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PubMed1981

The relationship between surgical outcome and MMPI profiles in chronic pain patients.

Administered the MMPI as part of a comprehensive pain evaluation to 44 patients who were receiving surgery for low back pain. Surgical outcomes then were determined after 6 to 18 months, and the patients were grouped as surgery success (22) or surgery failures (22). MMPI profiles were examined for each group, and while there was a significant difference on the Hs scale, no other mean scores were discriminative. In contrast, when patients were divided into subgroups based upon MMPI profile configurations, a strong relationship existed between subgroup MMPI profile and surgery outcome. Thus, while these data argue against attempting to use group MMPI profiles to predict surgical outcome in patients who are suffering from pain, subgroup profiles do bear a strong relationship with surgery outcome and appear worthy of further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The use of the MMPI-168 with delinquent adolescents.

Compared the standard MMPI and the MMPI-168 scores of 90 male delinquent adolescents. Raw score and T-score correlations were generally high and within acceptable limits, which indicates that MMPI-168 scores are useful with delinquent adolescents. However, two-point codetypes derived from standard MMPIs and MMPI-168s were in agreement less than half of the time. Caution should be exercised in the interpretation of two-point codetypes from MMPI-168 raw scores.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

MMPI profiles among neuropsychology patients.

Examined MMPI profiles in a sample of 345 patients who were referred for neuropsychological evaluation because of known or suspected brain damage in an effort to determine how these profiles compare to MMPI profiles among general mental health outpatients. The relationship between the severity of brain damage as determined by the neuropsychological evaluation and the severity of emotional problems as reflected by the MMPI also was examined. A third part of the study focused on two MMPI "organic" codes ("29" and "139") to determine whether these code types reflect brain disorders at greater than chance level. Results indicate that a large majority of neuropsychology patients exhibit significant emotional problems as evidenced by one or more scale elevations on the MMPI. These patients differ considerably from general outpatients in terms of the scales most frequently elevated. In contrast to earlier findings, present results suggest only a low relationship between the severity of emotional problems and the severity of brain damage with much of this relationship reflected in Sc scale elevations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Mexican Americans' performance on the MMPI as a function of level of acculturation.

Previous researchers have concluded that differences in MMPI performance between Anglo and Mexican American surnamed subjects were due to cultural differences. The present research directly investigated this assumption by comparing MMPI scale score differences of 365 Anglo and Mexican American college students, with Acculturation, Age, and Socioeconomic status statistically controlled. Anglos scored significantly differently from Mexican American subjects on 10 of the 13 MMPI scales. With Acculturation and Age statistically controlled, however, Anglo vs. Mexican American subjects differed on only the L and MF scales. These results support previous conclusions that most MMPI differences between Anglo and Mexican American subjects are due to culture, or Acculturation. Our results are consistent with major findings within the MMPI literature and also support the hypothesis that personality differences identified by the L and MF scales reflect genuine characteristics of the Mexican-American culture.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1986

A manifest anxiety scale from the MMPI-168.

An established measurement of anxiety that uses MMPI items is Taylor's Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS). Because the items on the MAS are distributed over the entire MMPI, this measure is not available from a popular short form, the MMPI-168. A new composite anxiety scale that comprises items on the MMPI-168 is described, together with relevant normative statistics and its relationship with other MMPI scales.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1989

A shortened MMPI useful for psychiatric screening of the non-institutionalized elderly.

We compared the reliability of the Faschingbauer Abbreviated MMPI (the FAM) to the standard MMPI with a sample of non-institutionalized, independently living elderly individuals. FAM items were extracted from the standard MMPIs of 83 middle-class men and women with a mean age of 74 years. Results indicate that the FAM is correlated highly with the MMPI. Although statistically significant differences were found between the FAM and MMPI forms on some scales, 77% of the profile pairs were judged to satisfy interpretive reliability criteria, and for the profiles that were rejected the FAM was not found to overestimate or underestimate any MMPI scale systematically. The potential value of the FAM as a screening device for elderly individuals who are living in the community is addressed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Validation of MMPI profile subtypes among opioid addicts who are beginning methadone maintenance treatment.

The purpose of the present research was (1) to examine the stability of MMPI subtypes within a VA drug abusing population; and (2) to provide external validation for these subtypes. The MMPI was administered to 107 male veterans who were entering methadone maintenance treatment. Normal sphere personality characteristics, sociodemographic information, and self- and interviewer ratings were collected by use of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) and the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). Using D2 analysis, each MMPI profile was compared to the mean profile for three MMPI profile clusters obtained by Roszell, Chaney, and Blaes (1983) on a previous sample. Normal, psychoneurotic, and schizoid profiles were found in percentages similar to Roszell et al. The normal cluster was divided into two groups with and without T score elevations above 70 on the clinical scales. The normal group with profile elevations was similar to profile groups labeled as psychopathic in previous research. The four MMPI profile subtypes were compared on the 16PF and the ASI. The psychoneurotic and schizoid groups demonstrated higher levels of emotional distress and psychiatric difficulty than did the normal or psychopathic groups. The psychopathic and schizoid groups had more legal problems than the other two groups; the normal group had less evidence of marital and family problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

MMPI profiles of closed head trauma patients: impact of neurologic complaints.

The MMPI is used commonly with neurologic patients despite concerns about its validity with this population. The basis for this concern--possible artifactual effects due to neurologic-related MMPI items (NRIs)--was assessed in this study of 58 closed head trauma (CHT) patients. The MMPI profiles of these patients were analyzed before and after statistical correction was made for 42 NRIs that were identified by three neurologists. Significant effects occurred on Scales 1 (HS), 2 (D), 3 (HY), 7 (PT), and 8 (SC) in regard to their T scores, frequency of pathological elevation (T greater than 69), and representation in configural codes. The results suggest that MMPI content scales and subscales may help to distinguish the relative contribution of neurologic and emotional complaints on MMPI profiles.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Spirituality and the MMPI-2.

The present investigation was an exploratory examination of the relation of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2; Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) Clinical scales to spirituality operationalized in terms of self-reported religious involvement and scores on a multidimensional measure called the Expressions of Spirituality Inventory (ESI; MacDonald, 1997, 2000). MANOVA and correlational results indicate that the MMPI-2 Clinical scales generate patterns of findings consistent with available research on spirituality and health. In particular, persons reporting involvement in organized religion obtained significantly lower MMPI-2 Clinical scale scores and were found to be less likely to obtain a clinically significant score (i.e., t-scores >64) on any of the MMPI-2 scales. Further, with the exception of Masculine-Feminine and Hypomania, all MMPI-2 scales were found to associate appreciably with ESI dimension scores. The study concludes with a brief discussion of the meaning and implications of the findings for future research aimed at investigating the relation of spirituality to health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

MMPI profiles in anorexia nervosa patients with and without major depression.

Anorexia nervosa patients with (AN-RDC+) and without (AN-RDC-) a current episode of nonbipolar major depression (MDD) differed with respect to their Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles. Mean MMPI scores in AN-RDC+ significantly differed from AN-RDC-patients in all but two MMPI scales. AN-RDC+ patients had a significantly higher number of abnormal (T greater than 70) MMPI scales per subject and significantly more subjects with greater than or equal to 3 abnormal scales compared with AN-RDC-patients. These MMPI data suggest that the presence or absence of MDD in anorectic patients may distinguish meaningful subtypes and provide further support for the validity of the stratification of anorectic patients into those with and without nonbipolar MDD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Differential diagnosis using the MMPI-2: Goldberg's index revisited.

BACKGROUND: The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) often supports clinical decision-making in complex diagnostic problems like differentiating neurosis from psychosis and psychosis from bipolar disorder. The MMPI Goldberg index, an arithmetical combination of five clinical scales, has been considered to provide a good estimate for discriminating between neurotic and psychotic profiles. Similarly, the MMPI-2 Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) scales have been found to be useful in differentiating diagnostic categories. METHOD: This study evaluates these findings in a sample of psychiatric patients diagnosed with depressive, psychotic, or bipolar disorder using ANOVA and discriminant analysis. RESULTS: Results corroborate the validity of Goldberg's index and find MMPI-2 PSY-5 scale Disconstraint to significantly differentiate between psychotic and bipolar-I disorder. CONCLUSION: The MMPI-2 Goldberg index and PSY-5 scales can offer a useful contribution to the differential diagnosis of depressive, psychotic and bipolar disorder.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychiatric disorders, trauma, and MMPI profile in a Spanish sample of nonepileptic seizure patients.

The aim of this study was to examine clinical characteristics in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures and to analyze the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles and their relation to psychopathology. Thirty patients with nonepileptic seizures confirmed through video-electroencephalography were included. A structured clinical interview (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R), a measure of personality variables (MMPI), and several structured interviews designed for collecting data on clinical and personal history were administered. Descriptive and comparative statistical methods were used. Of the sample, 67.7% met criteria for two or more simultaneous Axis I diagnoses, and 60% for an Axis II personality disorder. The most frequently elevated scales of the MMPI were Schizophrenia and Depression. There were multiple scale elevations in 12 profiles, the 91.7% of which had elevated "neurotic" and "psychotic" scales. The subgroup with personality disorders showed higher scores on the MMPI Paranoia and Hypomania scales, and the subgroup with traumatic experiences showed higher scores on the MMPI Hypomania scale. Our sample comprising patients with nonepileptic seizures showed a significant degree of psychopathology and absence of a unique character substrate. According to grades of clinical severity of pseudoseizures, several subgroups and different therapeutic implications may be defined.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Personality testing and epilepsy: comparison of two MMPI-2 correction procedures.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) is widely used for assessing psychopathology. However, its reliability in people with neurologic disease has been questioned. This concern is especially true for epilepsy, a disease with symptoms, i.e., seizures, that frequently include experiences likely to suggest psychopathology. Correction procedures, in which select items are removed and the test is rescored, may improve MMPI-2 specificity. The MMPI-2 was administered to 27 subjects with epilepsy, and the results were compared before and after application of three correction procedures: rational, statistical, and combined. The statistical correction resulted in clinically significant T-score changes (> or = 5 points) in two MMPI-2 clinical scales, while a combined correction procedure produced clinically significant changes in three scales. In the subgroup of patients with intractable epilepsy, two noncorrected scale T-scores > or = 65 fell to the normal range with both the statistical and combined procedures. These results suggest cautious interpretation of standard MMPI-2 scores in patients with epilepsy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trait versus state aspects of the MMPI during the early course of schizophrenia.

Scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-168 item version were examined during periods of clinical remission and of psychosis for recent-onset schizophrenia patients (n = 19) and at comparable time intervals for demographically matched normal participants (n = 19). To determine diagnostic specificity, MMPIs for participants with bipolar affective disorder in remission (n = 12) were also examined. Methods for distinguishing between stable vulnerability indicators, mediating vulnerability factors and episode indicators of psychopathology were adapted from Nuechterlein and Dawson (1984). MMPI scales Pa, Sc and validity scale F showed a combination of trait and state qualities, characteristic of mediating vulnerability factors. These scales reflect changes that occur during psychotic episodes but also apparently tap personality characteristics that endure into periods of clinical remission. Unexpectedly, some MMPI scales that are not typically associated with psychotic disorders (i.e. Hs, D, and Hy) were significantly higher in schizophrenia patients across psychotic and clinically remitted states than in normal participants. In clinical remission, higher scores on scales Hs, D and Hy, showed some specificity to schizophrenia relative to bipolar disorder. While MMPI-168 scales Pd and Pt fit the pattern for vulnerability indicators, it was uncertain whether they belonged to the 'stable' versus 'mediating' subtype. MMPI scores that continue to be higher in remission than in a normal sample may reflect either enduring vulnerability factors or the impact of schizophrenia and the individuals' attempts to cope with the disorder. Studies of first-degree relatives will be needed to provide converging evidence that certain personality characteristics reflect genetic predisposition to schizophrenia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

The aging MMPI: development of contemporary norms.

Twenty-five years of experience with the Mayo Clinic computerized system for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) have accrued since Swenson , Rome, and their colleagues proposed this innovation in 1959. Although it is the most respected, widely used, and thoroughly researched objective personality-assessment instrument that has been developed to date, the MMPI is aging. Work on the MMPI began in 1937, and the original normative base was established in the late 1930s and early 1940s . To develop new norms, we selected a random sample of 1,408 subjects, not under care for any physically or mentally handicapping condition and ranging in age from 18 through 99 years, from parts of Iowa, Wisconsin, and Minnesota in a 50-mile radius surrounding Rochester, Minnesota. MMPI responses obtained from this sample were used to develop normalized T-score tables for specific age ranges, and for adults in general, for the 13 basic scales of the MMPI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

(Hu)man versus mean revisited: MMPI group data and psychiatric diagnosis.

A meta-analysis of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) data from 403 control and psychiatric samples was used to (a) examine demographics associated with previously published MMPI studies, (b) test Goldberg's (1972) indexes for predicting normal versus deviant and neurotic versus psychotic group membership, (c) compare multiple regression, discriminant function, and logistic regression analyses commonly used to study the relation between the MMPI and diagnostic group membership, and (d) examine the signal within the MMPI as it relates to current psychiatric diagnosis. Group data were found to be efficient indicators of the relation between the MMPI and diagnosis, although efficiency is compromised by within-sample heterogeneity. The 3 statistical methods examined obtained equivalent results. Regression models related to group prediction are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Personality and aging: a study of the MMPI-2 among older men.

We examined whether separate norms for older men are necessary for the revised Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). Scores from 1,459 men in the Normative Aging Study (NAS) (age: M = 61.27, SD = 8.37) were contrasted with those from 1,138 men from the MMPI Restandardization Study (age: M = 41.71, SD = 15.32). Results showed that scores on the MMPI-2 validity, clinical, and content scales for the NAS men were highly similar to those from the MMPI-2 Restandardization sample. There were also few differences between the two groups at the item level. Within-sample analyses revealed some differences between age groups. However, the magnitudes of these differences were small and may represent the single or combined effects of cohort factors and age-related changes in physical health status rather than age-related changes in psychopathology per se. We concluded that special, age-related norms for the MMPI-2 are not needed for older men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Detection of symptom exaggeration with the MMPI-2 in litigants with malingered neurocognitive dysfunction.

MMPI-2 scores of 26 persons identified as meeting criteria for definite malingered neurocognitive dysfunction (MND), were contrasted with the MMPI-2 scores of 29 persons who had suffered moderate or severe closed head injury. The Lees-Haley Fake Bad Scale (FBS) was the most sensitive MMPI-2 scale in discriminating the malingerers from the head-injured persons, with additional significant differences obtained on standard MMPI-2 clinical scales including Scales 1 (Hs), 2 (D), 3 (Hy), 7 (Pt), and 8 (Sc). Correlational analyses on a larger sample combining additional subjects with evidence of possible or probable MND, with the original sample and the head injured subjects, demonstrated the concurrent validity of the FBS, which correlated with the Portland Digit Recognition Test (PDRT), and with Scales 1 (Hs), 2 (D), 3 (Hy), and 7 (Pt) of the MMPI-2.

Analysis of Variance↗