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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

The hazards of myelography.

The history of myelography and reactions to various contrast media is reviewed. Air is completely absorbed without producing long-term side effects. Lipiodol and Pantopaque are not absorbed and residual medium in the spinal canal can cause arachnoiditis. Other agents as Diodrast and Thorotrast never gained widespread acceptance. The water-soluble Dimer-X and Conray 60 have come into prominence but they are not totally without reactions. Recently a new water-soluble nonionic contrast medium has been developed in Norway. Metrizamide (Amipaque) has the same overall density as other water-soluble media but produces fewer reactions.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1982

Comparative study: Endografine (diatrizoate), Vasurix polyvidone (acetrizoate), Dimer-X (iocarmate) and Hexabrix (ioxaglate) in hysterosalpingography.

Side effects of hysterosalpingography with Dimer-X, Hexabrix, Vasurix polyvidone and Endografine in 142 consecutive patients, receiving one of the four tested media were evaluated from replies to postal questionnaires. The Dimer-X group had a higher incidence of nausea and dizziness. The Endografine group had a higher incidence of abdominal pain. These differences occur especially in the age groups under 30 years. Hexabrix and Vasurix polyvidone are considered the best contrast media for hysterosalpingography and perhaps because of its low toxicity Hexabrix should be preferred.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

Absence of myocardial biochemical toxicity with a nonionic contrast agent (iopamidol).

To evaluate the myocardial metabolic effects of a new nonionic contrast agent, iopamidol, a randomized, double-blind study was performed comparing iopamidol with sodium meglumine diatrizoate (Renografin-76) in 23 patients with ischemic heart disease. Coronary sinus and arterial metabolic samples were obtained prior to and during the 20-minute period following the contrast left ventriculogram. Ten patients received iopamidol and 13 received Renografin-76. The chemical lactate extraction in the iopamidol group was 13 +/- 9% prior to left ventriculography and 17 +/- 12% following the contrast injection (p less than 0.005). In the Renografin-76 group, the lactate extraction was 23 +/- 13% and decreased significantly to 12 +/- 24% following the ventriculogram (p less than 0.01). In a subset of these patients (n = 10), [1-(14)C] lactate was infused as a tracer to quantitate the amount of lactate released by the myocardium. [1-(14)C] lactate analysis demonstrated that the fall in lactate extraction ratio following Renografin-76 was due to an increase in myocardial lactate release. In the Renografin-76 group there was a 53 +/- 37% increase in lactate release at 10 minutes after contrast agent injection (p less than 0.005), while in the iopamidol patients there was no significant change in lactate release following contrast ventriculography. The increase in lactate release in the Renografin-76 group suggests that myocardial ischemia is induced with this ionic contrast agent. In comparison, the nonionic contrast agent is less toxic to the myocardium and is not associated with the biochemical changes of cellular ischemia.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modification of platelet aggregation and thromboxane synthesis by intravascular contrast media.

Radiographic contrast media (RCM) decreased significantly platelet aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) after addition of arachidonic acid (AA) or adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Unlike hypertonic saline, diatrizoate, ioxaglate, and iopamidol (40 and 160 mM) inhibited AA-induced aggregation. One hundred sixty mM ioxaglate inhibited slightly the concomitant formation of immunoreactive thromboxane B2 (TXB2). The ionic RCM ioxaglate (40 and 160 mM) and diatrizoate (160 mM), but not the nonionic iopamidol, decreased the ADP-induced aggregation more than hypertonic saline. When PRP was incubated with different RCM without any aggregating agents or with ADP, the formation of TXB2 was negligible. Results of this study show that inhibition of AA- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation by RCM is partly due to hypertonicity and partly related to the chemical structure of the RCM molecule. The inhibition of AA-induced aggregation is not caused by the lack of formation of aggregatory TXA2.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1978

Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies of ioglicinate, a new contrast medium for intravenous urography.

The new amino acid-bound contrast medium ioglicinate was first of all studied in respect of its pharmacokinetics in comparison to iothalamate and amidotrizoate in groups of 4 patients. The distribution volume was very similar for all 3 substances. Ioglicinate was found to have the shortest half-life. The elimination of the contrast media studied was mainly via the kidneys. The plasma protein binding of ioglicinate was again lower than that of amidotrizoate and iothalamate. These good experimental results were confirmed for ioglicinate in respect of the tolerance and opacification in a subsequently conducted clinical double-blind study in groups of 50 patients in comparison with iothalamate.

Aged↗