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PubMed1980

Purification and characterization of a mouse serum glycoprotein increased in level by administration of an antitumor polysaccharide, lentinan.

One of the three kinds of mouse serum proteins increased in level by the administration of lentinan, designated LA, was found to be ceruloplasmin (p-diphenol:O2:oxidoreductase; EC 1.14.18.1) which contains copper atoms and has amine oxidase activity. This mouse ceruloplasmin is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 135,000, and its chemical composition is very similar to that of human ceruloplasmin.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical effects and immunological analysis of intraabdominal and intrapleural injection of lentinan for malignant ascites and pleural effusion of gastric carcinoma].

Twenty-one patients with malignant peritoneal or pleural effusions of gastric carcinomas were treated with intracavitary injection of lentinan (LNT). LNT was injected at a dosage of 4 mg/week for 4 weeks. In total, fifteen (71%) of twenty-one patients demonstrated clinical responses. Toxicity caused a high fever in only one case. LAK and ATK activities induced from peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) after culture with autologous tumor and interleukin-2 were examined before and after LNT injection. ATK activity was augmented, but LAK activity was reduced after LNT injection. These results indicate that intracavitary injection of LNT is a useful treatment for malignant effusions, and that LNT augments the induction of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed1994

[Effects of pretreatment with lentinan or krestin on antitumor effector cell activities suppressed by cyclophosphamide].

The author examined effects of BRMs such as Lentinan (LTN) and Krestin (PSK) on antitumor effector activities of spleen cells suppressed by cyclophosphamide (CY: 150 mg/kg, i.v.) in normal C57BL/6 mice in order to define the immunological significance of those BRMs when combined with CY treatment. When the mice were treated with CY alone, the total number of cells, and NK and LAK precursor cell activities per spleen were reduced to the nadir on day 3, and they eventually recovered, reaching normal levels on day 7. It was noted that the LAK precursor activity, but not NK cell activity, per 10(6) of spleen cells was significantly suppressed by CY. When LTN or PSK was administered for 7 days prior to the CY treatment, the reduction of total number and NK cell activity, but not of LAK precursor activity, was alleviated at the nadir on day 3. LTN- or PSK-administration also promoted the recovery of the total number, NK and LAK precursor cell activity on day 7. Interleukin-2 (IL-2)-production of concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cells was suppressed by CY, and recovered rather gradually without complete restoration even on day 9. LTN or PSK markedly prevented the CY-induced suppression and promoted the recovery of IL-2-production. These findings reveal that LTN or PSK exhibits lightening or restorative effects on CY-induced suppression of antitumor effector activities of murine spleen cells.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1996

[Study on the enhancing effect of polyporus polysaccharide, mycobacterium polysaccharide and lentinan on lymphokine-activated killer cell activity in vitro].

The actions of Polyporus polysaccharide (PPS), mycobacterium polysaccharide (MPS) and lentinan (LEN) on lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity in vitro were investigated in this study. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured for 96 hours with medium containing different concentrations of the above-mentioned drugs in combination with recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2). Then cell-mediated lysis was determined by 1H-TdR release assay including NK sensitive and NK resistant target cells. The results demonstrated that, when combined with rIL-2 in a certain concentration, all three kinds of polysaccharides could enhance the LAK activity by 42%-56.9%, and reduce the dose of rIL-2 by 50% (P < 0.05-0.01). It suggested that the PPS, MPS and LEN could be used as bioactivity regulators in LAK cell therapy in tumor treatment.

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic↗
PubMed1976

Antitumor activity of degraded products of lentinan: its correlation with molecular weight.

Lentinan, an antitumor polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes, was degraded to seven fractions by treatment with formic acid. The low molecular-weight fractions (I and II) showed no antitumor activity against sarcoma-180 solid-type tumor and the absorption maximum of Congo Red did not shift in their presence in 0.1M sodium hydroxide. The medium molecular-weight fraction III, which required the increase of doses (5 or 10 mg/kg) for inhibition of tumor growth, caused a little shift. On the other hand, the absorption maximum of Congo Red shifted largely by the presence of high molecular-weight fractions (IV approximately VII) which showed the inhibition ratio of over 95% in a dose of 1 mg/kg. Participation of molecular weight in the antitumor activity of polysaccharides which contain (1 leads to 3)-beta-D-glucan main chain was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Clinical evaluation of intrapleural or peritoneal administration of lentinan and OK-432 for malignant effusion].

It is very important to control the Th2-dominant condition in cancer patients while they are undergoing immunotherapy. OK-432 powerfully guides Th1 cytokine, but sometimes it can not eliminate the Th2 dominant state in cancer patients, which is needed to induce Th2 cytokine. Premedication with combined LTN and OK-432 is an effective therapy for controlling the Th1/Th2 balance. We tried administering LTN and OK-432 in the pleural or peritoneal cavity for patients with malignant effusion. Of all 9 lesions of the 8 cases, 6 showed complete remission and 1 showed partial response. The level of IL-12 (p70) and IFN-gamma in the pleural effusion or ascites of the combination group was higher than the OK-432 only group. In conclusion, LTN and OK-432 combined therapy appears to be an effective local treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Clinical evaluation of intrapleural or peritoneal repetitive administration of Lentinan and OK-432 for malignant effusion].

LTN and OK-432 combined therapy is effective for controlling Th1/Th2 balance. We tried a repetitive administration of LTN and OK-432 in the pleural or peritoneal cavity for patients with malignant effusion. Of all 11 lesions of the 10 cases, 7 revealed complete remission and 1 revealed partial response. The level of IL-12 (p70) and IFN-gamma in ascites of two gastric cancer patients after the second administration of LTN and OK-432 was much higher than those after the first administration, whereas the level of IL-10 was not suppressed strongly. In 8 lesions that we could confirm complete remission or partial response, 7 lesions were improved after two or three administrations of LTN and OK-432. In conclusion, a repetitive intracavital administration of LTN and OK-432 is effective for malignant effusion.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Synergistic action of lentinan (LNT) with endocrine therapy of breast cancer in rats and humans].

With the aim of clarifying the nature of the synergistic action of LNT with endocrine therapy for mammary tumor, the effect of LNT post-treatment was investigated in rats with DMBA-induced mammary tumors and also in patients with recurrent breast cancer. LNT injection following surgical therapy (Ax + Ox) resulted in a much greater regression of tumor growth than that obtained by surgery alone, but not after medical therapy (Tamoxifen). Image analysis using an immunohistochemical technique revealed that LNT-surgical therapy resulted in marked atrophy of tumors and as well as intense infiltration of T cells, B cells and macrophages into the stroma around the tumor. Blood prolactin level was greatly reduced by LNT injection. A clinical randomized controlled study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of LNT post-treatment with surgical therapy in 33 patients with recurrent breast cancer. The mode of the synergistic action of LNT in combination with endocrine therapy on hormone-dependent tumors was discussed.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1987

[A case of gastric cancer with peritonitis carcinomatosa which improved upon oral administration of UFT, mitomycin C and lentinan].

A 29-year-old male visited our hospital because of lower abdominal pain. Acute appendicitis was suspected, and surgery was performed. However, no abnormality was found in the vermiform appendix. Instead, atrophy of the greater omentum, numerous nodes of varying sizes, and a small amount of ascites were observed. On the basis of histological examination, a diagnosis of metastatic glandular cancer was made. Gastric fluoroscopy performed 2 months earlier in another hospital had revealed irregularity of the stomach wall and a large concave area on the side of the greater curvature. Photogastroscopy and CT demonstrated progressive Borrmann type III cancer at the corresponding site and metastasis to regional lymph nodes. Biopsy findings were similar to the histological findings. After 1 week, treatment with UFT (400 mg/day), MMC (10 mg/month) and LNT (1 mg/week) was initiated. After about 3 months, i.e., following administration of 40 g UFT, 30 mg MMC and 8 mg LNT, gastric fluoroscopy and photogastroscopy revealed complete disappearance of the tumor. No abnormality was found by laboratory studies. The patient has since returned to a normal life.

Adenocarcinoma↗