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PubMed1990

The impact of migrants' remittances on the Egyptian economy.

"The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the large remittances made by Egyptian migrants to their home country on the Egyptian economy. In order to study this impact, we use the implications of the standard Keynesian model. We estimated the structural equations of the model using annual data for the Egyptian economy over the period from 1970 to 1984.... The results suggest that remittances have had a strong positive impact on GNP in Egypt." The authors note that remittances especially affect private consumption spending. Policy implications concerning labor migration are discussed. (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Africa↗
PubMed1996

Interregional equilibrium with heterogeneous labor.

"The impact of labor migration on interregional equilibrium is studied when workers are heterogeneous in productivity and regional mobility. The skilled respond to market disequilibrium by moving into the most attractive region. The unskilled are immobile in the short-run and move with the skilled in the long-run. Both regions have a neoclassical production function affected by an externality depending on the number of skilled. Workers move according to the utility differential when regional amenities vary with population or according to the wage differential. The equilibrium pattern depends on the unskilled's mobility and on migration incentives. Typically, regional imbalance characterizes the equilibrium which is often suboptimal."

Demography↗
PubMed1992

Labour circulation and the village economy in Fiji.

The author examines circular labor migration in Fiji. "This paper is organized into five sections. The first section provides a brief discussion of two major perspectives of labour circulation in developing countries. The second section presents the state of the Fijian village in the context of the current pattern of uneven development in Fiji. The practice of labour circulation by Fijian villagers is dealt with in the third section. In the last two sections, issues concerning the maintenance of the polarized pattern and the preservation of the village mode of production are discussed."

Demography↗
PubMed1998

The history of the family in Spain: past development, present realities, and future challenges.

"The article presents a brief overview of the historical study of the family in Spain, and deals with household work patterns, labor migration, adaptive strategies of households, and property devolution. From a belated and rater timid beginnings in the early part of the 1980s, the growth of this field in recent years has been noteworthy. The articles included in this volume are fitting testimony to the maturity achieved by this discipline in a very short amount of time. There are many important methodological and conceptual challenges facing family historians in Spain today. If they are able to respond to them successfully, the future of the discipline will be a bright one indeed."

Demography↗
PubMed1999

Temporary migration and regional development in China.

"A new approach to migration in developing countries is used in this paper, which integrates into the migration process the experiences of moving to cities, working in urban areas, and returning to the countryside. As a result, rural labor migration is directly linked to rural development through remittances, as well as through physical and human capital brought back by return migrants. Migration information is mainly drawn from China's 1995 1% National Population Survey.... It has been found that patterns of temporary migration are mainly shaped by the magnetic force of the growth-pole region. Job opportunities created there in labor-intensive industries have attracted large numbers of migrants, first from the surrounding rural areas and then from the peripheral regions, enhancing migration propensity in both areas."

Asia↗
PubMed1988

Union republic migration trends in the USSR during the 1980s.

"This article examines union republic migration trends in the USSR between 1979 and 1987 and prospects for indigenous out-migration from rural areas in Central Asia. The study is based on migration data derived by the residual technique and migration data from the 1985 microcensus. Results indicate that a south-to-north and probably Russian-dominated migration trend emerged in the 1980s, one which marks an almost complete reversal from earlier periods, especially 1959-70. Although Central Asia continues to have low levels of indigenous out-migration, labor surpluses and relatively waning capital investment in Central Asia may change this situation."

Demography↗
PubMed1981

A theoretical and empirical evaluation and extension of the Todaro migration model.

"This paper postulates that it is theoretically and empirically preferable to base internal labor migration on the relative difference in rural-urban real income streams and rates of unemployment, taken as separate and independent variables, rather than on the difference in the expected real income streams as postulated by the very influential and often quoted Todaro model. The paper goes on to specify several important ways of extending the resulting migration model and improving its empirical performance." The analysis is based on Italian data.

Demography↗
PubMed1993

Does migration arbitrage regional labor market differentials?

"This paper examines the determinants of regional migration [in the United States] in the 1980s using a place-to-place migration model in which migration flows depend upon the relative economic opportunities in the origin and destination regions. Using the results of the model, we then examine the potential role for migration in diffusing the economic pressures associated with disparate regional economic growth. Although the results reinforce the notion that divergent regional growth was an impetus to migration in the 1980s, estimates of the employment status of movers suggest that the true effects of migration on unemployment differentials may be quite small."

Americas↗
PubMed1990

A behavioral model of international labor and nonlabor migration: the case of Turkish movements to West Germany, 1960-1986.

"In this paper behavioral models of international labor and nonlabor migration are presented. The models are based on the concept of chain migration, where the immigrant stock, differentiated by the duration of stay, induces and directs future migration flows. Three roles of the immigrant stock in inducing the inflow of potential migrants are identified: provider of assimilation aid; transmitter of information; and source of family reunification. Operationalized versions of the models are empirically tested for Turkish labor and nonlabor migration to West Germany, 1960-86. The results support the importance of information for labor migrants, and reunification ties for nonlabor migrants."

Acculturation↗
PubMed1983

Factor rewards and the international migration of unskilled labor: a model with capital mobility.

"Conventional economic wisdom holds that the migration of unskilled labor from less developed countries to neighboring developed countries should be expected to narrow the wage gap between those countries, and thereby reduce the incentive for further migration. [The authors suggest that] if capital is mobile internationally this reasoning may be inappropriate. Instead, emigration of unskilled labor out of the less developed country provides an incentive for capital to leave the country, too. As a consequence, wage rates move in the same direction in each country, and the gap between wage rates across countries even may increase."

Demography↗
PubMed1989

China: surplus labour and migration.

Surplus labor force and migration trends in China are examined, with emphasis on the impact of underemployment in rural areas. "Government policy encourages surplus labourers to transfer out of crop farming into agricultural sidelines or non-agricultural work. Peasants are urged to stay where they are, shifting jobs without shifting location; however, many rural areas are poorly endowed for providing alternative employment, so their surplus workers must also leave the village to find work. Many do not formally migrate, but rather move on a seasonal basis or set up 'temporary' residence in an urban place. This 'floating' population has been escalating rapidly in recent years....[The authors argue] that China's cities and towns can absorb millions of surplus labourers from rural areas each year, to the mutual benefit of sending and receiving areas."

Agriculture↗
PubMed1995

The South-to-North migration of women.

"This article challenges the conventional wisdom that, since the circa 1974 discontinuation of policies encouraging temporary labor migration, female migration has significantly outnumbered male migration. Drawing on data from Belgium, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States, the article shows that the proportion of women in gross immigration is lower when the flows originate in developing rather than in developed countries. Women outnumber men only in terms of net migration. Each receiving country has its own variations on these generalizations, with the chief variables being the receiving countries' admission policies and the stage in migration history of the expatriate population."

Americas↗
PubMed1985

[Basic theoretical and methodological principles of developing a population and housing census program in the People's Republic of Bulgaria in 1985].

"Proceeding from the Marxist approach to the relation between population and social development, a significantly broader theoretical model of studying the population by means of the forthcoming [Bulgarian] census is justified." The model includes demographic, educational, and socioeconomic aspects, as well as labor force activity. The collection of data by means of sample surveys is assessed, with a focus on areas concerning fertility and reproductive behavior, migration, labor needs and resources, health, and the social system. (summary in ENG, RUS)

Bulgaria↗
PubMed1989

Public policy, local labor demand, and migration in Sweden, 1979-84.

"A model of private local labor demand and interjurisdictional migration is presented and estimated using data from Swedish counties and municipalities for 1979-84. Our goal is to compare the effects on local labor markets of distinctive public-sector programs with those of traditional market variables. We find that local income taxes and tax-equalization grants have important effects on local labor markets; regional development policy measures and geographical-mobility subsidies do not. Thus, recent efforts scaling back some of these programs may not materially alter the regional economy's performance. Wages and other traditional market variables are also often found to influence significantly local labor markets."

Demography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Regional migration of the labor force].

"This article proposes a separate modelisation of the emigration and the immigration of the labor force between regions. The model distinguishes the migration of the young entrants into the labor force from the rest." Estimates of migration are then obtained using French data for the inter-censal periods 1962-1968 and 1968-1975. Trends over time are also considered. (summary in ENG, SPA)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Seasonal migration: a risk factor for HIV infection in rural Senegal.

Sociodemographic and epidemiological data collected on a rural population of the Ziguinchor region of Senegal showed that a large part of the adult population, 80% of women between 15 and 24 years old and 82% of men between 20 and 40 years old, move each year on seasonal labor migrations to the main cities of Senegal or the Gambia or their proximity. In October 1990, an exhaustive seroprevalence survey of the population aged 20 years or older (3,230 persons tested) showed that 0.8% was HIV-2 and 0.1% HIV-1 seropositive. Interviews of 91 persons (24 seropositive persons and 67 seronegative controls) revealed that seropositivity was associated with a history of blood transfusions, injections, sexually transmitted diseases, and seasonal migration. Our findings suggest that in the rural area under study, beside a few cases of transmission by blood transfusion or injection, HIV-2 and HIV-1 are mainly transmitted first to adult men through sexual contacts with infected women met during their seasonal migration and second to their wives or regular partners once they are back home.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Politics of migration and the labor force. An approach for neo-corporatist arrangements].

The author examines the relationship between migration policy and the labor market in Switzerland. "The hypothesis we are developing in this article is that a neo-corporatist approach can explain how a migration policy is constructed. The process of this construction is in some way portending of the effects of this policy on the labor market and on the relations between the actors and organisations participating in it. This analysis is also an entry to some much more general problems that are linked with the implication of private actors in the public policies." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Administrative Personnel↗