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PubMed1995

Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in wild mammals of Missouri and east central Kansas: biologic and ecologic considerations of transmission.

Sera from 273 wild mammals from Missouri and Kansas (USA), collected between December 1974 and December 1987, were tested for the presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii using the Sabin-Feldman dye test. Sixty-five (24%) had antibodies at titers of > or = 1:8, including 38 (66%) of 58 carnivores, 14 (15%) of 94 omnivores, 13 (11%) of 117 herbivores, and none of four insectivores. The prevalence of antibodies in mice (Mus musculus and Peromyscus spp.) and rats (Rattus norvegicus and Sigmodon hispidus) was low (3%), while medium sized herbivores such as squirrels (Sciurus spp.), rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus), and muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) had prevalences of about 18%. Red foxes (Vulpes fulva) and mink (Mustela vison) had the highest prevalence of antibodies with frequencies of 90 and 66%, respectively. In 32 attempts to isolate Toxoplasma gondii from wild mammals with positive (> or = 1:4) titers, only six (19%) were successful: a gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), a beaver (Castor canadensis), an opossum (Didelphis marsupialis), a red fox and two mink. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the probability of infection with Toxoplasma gondii, and therefore prevalence of antibodies in wildlife, is greatest in carnivores.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Health status of a recently discovered population of feral swine in Kansas.

Twenty feral hogs (Sus scrofa) from a newly discovered population on Fort Riley Army Base (Kansas, USA) were shot and examined from November 1993 through February 1994 to assess the health of the population. The hogs were generally healthy, although serologic evidence indicated that some individuals had been exposed to parvovirus, enterovirus, and swine influenza. We found no indications of brucellosis, pseudorabies, or porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome. Lung worms (Metastrongylus spp.), round worms (Ascaris suum), and whipworms (Trichuris suis) were found in nine, four and two of the hogs, respectively. Seven hogs had infestations of lice (Haematopinus suis). Fence-line contacts were documented between four wild boars and domestic sows, and in three cases wild boars entered pens containing domestic sows. We recommend that hogs be examined periodically from this and other wild populations to monitor health status since new animals may enter populations through deliberate translocation, escape from shooting preserves or domestic swine producers, or dispersal from other feral populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Public knowledge, attitudes, and behavior toward Kansas mandatory seatbelt use: implications for public health policy.

State law and policies established by legislative bodies represent an important machinery for amplifying the effects of behavior change efforts in individuals and groups. This study shows the inter-relationships of public health policy, behavior, attitude, knowledge of the general public and how their outcomes can affect health and safety, policy formulation, enactment, implementation, policy evaluation and its revision or repeal. Observational and interview surveys of the driving public were conducted over an eighteen month period (1987-1989) in Kansas. Results showed major differences in the public's knowledge, attitudes, and behavior toward the new mandatory seatbelt law across different geographic locations of metropolitan, urban and suburban areas. The new law had the support of more than half of those interviewed. The public's knowledge and attitude on the seatbelt use and law were far from being ideal. Much work is needed to convince about 27% of the driving public who declared they never use their seatbelts and would ignore any law/policy that would force them to comply.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1999

Ascertainment of secondary cases of hepatitis A--Kansas, 1996-1997.

Each year, 25,000-30,000 cases of hepatitis A are reported in the United States. The most common infection source (22%-26%) is household or sexual contact with a person already infected with hepatitis A virus (HAV) (i.e., the source-patient). In Kansas during 1992-1997, contact with a source-patient was reported by 39% of persons with hepatitis A. Cases reported in 1996 and 1997 were studied retrospectively to determine the reasons for the apparently high proportion of secondary cases and to evaluate missed opportunities for prevention (i.e., postexposure prophylaxis with immune globulin [IG]). Results of this investigation indicate that persons with hepatitis A often were classified incorrectly as secondary cases and that some correctly identified secondary cases represented missed opportunities for prevention.

Hepatitis A↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of a replication of a multicomponent model for preventing adolescent pregnancy in three Kansas communities.

CONTEXT: A significant amount of attention has been devoted to the complex issue of teenage pregnancy and to programs for reducing pregnancy among adolescents. Careful evaluations of such programs are needed to ascertain what strategies will be most effective at reducing teenage pregnancy. METHODS: A pretest-posttest comparison group design was used to analyze the effects of a comprehensive multicomponent school and community intervention on estimated pregnancy rates and birthrates among young people in three Kansas communities: Geary County, Franklin County and selected neighborhoods of Wichita. RESULTS: There were high levels of program activity in all three communities during the intervention period, including teacher training and sexuality education for students. Survey respondents rated highly such project interventions as the extension of school-linked clinic hours to accommodate student schedules and support groups established in middle schools. Between 1994 and 1997, the proportions of adolescents reporting that they had ever had sex decreased significantly among all ninth and 10th graders in Geary County, from 51% to 38% among females and from 63% to 43% among males. In Franklin County, more males in grades 11 and 12 reported using condoms in 1996 (55%) than had done so in 1994 (39%). Age at first intercourse remained relatively stable in Franklin and Geary counties during the intervention period. The estimated pregnancy rate among adolescents aged 14-17 decreased between 1994 and 1997 in Geary Country, while it increased in comparison areas. The estimated pregnancy rates among 14-17-year-olds decreased in both Franklin County and its comparison communities. The birthrate declined both in one target area of Wichita and in its comparison area from 1991-1993 to 1994-1996. Over the same time period, the birthrate increased in a second target area of Wichita, while it decreased in the comparison community. CONCLUSIONS: This evaluation of a comprehensive multicomponent program for adolescent pregnancy prevention contributes to our understanding of this model and its replicability in diverse communities. Ongoing program evaluation is important for developing initiatives and for refining strategies so they respond to local conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Development of clinical pathways for stroke management: an example from Saint Luke's Hospital, Kansas City.

Clinical pathways for stroke are important tools for improved case management and outcome assessment. The clinical path created at St. Luke's Hospital in Kansas City is described here. It evolved through the collaboration of a multidisciplinary team of clinical experts and is still evolving. Ideally, a clinical path should be used as a guide rather than a standard of care, which is to be individualized for each patient. This article describes the methods for writing the pathways and how they are used for documentation. It also summarizes how the pathway data support stroke outcome assessment.

Case Management↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health status of northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) in eastern Kansas.

The health status of wild northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) from Lyon County, Kansas, was evaluated by conducting comprehensive health assessments on 25 birds. Gross lesions indicative of avian pox, ulcerative enteritis, and quail bronchitis were not present. Serologic tests for antibodies to Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella gallinarum, Pasteurella multocida, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, and avian adenoviruses were all negative. Intestinal coccidia (Eimeria spp.) were found in 36% of the birds. Only three species of helminth parasites were found: Dispharynx nasuta in two birds, Cyrnea colini in one bird, and larval Physaloptera sp. in four birds. Arthropod parasites (ticks, lice, mites, and/or chiggers) were present on 96% of the birds examined. Compared with wild bobwhite populations in the southeastern United States, the diversity, prevalence, and intensities of microbial and parasitic agents were low.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Cluster of tuberculosis cases among exotic dancers and their close contacts--Kansas, 1994-2000.

During January 2001, the Wichita-Sedgwick County Department of Community Health (WSCDCH), the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE), and CDC investigated a cluster of tuberculosis (TB) cases that occurred from 1994 to 2000 among women with a history of working as dancers in adult entertainment clubs (i.e., exotic dancers) and persons who were close contacts of exotic dancers. This report describes the results of the investigation and illustrates the need for early identification of TB clusters through ongoing surveillance and resources for health departments to respond rapidly to TB outbreaks.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Educational initiatives in long-term care--Midwest Bioethics Center's Kansas nursing home project.

Most Americans would doubtless agree that positive change is a critical need in facilities providing long-term care. This article describes a project currently underway in which Midwest Bioethics Center (MBC) staff and Kansas City area experts in long-term care are doing their part to create meaningful change in the way residents of nursing homes are cared for in the last chapter of their lives.

Communication↗
PubMed2002

Telemedicine in Kansas 1994-2001.

A longitudinal study of organizational issues affecting telemedicine adoption and diffusion in Kansas is presented. Key strategies highlighted include a centralized scheduling and coordinating process and leadership to oversee state activities.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1992

Syphilis--Ford County, Kansas, 1992.

In January 1992, the Ford County (Kansas) Health Department received a report of a pregnant women with a positive serologic test for syphilis. Syphilis had not been reported in the county (1990 population: 27,463) since September 1989. As a result of the investigation summarized in this report, six additional persons with syphilis were identified by contact tracing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Tuberculosis transmission in multiple correctional facilities--Kansas, 2002-2003.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a substantial health concern in correctional facilities; inmates and employees are at high risk, and TB outbreaks can lead to transmission in surrounding communities. The Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis (ACET) recommends that all correctional facilities have a written TB infection-control plan (TBICP). In September 2002, after diagnosis of smear-positive pulmonary TB in a prison inmate, the Kansas TB Control Program, with assistance from CDC, initiated a 6-month contact investigation. This report summarizes the results of that investigation, which determined that, while symptomatic for TB, the inmate had resided in three different jails and a state prison, placing hundreds of employees and other inmates at risk for TB infection. The circumstances of this case underscore the need for effective TBICPs to be implemented by trained employees in jails and prisons and for establishment of mechanisms to facilitate information-sharing between correctional facilities and local and state health departments.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Croatian implementation of a computer-based teaching program from the University of Kansas, USA.

AIM: To determine whether the students enrolled in the computer-based teaching program would take the final examination in pathology earlier than those who studied according to the previous traditional program. METHODS: The study included all medical students enrolled in the pathology course at the Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia, between 1995/96 and 2000/01 academic years. In the fall of 1998, computer-based teaching program from the University of Kansas was implemented at the Zagreb University School of Medicine, with 48 of the class of 225 students (20%) randomly enrolled in the program. The remaining 80% of students of the same class were enrolled in the traditional teaching program used at the Zagreb University School of Medicine. We compared the success of these two groups of students at the final pathology examination in the first term. Following this initial observational period, all students in the next two years (1999/00 and 2000/01), were enrolled in the computer-based teaching program. Pass rates of these students at the final examination taken in the first term were compared with the pass rates of students who studied according to the traditional teaching program during the period from 1995 to 1998. RESULTS: In 1998, 58.3% of students from the computer-based teaching program group chose to take the final examination in the first term, compared with only 32.2% of students from the traditional teaching program group (chi(2) (1)=10.97, P<0.001). Students in the computer based program had better final examination mean scores (-/+ standard deviation) than students in the traditional program (81.9-/+9.8 and 73.3-/+14.2, respectively; t=2.908, P=0.005). Upon the implementation of the computer-based teaching program for the entire class in 1999 and 2000, the number of students taking the final examination in the first term increased more than we expected on the basis of the data from the academic years 1995 to 1998 (chi(2) (5)=39.60, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The computer-based program introduced at the Zagreb University School of Medicine in 1998 had a positive effect on medical students, as evidenced by the fact that more students chose to take the final pathology examination in the first term and more of them passed the examination in the first attempt than those in the traditional teaching program.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2006

US: Kansas court strikes down harsher penalty for gay underage sex.

In October 2005, the Kansas Supreme Court struck down a law that would impose harsher penalties for same-sex statutory rape cases than for heterosexual cases. In arriving at its conclusion that the distinction had no rational basis, the Court noted that gay teenage sex is no more likely than adult or heterosexual sex to result in HIV transmission.

Coitus↗
PubMed1991

Communications with Kansas physicians.

The uneven geographic distribution of population, physicians and treatment facilities in Kansas may at times create difficulties in bringing unusual patient problems and needed medical expertise together. Technology currently exists for establishing communication links ranging from live, two-way, audio-video communication connections and computers to the common telephone. This survey indicates that the medical community has great interest in developing functional and cost-effective links. The two campuses of the medical school are working to provide better and broader communications access to the physicians of the state.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

Genetic structure of Mennonite populations of Kansas and Nebraska.

We describe the gene frequency distributions for 29 different blood group, serum, and erythrocytic proteins for three Mennonite communities from Kansas and Nebraska and compare their gene frequencies with those of Amish, Hutterite, and Mennonite populations using the topological method of Harpending and Jenkins (1973). Subdivision of these communities into congregations reveals that the "fission-fusion'h model best characterizes the relationship between the genetic patterns and historical events. These Mennonite populations, although reproductively isolated at the turn of this century, are presently entering the mainstream of US rural culture.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗