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Results for “Image Enhancement”

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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Magnetic resonance imaging enhanced by superparamagnetic iron oxide particles in detecting lymph node metastasis of tumors: an experimental study].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO) in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for detecting lymph node metastasis of tumors. METHODS: Twelve New Zealand rabbits were used in this study, 6 of which received unilateral intra-muscular inoculation of VX2 carcinoma cells to induce lymph node metastasis of the tumor, and the other 6 served as normal control group. MR images of the lymph nodes of the rabbits were obtained before and 12 h after subcutaneous injection of SPIO, followed by image analysis in correlation with pathological examinations. RESULTS: On plain MR images, normal and metastatic lymph nodes showed similar signal characteristics. After administration of SPIO, the signal intensity of both normal lymph nodes and metastatic ones remained unchanged in spin echo (SE) T1-weighted images. On SE T2-weighted images, the signal intensity of normal lymph nodes significantly decreased heterogeneously, while that of all metastatic lymph nodes remained unchanged. In gradient recalled echo (GRE) T2-weighted images, the signal intensity of normal lymph nodes decreased significantly and homogeneously, while that of 4 rabbits in metastasis group remained unchanged, with the signal intensity in the other 2 rabbits decreased heterogeneously. CONCLUSION: SPIO-enhanced MR imaging can be applied to detect lymph node metastasis of the tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Gaining insight: improved images enhance understanding.

The past several decades have witnessed dramatic advances in the technology of image acquisition and display. There have been some parallel but less spectacular advances in understanding human acquisition and analysis of visual information. For the first time, imaging devices are available that allow the operator to determine the brightness relationships between normal and pathologic structures. For the first time too, it is becoming possible for the community of scientists interested in medical imaging to marry knowledge of human observer performance with the capabilities of the modern display devices to permit maximum information extraction from medical images.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

The use of band-selectable digital filtering in magnetic resonance image enhancement.

Manipulation of the data describing two-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) images can be used to zoom an image, decrease image noise and artifacts by modeling, or emphasize object edges in the field of view. In this paper, a two-dimensional band-selectable digital filtering (2D-BSDF) technique is detailed. This can be used to decrease the computational burden and increase algorithm stability associated with such data manipulation. Many display devices have the ability of expanding an image by pixel or linear interpolation. Application of the efficient zooming fast Fourier transformation algorithms provides a superior quality sinc-function interpolated image. In 2D-BSDF, the ideal rectangular windows used in sinc-function interpolation are replaced by windows with a more gradual roll-off. This gradual roll-off results in a slight degradation of the image edges but substantially reduces the computation time. Modeling of MRI data has been attempted to remove noise and artifacts from the image. These algorithms are computationally expensive and frequently unstable because of the high model orders required. The 2D-BSDF can be used to prepare a reduced data set, without loss of information. A lower order model may be applied to the subset and computation times approaching that required for normal fast Fourier transform algorithms result. The absence of noise and signal from objects outside the region of interest can considerably enhance the stability of the modeling algorithms. The use of BSDF is equally applicable when used in association with the modeling of 2D NMR spectroscopy data or with edge enhancement or any other data manipulation of magnetic resonance imaging images. In this paper an explanation of 1D-BSDF is provided and an algorithm for 2D-BSDF is developed. A comparison of filter designs and computational times is given when applying the technique to zooming and modeling of MR images. Images from medical MRI data are provided.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy and dynamic contrast enhanced imaging of the prostate gland.

The quantitation of in vivo 1H MR spectroscopy and dynamic contrast enhanced MR imaging is described for patients with histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma and benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Results are presented which suggest that combined use of these techniques may be helpful in improving the characterization of prostate pathologies and ultimately increase the staging accuracy of magnetic resonance.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Image enhancement for electronic visual prostheses.

This paper briefly describes the framework of artificial human vision systems and identifies several image processing techniques which could enhance the information content of artificially-induced images. We describe our own research in this area, which aims to assess the performance of proposed devices, specifically the usefulness of low quality images associated with electronic visual prostheses. Our subjective assessment studies using representative test patterns have investigated how much information and what types of information are needed to recognise or perceive a scene. 174 normally sighted subjects viewed a set of low quality (low spatial resolution and low grey-scale) static images. Results from this testing has identified informative image processing operations which lead to improved understanding of picture content.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Breast ultrasound image enhancement using fuzzy logic.

Breast cancer is still a serious disease in the world. Early detection is very essential for breast cancer prevention and diagnosis. Breast ultrasound (US) imaging has been proven to be a valuable adjunct to mammography in the detection and classification of breast lesions. Because of the fuzzy and noisy nature of the US images and the low contrast between the breast cancer and tissue, it is difficult to provide an accurate and effective diagnosis. This paper presents a novel algorithm based on fuzzy logic that uses both the global and local information and has the ability to enhance the fine details of the US images while avoiding noise amplification and overenhancement. We normalize the images and then fuzzify the normalized images based on the maximum entropy principle. Edge and textural information are extracted to describe the lesion features and the scattering phenomenon of US images and the contrast ratio measuring the degree of enhancement is computed and modified. The defuzzification process is used to obtain the enhanced US images. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach, the algorithm was tested on 86 breast US images. Experimental results confirm that the proposed method can effectively enhance the details of the breast lesions without overenhancement or underenhancement.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

In vivo accuracy and reliability of color-coded image enhancements for the assessment of periradicular lesion dimensions.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare dimensions on charge-coupled device-acquired images under various enhancements with dimensions on film radiographs and in vivo dimensions with respect to the linear measurement of periradicular radiolucent lesions. STUDY DESIGN: The dimensions of 25 lesions imaged by means of a charge-coupled device-based digital receptor and Ektaspeed Plus radiographic film were measured and compared with dimensions as actually measured on impressions of the lesions taken during surgery. Digital images were displayed in unenhanced, equalized, and equalized/color-coded modes. The color-coding protocol was repeated to determine the method error, and each image treatment was also remeasured to determine intrarater reliability. Differences were compared through use of a Friedman 2-way analysis of variance with a follow-up Wilcoxon signed rank test (alpha = 0.01). RESULTS: Actual lesion dimensions were larger than dimension estimates obtained with digital images (range, 23% to 35%) and film radiographs (range, 29% to 43%). Color-coded images were significantly less accurate than equalized images and unenhanced images. Images equalized through use of the measurement algorithm of the resident software provided estimates that were more accurate than estimates made with film radiographs and a standard millimeter rule. Intrarater variability was low. The application of color coding was found to be unreliable. CONCLUSIONS: When applied to intraoral images, color-coded image processing of digital images had limited value in the estimation of periradicular lesional dimensions.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1987

Image enhancement of the mandibular condyle through digital subtraction.

The use of conventional radiography to visualize the mandibular condylar articulating surface is limited by the superimposition of surrounding bony elements, which can be termed structured noise. This study investigated the application of digital subtraction to reduce such noise. Two conventional radiographs were made of a temporomandibular joint: first a reference radiograph with the condyle seated in the glenoid fossa (simulating a patient with mouth closed), then a radiograph from the identical orientation but with the condyle translated slightly downward and forward (simulating mouth partially opened). The radiographs were digitized and, on a pixel-by-pixel basis, the intensity value of the second image was subtracted from the reference image to produce a third, subtracted image. The subtracted image provided a significantly improved visualization of the condyle's superior surface.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Image enhancement by digital-analog filtration. I. Technical description of device.

A device for general (10 x 10 pixels) image filtration of 24 cm x 30 cm roentgenograms in the image domain (10(6) pixels) is described. It combines analog and digital techniques and records the processed image on film in the same scale as the original. Results from preliminary tests of the equipment are reported and it is concluded that it yields images with increased perceptibility of large-scale objects of low photographic contrast in the presence of disturbing structures of high spatial frequency and comparably high photographic contrast.

Bone and Bones↗