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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Evaluation of two years of mass chemotherapy against ascariasis in Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mass treatment of ascariasis in rural areas of Hamadan Province, Islamic Republic of Iran. METHODS: A control programme in rural areas of Hamadan Province, which began in November 1997, involved giving all persons a single dose of 400 mg albendazole at intervals of three months. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by the formalin-ether concentration technique for stool examination and by the Stoll quantitative method. FINDINGS: The average rate of infection with Ascaris before treatment was 53.3%, ranging from 40% in Hamadan district to 75% in Toysercan. Two areas, Malayer and Nahavand, were excluded from the programme because the infection rates were only 13% and 4%, respectively. After two years of mass treatment the infection rate had decreased to 6%. The proportion of positive cases excreting only unfertilized eggs increased to 32%. No side-effects of mass treatment were observed. CONCLUSION: Systematic mass treatment giving high coverage proved to be very effective in the control of ascariasis, notwithstanding a lack of other preventive measures.

Albendazole↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Successfully meeting population goals. Islamic Republic of Iran.

The Islamic Republic of Iran has achieved success in attaining several population goals noted H.E. A. Arabmazar, head of that country's delegation to the 53rd session of the Commission. During the last decade "the infant mortality rate declined from 44/1000 to 26/1000 live births. Life expectancy rose from 61 to 68 years and the literacy rate increased from 62.2% to 85%," he informed the Commission. Further, the population growth rate has declined from 3.2% to 1.7%, he added. Another Iranian representative at the Senior Officials segment of the meeting said that poverty alleviation measures implemented in recent years by the Government have dramatically reduced the incidence of poverty. The number of people living below the poverty line has fallen to 17% of the total population compared with 47% at the end of the decade of the 1970s. Among the measures implemented by the country is the provision of health care, including a very successful family planning program. Others are human resources development and creating productive employment opportunities. "Sustained employment is a major means of poverty alleviation," said the Iranian delegate. "It is essential that programs of human resources development aim at enabling the poor to become qualified for employment opportunities. Moreover, greater attention should be given to the expansion and improvement of social services and the empowerment and capability building of the poor." Currently, a poverty alleviation bill is being discussed by the Parliament and, if it is ratified, will be implemented from 1997.

Asia↗
PubMed2002

Musculoskeletal disabilities among police force personnel of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Musculoskeletal disorders are among the most common causes of disability in the military population. The objectives of this study were to assess the frequency of musculoskeletal disabilities in police force personnel and to determine the association between disabilities and age, rank, and different job types. The population studied were 2600 Islamic Republic of Iran police force disability cases from March 1997 to March 1998. Ninth revision of International Classification of Diseases was used to indicate diagnoses. The frequency of disabilities related to musculoskeletal disorders was 25.7%. Back disabilities were the most common musculoskeletal problems. Patients with back disabilities were older on average than patients with other musculoskeletal disorders (p < 0.001). Back disabilities were more common in commissioned officers (third lieutenant to colonel) than other police force personnel (p < 0.0001). On the contrary, fractures and dislocations were more common in noncommissioned officers (sergeant to warrant officer) (p < 0.001). There were associations between specific jobs and musculoskeletal disabilities. According to present data, musculoskeletal disorders account for one-quarter of disability cases in police force personnel. Prevention programs, especially in high-risk groups, should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with aminosidine (paromomycin) ointment: double-blind, randomized trial in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the parasitological and clinical efficacy of four weeks versus two weeks of treatment with aminosidine (paromomycin) ointment in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major in the Islamic Republic of Iran. METHODS: Double-blind, randomized trial of four weeks of aminosidine ointment (n = 108) vs two weeks of aminosidine ointment and two weeks of placebo (n = 108). Patients were assessed on days 15, 29, 45, and 105 for clinical cures and clinical and parasitological cures. FINDINGS: Four weeks' treatment gave significantly better cure rates than two weeks' treatment: on day 29, there were 80/108 (74%) vs 64/108 (59%) clinical cures (P = 0.05) and 47 (44%) vs 26 (24%) clinical and parasitological cures (P = 0.005). By day 45, fewer patients who received four weeks' treatment had required rescue treatment with antimonials than those who received two weeks' treatment: 20 (19%) vs 36 (33%) (P = 0.02). On day 105, the results still favoured those who had been allocated four weeks of active treatment, but the differences were no longer as clearly significant. No side-effects were observed or reported. CONCLUSION: Approximately two-thirds of patients given ointment for four weeks were cured clinically. Although about half of those cured might have recovered spontaneously even without treatment, four weeks of aminosidine ointment could become the first-line treatment for uncomplicated cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. major, with antimonials needed in only the one-third of patients not cured by the end of treatment with aminosidine. This would considerably reduce the costs and side-effects associated with antimonial drugs.

Antiprotozoal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of children's cycling injuries in Ahwaz, Islamic Republic of Iran.

A one-year study was carried out in Ahwaz, Islamic Republic of Iran to investigate the epidemiology of children's cycling injuries. Children 15 years old or younger taken to the accident and emergency (A&E) departments of all urban hospitals due to cycling injury were investigated, and their parents interviewed by questionnaire. During the study, 1079 children presented to A&E departments with cycling injuries (78.8% boys and 21.2% girls), representing 4.9% of all children presenting with injuries. The most frequent injury sites were the street (51.9%) and the home (42.3%), and the head was the part of the body most frequently injured (55.0%). None of the injured children was using a cycling helmet at the time of injury. This study suggests mandatory helmet use, safety regulations and educational programmes for bicycle riders should be established in our community

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of Leishmania parasites isolated from provinces of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Leishmania parasites isolated in the Islamic of Iran were studied by a random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). Of 82 isolates, 80 were from cutaneous lesions, 1 from a human throat lesion and 1 from a dog. Of these, 42 isolates were L. tropica, 36 were L. major and 2 were L. infantum. There were 2 unidentified isolates (from the throat lesion and a cutaneous lesion) and these demonstrated 52% and 48% similarity with L. tropica and L. infantum. Both L. tropica and L. major were isolated from four provinces indicating a recent change in the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis. L. tropica was isolated from three provinces; L. major from one province. L. infantum was isolated from a human cutaneous lesion and from a dog in Bushehr province.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Thrombocytopenia in HIV-infected patients, Islamic Republic of Iran.

Thrombocytopenia is a blood dyscrasia common in AIDS patients that may result from increased viral load and diminished CD4 T lymphocytes. We evaluated the rate of thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100 000/microL) in 170 HIV-infected patients (161 males and 9 females) from May 2000-April 2001 in Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran. All except 7 females were injecting drug users. While 34 patients had thrombocytopenia, 3 had severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 20 000/microL). Although prevalence was similar in various stages of HIV infection (18.5%-22.5%), severe thrombocytopenia was in patients with CD4 T cell count < 200 cells/microL. There were no other associated conditions. Mild thrombocytopenia is common in HIV-infected patients in our region.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Molecular characterization of the Anopheles maculipennis complex in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

A diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using species-specific primers and direct sequencing was used to identify members of the Anopheles maculipennis complex in the north-west and central regions of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Specimens were collected from 9 provinces during 2 seasonal activities in 2001-2002, identified morphologically and subjected to PCR assay and direct sequencing. Results showed that only 2 species, An. maculipennis Meigen, and An. sacharovi Faver, were present in the area of study. This was confirmed by the high similarity (99.2%-100%) of their sequences with those available in GenBank. The molecular data and relative distribution of these species in relation to their vectorial capacity and the epidemiology of malaria in the region are discussed.

Altitude↗
PubMed2003

Knowledge, perceptions and prevention of malaria among women in Sistan va Baluchestan, Islamic Republic of Iran.

A questionnaire about malaria knowledge, beliefs and practices was given to a random sample of 2168 married women from rural and urban areas of Sistan va Baluchestan, Islamic Republic of Iran. The mean knowledge score of subjects was low at 5.5 (maximum 15.0). Few respondents (37.6%) knew that malaria was an important disease in the area and only 58.4% knew that malaria was transmitted by mosquitoes. Most subjects (69.4%) never used a mosquito net. Only 49.9% of rural and 73.8% of urban residents would seek care for fever and chills from the local health centre. Community health workers (behvarz) were the main source of information (29.5%) for rural women; the role of physicians in education was minimal. Subsequent health education must be tailored to the educational needs of the target population in this area.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in a primary health care centre in Fars Province, Islamic Republic of Iran.

This study determined the prevalence of atrial fibrillation at a primary health care centre in Fars province of the Islamic Republic of Iran. All ambulatory people aged > or = 50 years visiting the centre between April and October 2001 were screened for atrial fibrillation using a standard 12-lead ECG. The mean +/- SD age of participants was 64.0 +/- 8.9 years. Of 463 participants aged 50-79 years, 13 (2.8%) had atrial fibrillation (median age 74 years), significantly more women (10/230) than men (3/233). Unlike previous studies in industrialized countries, the prevalence tripled with each decade of life and increased significantly from 0.6% in the 50-59 years to 6.4% in the 70-79 years age group. With increasing longevity in some developing countries, atrial fibrillation and consequently stroke may become major health problems.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics of tuberculosis patients in Yazd province, Islamic Republic of Iran, 1997-99.

We determined the incidence of tuberculosis and some demographic characteristics among 604 patients in a 3-year period (1997-99) in Yazd province, Islamic Republic of Iran. The average annual rate of tuberculosis was 26.8 per 100 000 (22.9 in males and 31.0 per 100 000 in females). The highest rate of tuberculosis was in the > 50 years age group (111.1 per 100 000). The average annual proportion of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases was 75.8% and 24.2% respectively. On average 66.7% of TB patients were cured, 8.4% transferred to a different catchment area, 17.7% were treatment failures and 7.1% died. Of the total, 63.2% were Iranian, 36.1% Afghan refugees. Despite efforts in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of patients and refugees, tuberculosis is still an important problem in this province.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Influenza surveillance in the Islamic Republic of Iran from 1991 to 2001.

To better understand the annual distribution of influenza virus in our country, we isolated and typed 45 viruses from 1043 patients with acute respiratory illnesses in a 10-year study conducted by the National Influenza Centre of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The seasonal distribution of influenza typically ran from November to April. Type A influenza was most common during the winters of 1991-92, 1997-98 and 2000-01 and type B influenza was most common during 1992-5 and 1996-97. Both type A and type B viruses circulated in 1995-96 and 1998-2000. A serological survey based on haemagglutination inhibition test confirmed our findings. The annual pattern of strains isolated was similar to the worldwide pattern during the same interval.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of availability, accessibility and prescribing pattern of medicines in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Prescribing, dispensing, availability and affordability of drugs were evaluated in 100 primary health care centres in 5 provinces of the Islamic Republic of Iran using WHO indicators. On average, 92% of the 12 essential drugs monitored were available in the health centre pharmacies and 95% of the drugs prescribed by the physician were dispensed by the health centre pharmacy. The stock-out duration was less than 1 month on average. A complete treatment for pneumonia cost only 2% of the lowest weekly government salary. The national average number of drugs per prescription was 3.4. Prescription of antibiotics and injectable drugs was very high (58% and 41% respectively). Although availability and affordability of essential drugs is good in this country, rational use of drugs needs to be emphasized.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2004

Normal uterine size in women of reproductive age in northern Islamic Republic of Iran.

To determine the efficacy of ultrasonographic assessment of uterus size in women of reproductive age, we conducted a cross-sectional analytic study of 231 women aged 15-45 years in Babol, northern Islamic Republic of Iran. Mean uterus size was 86.6 mm x 49.6 mm x 40.6 mm overall, 72.8 mm x 42.8 mm x 32.4 mm for nulliparous women and 90.8 mm x 51.7 mm x 43.0 mm for multiparous women. Mean age was 31.7 +/- 9.6 years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.7 +/- 4.0 kg/m2. Uterus size was significantly associated with parity and age; but not with BMI. Our findings show a greater mean uterus size than reported by others. Ultrasonographic measurement of uterus size is valuable for predicting pathologies associated with abnormal uterine size.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Larvicidal activity of a neem tree extract (Neemarin) against mosquito larvae in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

An insecticide containing azadirachtin, a neem tree (Azadirachta indica) extract, was tested against mosquito larvae in the Islamic Republic of Iran under laboratory and field conditions. LC50 and LC90 values for Neemarin were 0.35 and 1.81 mg/L for Anopheles stephensi, the main local malaria vector, and 0.69 and 3.18 mg/L for Culex quinquefasciatus. The mortality in the pupal stage was significantly higher than the other stages. In field trials, using recommended dosages of 1 and 2 L/hectare, mortality of Anopheles spp. larvae was also higher than Culex spp. Prevention of adult emerged and pupal mortality was the main activity of this compounds. The maximum time of efficacy was 7 days at the highest concentration (2 L/hectare).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of Leishmania infection in rodents from endemic areas of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Between 1991-2000, Leishmania species were isolated and characterized by isoenzyme and molecular analysis from rodents caught in various parts of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In areas endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis, parasites were observed by direct microscopy in smears from 18.6% of 566 specimens. L. major was isolated from 4 species: Rhombomys opimus, Meriones libycus, Tatera indica and Mer. hurrianae. L. turanica was isolated from R. opimus for the first time in this country. In endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis, parasites were observed in liver and spleen from 13.7% of 504 rodents. Two species were positive on culture; promastigotes isolated from Mer. persicus were characterized as L. donovani zymodeme LON50 and from Mesocricetus auratus as L. infantum LON49.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Multidisciplinary intervention for reducing malnutrition among children in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

A multidisciplinary intervention to reduce protein-energy malnutrition among children in rural areas was piloted in 3 provinces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Based on an initial situation analysis, a range of interventions were implemented through local nongovernmental organizations, including nutrition, health and literacy education for mothers, improved growth monitoring and fostering rural cooperatives and income generation schemes. Malnutrition before and after the intervention (in 1996 and 1999) was assessed using anthropometric measurements of random samples of children aged 6-35 months in control and intervention areas. Three years into the intervention, all indicators of malnutrition had consistently decreased in all intervention areas and the prevalence of underweight and stunting was significantly lower. Control areas showed a mixed pattern of small increases and decreases in malnutrition indicators.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The diabetes prevention and control programme of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Diabetes mellitus has become a monumental problem and a major health concern throughout the world. We report on the programme developed by the Islamic Republic of Iran for control and management of diabetes, which involves screening for type 2 diabetes in adults at risk and a systematic approach for delivery of health care to people with diabetes.

Algorithms↗