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PubMed1986

Mycoplasma bovoculi infection increases ocular colonization by Moraxella ovis in calves.

To determine whether infection with Mycoplasma bovoculi increases ocular colonization of cattle eyes with Moraxella bovis and other bacteria, colonization of ocular gram-negative bacteria were measured in eyes of cattle infected with Mycoplasma bovoculi. Strains of Moraxella ovis were chosen because these are among the most commonly isolated species of gram-negative bacteria from cattle eyes. Five strains of M ovis were characterized biochemically and by pilus structure, permitting the recognition of 2 biotypes. All strains were tested in a mouse corneal pathogenicity model. One strain of each biotype was selected for testing in calves. All 5 strains were apathogenic for mice, and the 2 strains tested in cattle did not induce keratitis. Infection of calves with Mycoplasma bovoculi increased the amount and persistence of colonization with the strains of M ovis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Outer membrane protein antigens of Moraxella bovis.

Outer membranes were isolated from bovine isolates and type strains of Moraxella bovis, M phenylpyruvica, M lacunata, and M ovis by sodium N lauroyl sarcosinate extraction and differential centrifugation. Analysis of outer membranes from these organisms by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis revealed that all M bovis isolates shared a common polypeptide pattern that was readily distinguishable from other Moraxella spp. Nine major outer membrane protein bands were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis analysis of M bovis. Immunoblotting of protein antigens of M bovis revealed several outer membrane proteins that seemed to be common antigens of all M bovis isolates.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Identification of bovine carriers of Moraxella bovis by comparative cultural examinations of ocular and nasal secretions.

The carrier state of Moraxella bovis was investigated, using bacteriologic examinations of ocular and nasal secretions from cattle under experimental and natural conditions of exposure and management. Moraxella bovis was isolated throughout the year from the ocular and nasal secretions of cattle naturally affected with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. There was also 1 case of nasal transmission of M bovis without isolation of M bovis from ocular secretions and 1 case of M bovis isolation from the vagina of a calf contracted by contact with a calf affected with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. The frequency of isolations and duration of infections, as determined by examination of ocular and nasal secretions, indicated that these secretions were comparable in the identification of M bovis carriers. The increased cultural isolations of M bovis from nasal secretions after shipment relative to the number of isolations before shipment indicated that shipment may serve as a stress factor causing an increase in the number of carriers.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of acute ocular Moraxella bovis infections in calves with a parenterally administered long-acting oxytetracycline formulation.

Acute ocular Moraxella bovis infections were induced in the UV-irradiated eyes of 10 calves. Eight calves developed corneal ulcers in at least 1 eye and were used for the treatment experiment. One randomly selected group of 4 calves with corneal ulcers and M bovis infections in 7 eyes was given a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation in 2 IM dosages of 20 mg/kg of body weight each, 72 hours apart. The other 4 calves with corneal ulcers in 6 eyes and M bovis in all 8 eyes served as nontreated controls. Bilateral ocular cultures were obtained and clinical observations were made daily for 20 days after treatment. After administration of the long-acting drug, new ulcers did not develop in the treated calves, whereas 5 new ulcers developed in the control-group calves during this time. The average durations of increased lacrimation/ulcerated eye were 2 and 12 days after treatment in the treatment and control groups, respectively; the average durations of blepharospasm were 3 and 8 days, respectively. Moraxella bovis was not isolated from any of the eyes of the treatment-group calves for the first 6 days after the antibiotic was administered, but was isolated from 1 eye of 1 treated calf on posttreatment day 7 and daily thereafter, for a total of 14 positive cultures of 160 ocular cultures obtained from the treatment-group calves after treatment. The bacterium was isolated from all eyes and from 144 of 160 cultures from the control-group calves during this time.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Genotypic, phenotypic, and biological characteristics of Moraxella bovis.

Several isolates of Moraxella bovis obtained from cattle with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis killed monocytes and macrophages in vitro and carried 3 to 5 plasmids. Cloned and noncloned M bovis isolates readily induced the disease, killed the phagocytes in vitro, and carried 3 plasmids. Moraxella bovis isolates of low in vivo virulence carried 5 plasmids and did not kill phagocytes to the extent that isolates with 3 plasmids did. The possible implications of these findings in the pathogenesis of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis are discussed. Also, a classification of M bovis colonies into rough or smooth varieties according to their staining characteristics with crystal violet is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Isolation of Chlamydia psittaci and Moraxella bovis from infectious keratoconjunctivitis in lambs].

Out of 189 lambs in the flock, 25 animals suffered from bilateral or unilateral conjunctivitis, or keratoconjunctivitis. By serological examination (RVK), positive levels of antibodies to the group-specific antigen of Chl. psittaci were found in three out of six lambs examined by laboratory methods. Bacteriological examination of eye smears of six lambs showed in four cases the infection by microorganisms of Moraxella bovis. Smears from the conjunctivas of these lambs were after preparation instilled in the yolk sacs of six to seven days old chicken embryos. One strain of Chlamydia psittaci was isolated from the same material as Moraxella bovis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Moraxella corneal ulcers: poor response to medical treatment.

Three patients, all chronic alcoholics, had corneal ulcers caused by two Moraxella species. The diagnosis was suspected from the Gram's stain in two cases and confirmed by culture in all three. In spite of aggressive and appropriate medical management, all three cases required surgical intervention. Two patients underwent penetrating keratoplasty for perforation or descemetocele, and one received a conjunctival flap. Moraxella corneal ulcers often do not respond well to medical treatment. As these organisms are highly susceptible to antibiotics in vitro, host factors must play a role in the poor prognosis of these infections.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Septic arthritis due to Kingella (Moraxella) kingii: case report and review of the literature.

Kingella (Moraxella) kingii, a gram-negative bacillus, was isolated as the cause of septic knee arthritis in an adult. Three previous cases (1 adult and 2 children) of septic arthritis due to Moraxella species have been reported. All cases have been characterized by difficulty in identifying the organism, indolent clinical course and slow response to antibiotic treatment.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1980

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: effects of vaccination on Moraxella bovis carrier state in cattle.

A study was conducted to determine whether vaccination of cattle while they were undergoing an acute episode of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), would cause vaccinated cattle to abort Moraxella bovis infection sooner than nonvaccinated cattle. Fourteen calves were allotted into two groups of seven calves each, and the eyes of each calf were exposed to a virulent culture of M bovis. Twenty days after calves were infected and showing signs of IBK, seven calves were vaccinated with M bovis pilus vaccine made from the exposure strain. Ocular and nasal discharges were collected and examined for M bovis for 64 days. Most calves developed signs of IBK after exposure and all but one calf (nonvaccinated) developed ocular infection with M bovis. The mean number of days (33 and 33.3, respectively) of ocular infection was not significantly (P = 0.05) different in the vaccinated calves than in the nonvaccinated calves. The eyes of the calf that did not become infected with M bovis were infected with nearly a pure culture of Escherichia coli. This calf failed to develop ocular infection, but had M bovis in its nasal discharge throughout the study (64 days). Moraxella bovis was isolated from the nasal discharge of other calves only when there were concurrent ocular infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Comparative antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime against Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis].

The antimicrobial activity of cefpodoxime (Podomexef, CAS 80210-62-4) against 236 clinical isolates of H. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae was investigated and compared with that of another 8 commonly used oral antibiotics. beta-Lactamase negative, beta-lactamase positive and multiresistant strains of H. influenzae were inhibited by cefpodoxime at a concentration of 0.13 mg/l. 10% of Moraxella catarrhalis isolates were moderately susceptible to cefpodoxime, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefpodoxime ranging between 0.13 and 2.0 mg/l. All isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae were susceptible to < or = 0.25 mg/l cefpodoxime. Cefpodoxime was clearly more active than the older oral cephalosporins against all species tested. The activity was comparable to that of cefixime against all species except Streptococcus pneumoniae, against which cefpodoxime was more active than cefixime.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1975

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis II. Antibodies in lacrimal secretions of cattle naturally or experimentally infected with Moraxella bovis.

Preinfection, acute and convalescent phase lacrimal secretions from 20 cattle that had mild to severe keratoconjunctivitis (associated with natural or experimental Moraxella bovis infection) were tested for specific antibody to M. bovis as well as for immunoglobulins, particulary of the A class. The convalescent phase secretions from all four natural cases but from only seven of the 16 experimental cases contained increased amounts of immunoglobulins, predominantly of the A class. Only the secretions from cattle having severe keratoconjunctivitis contained precipitins specific for Moraxella bovis.Therefore, M. bovis specifically stimulates the appearance in tears of immunoglobulins that are important in the age associated, acquired resistance to reinfection with M. bovis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anti-Staphylococcus aureus, anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae and anti-Moraxella catarrhalis specific IgE in asthmatic children.

The total serum IgE levels and the presence of anti-Staphylococcu aureus, anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae and anti-Moraxella catarrhalis specific IgE antibodies were studied in 34 asthmatic children (aged 1-12 years). Eleven of them also suffered also from subacute or chronic sinusitis. Total and specific IgE were determined by radioimmunoassay in solid phase. The total serum IgE levels were increased in 82.3% of the cases. It was observed that 73.5% of the children had detectable specific IgE antibodies to one or more bacteria. Anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae IgE and anti-Moraxella catarrhalis IgE were observed more frequently than anti-Staphylococcus aureus IgE antibodies. There was no correlation among these results. The percentage of cases with increased total serum IgE levels and detectable specific antibacterial IgE was higher in those children who did not have sinusitis. In this group anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae IgE was the most frequent finding. The detection of specific antibacterial IgE is not sufficient to explain the physiopathologic role of such antibodies in the children with asthma.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1997

[Occurrence of Moraxella catarrhalis in patients with respiratory tract infections].

The study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence of Moraxella catarrhalis in patients with respiratory tract infections. Overall 514 specimens including 370 throat swabs and 114 sputum specimens were examined. The 78 strains isolated basing on morphological and biochemical characteristics were classified as Moraxella catarrhalis. The sensitivity of the strains to antibiotics was also estimated. The frequency of M. catarrhalis isolation from the throat swabs (15.9%) was higher than from the sputum (13.2%). Selected 25 specimens of sputum were tested simultaneously by quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative method was more sensitive (84% positive findings) than qualitative method (60% positive findings). Resistance to ampicillin was found in 52 (66.7%) strains of M. catarrhalis determined mainly by beta-lactamase production (over 70% strains were producers of beta-lactamase). All strains were sensitive to ofloxacin and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid combination. The frequency of M. catarrhalis isolation was higher in autumn-winter period than in summer (May-September). We conclude that M. catarrhalis, beside Streptococcus pyogenes (20.2%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (17.1%), are the most frequently isolated bacteria in patients with respiratory tract infections.

Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination↗
PubMed1976

Extracellular antigens of Moraxella bovis.

The extracellular antigens of 2 isolates of Moraxella bovis were isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation of cell-free culture filtrate, purified by filtration and differentiated by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic techniques. The extracellular filtrate from rough types had 2 specific extracellular antigens in addition to those in the culture filtrate of smooth-type cells of the same isolate. The extracellular antigens produced by smooth-type cells were identical in all isolates of Moraxella bovis. The serotype-specific extracellular antigens of 2 isolates were serologically identical but were different from those of a 3rd isolate. The possibility of serotyping M bovis isolates, on the basis of their extracellular rough-type antigens, was suggested. Although both serotype-specific antigens were destroyed by trypsin treatment, 1 antigen was also heat-labile and partially destroyed by formalin treatment.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1981

Usefulness of electrophoretic pattern of cell envelope protein as a taxonomic tool for fishhold slime moraxella species.

Nine independent Moraxella cultures were isolated from the accumulated slime in fishholds of fishery trawlers. It is significant that none of these isolates was viable above 30 degrees C, a temperature well below the usual incubation temperature for plate counts of food samples. The traditional taxonomic parameters showed no significant dissimilarities among these closely related marine organisms or between them and conventional moraxellas. However, cell envelope protein profiles examined on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels revealed that the organisms fell into several distinct groups. The cell envelope protein profile could be a simple and quick test to determine the fine relationships between individual isolates.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1968

A study of the Moraxella group. II. Oxidative-negative species (genus Acinetobacter).

A number of nutritional and biochemical properties of more than 100 strains of the oxidase-negative moraxellas (the Mima-Herellea-Acinetobacter group of bacteria) were studied. These properties included the range of carbon sources that can support growth, the utilization of nitrate, the production of proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes, and the reactions involved in the oxidation of sugars and of aromatic compounds. No evidence could be obtained for the accumulation of either poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate or polysaccharide as intracellular reserve materials. Of 158 different compounds tested, the group as a whole could use 85 as sole carbon sources for growth. The nutritional spectra of the individual strains, however, differed widely, with a range of from 17 to 74 alternative substrates. On the basis of 56 selected nutritional and physiological characters used for a numerical analysis, the collection could be divided into two major groups of strains comprising at least seven less clearly defined clusters. Neither the hydrolysis of gelatin nor acid production from aldose sugars was found to be a reliable index of strain affinities indicated by the phenotypic analysis, although both properties were of some use in distinguishing between the subgroups. For reasons that are discussed, we propose that the oxidase-negative moraxellas be placed in the genus Acinetobacter Brisou and Prévot, for which a modified description is presented. A. calco-aceticus (Beijerinck) is proposed as the type species, of which anitratum is regarded as a synonym or variety. On the basis of the present studies and unpublished supporting evidence provided by M. Mandel on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) composition and by J. Johnson on DNA homologies, it is proposed that two other species in the genus, A. lwoffi (Audureau) and A. hemolysans (Henriksen), as well as one subspecies, A. hemolysans haemolyticus (Stenzel and Mannheim), be recognized provisionally.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed2002

The novel IgD binding protein from Moraxella catarrhalis induces human B lymphocyte activation and Ig secretion in the presence of Th2 cytokines.

Moraxella IgD binding protein (MID) is a novel bacterial outer membrane protein with IgD-binding properties. MID was purified from the respiratory pathogen Moraxella catarrhalis and is here shown to have B cell stimulatory properties. Purified MID in the range of 0.01-0.1 microg/ml was optimal to induce a proliferative response in human PBL. MID coupled to Sepharose and formalin-fixed M. catarrhalis preparations induced similar proliferative responses in PBL cultures. MID or MID-Sepharose stimulated purified human peripheral B cells as measured by proliferation. In contrast, MID or MID-Sepharose did not activate T cells. Preincubation of purified B cells with anti-IgD Abs inhibited MID-Sepharose-induced B cell proliferation. The addition of IL-4 specifically induced IL-6 production in MID-Sepharose-activated B cells. IgM secretion was detected in B cell cultures stimulated with MID or MID-Sepharose and IL-2 for 10 days. Secretion of IgG and IgA was efficiently induced in cultures from purified B cells stimulated with the combination of MID or MID-Sepharose and IL-4, IL-10, and soluble CD40 ligand, suggesting that Th2-derived cytokines were required for optimal plasma cell generation. Taken together, MID has properties that make it an important tool to study IgD-targeted activation of B cells.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of three rapid methods, tributyrine, 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate, and indoxyl acetate, for rapid identification of Moraxella catarrhalis.

Moraxella catarrhalis can easily be differentiated from other oxidase-positive, gram-negative cocci with tributyrine, 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate, or indoxyl acetate. All M. catarrhalis give positive reactions, and all Neisseria spp. give negative reactions. The 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate tube test and indoxyl acetate strip test provide same-day identification of M. catarrhalis isolates.

Acetylesterase↗