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Mycologic examination of 402 cases of tinea capitis in Benghazi showed Trichophyton rubrum to be the most common isolate, followed by T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, and T. violaceum. The clinical presentation of tinea capitis is discussed, and attention is drawn to the seborrheic type, which is easily confused with dandruff.
Phenotype and gene frequencies of antigens at the A and B HLA loci were determined in a sample of 89 random Libyan Jews now settled in Israel. Most antigens at the A locus are within the range found in European populations while, at the B locus, the frequencies differ from Caucasoid populations: B7 is usually rare (1%), Bw35 is frequent (14%) and Bw40 very common with more than 10%. Thirteen percent of Libyan women whose sera were screened for the presence of HLA antibodies gave positive results. Some of them are elderly women, about 15 years or more beyond their last birth.
Out of 329 cases of stroke registered in Benghazi between November 1, 1983 and October 30, 1984, 63 patients comprising 32 males and 31 females belonged to the 15-40-year age group (stroke in the young). The annual age-specific crude incidence of stroke in the young was 39.3 and 40.3 per 100,000 for men and women, respectively. The age-adjusted incidence rate for both sexes for the age-specific (15-40 years) population was 47 per 100,000. The sex-dependent difference in the incidence was not statistically significant. These results emphasize that the high incidence of stroke in the young in Benghazi is not a reflection of the age distribution of the population. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease and hypercholesterolemia were important components of high stroke profile in the young. One or more risk factors were identified in 78% of total young stroke victims and in all the patients under the age of 30. Eight young stroke subjects died during the study period.
A 3-year intensive search for selected neuromuscular disorders in Benghazi, yielded 34 patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (25 index cases), 19 with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (13 index cases), 4 with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (3 index cases), 3 with opthalmoplegia-plus (all index cases), 13 with polymyositis, 41 with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) (17 index cases) and 27 with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). The age-adjusted prevalence rates, on 31 December 1985, per 100,000 population were 6 for Duchenne dystrophy, 3.7 for limb-girdle dystrophy, 0.8 for facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, 0.6 for opthalmoplegia-plus and 7.9 for HMSN (6.4 and 1.5 for Types I and II, respectively). The adjusted average annual incidence of polymyositis was 8.8/mill population; the peak incidence was observed in females in the age-group 20-40. A mean age-adjusted incidence rate for GBS of 1.7/100,000 population per year has been found. The peak age-specific incidence of GBS occurred in the third decade; the sex-dependent difference in the incidence was not significant. No indigenous forms of the disease were encountered and the clinical features differed little from the descriptions in literature. The large family size and high rate of consanguineous marriages contribute to the high frequency of familial disorders, especially those with autosomal recessive inheritance.
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Acetylator phenotyping by means of a sulphadimidine tests revealed 65% of Libyan Arabs to be slow acetylators. Hence the frequency of the allele controlling slow acetylation (As) is estimated as q = 0.81 +/- 0.05. This estimate is similar to those previously recorded in European and adjacent Middle Eastern populations.
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During a 4-year study period, January 1983 to December 1986, 24 patients (18 index cases) with spinal muscular atrophy (hereditary motor neuropathy, HMN), 9 with myasthenia gravis (MG), 6 with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 5 with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) were diagnosed in Benghazi. The HMN group comprised 6 acute infantile, 12 chronic childhood, and 3 each with adult-onset proximal, and distal forms of the disease. The crude average annual incidence of acute infantile HMN was 0.3/100,000 total population and 1/12,500 births in Benghazi. The crude prevalence rates of chronic childhood, adult-onset proximal, and distal types of HMN were 2.3, 0.6 and 0.6/100,000, respectively. The larger family size and the high rate of consanguineous marriages contribute to the high frequency of HMN in the study area. Distal HMN constituted 12.5% of the total cases. The adjusted average incidence of MG was 4.4/million/year, 2.1 for males and 6.8 for females. The female:male incidence ratio was 3.2:1. The crude average annual incidence rates/million inhabitants for PSP asnd SSPE were 3 and 2.4, respectively. The frequency of occurrence of SSPE among the subtropical Arab community under investigation is comparable with other surveys from the Middle East and Mediterranean region.
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