Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Childhood physical and emotional abuse by a parent: transference effects in adult interpersonal relations.

Extending research on transference and the relational self (Andersen & Chen, 2002), female undergraduates with or without a history of physical and emotional abuse by a loved parent participated in an experiment manipulating parental resemblance and threat-relevant interpersonal context in a new person. Transference elicited differences not evident in the control condition between abused and nonabused participants' responses, with greater rejection expectancy, mistrust, dislike, and emotional indifference reported by abused participants. Immediate implicit affect was more positive in transference than in the control condition regardless of abuse history. Yet, abused participants in transference also reported increased dysphoria that was markedly attenuated when interpersonal threat was primed, and no such pattern occurred among nonabused participants. Evidence that interpersonally guarded and affectively complex responses are triggered in transference among previously abused individuals suggests that this social-cognitive process may underlie long-term interpersonal difficulties associated with parental abuse.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Intersubjectivity and interpersonal relations of schizophrenics].

Original accounts of an introspectively and linguistically highly gifted schizophrenic woman serve as a means to reflect about the meaning of the concept of intersubjectivity in the sense of Husserl, the constitution of self and world and its failure in the schizophrenic ego disorder. Concerning general psychopathology, there can be attempted to propose a typology of disordered intersubjectivity and consequently interpersonality. Psychotherapy of schizophrenics means reconstruction of intersubjectivity.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Careers of mentally retarded young persons: services, jobs, and interpersonal relations.

Life histories and follow-up data at age 22 were obtained for a total city population of children classified as mentally retarded (index cases). Histories were also obtained at age 22 from matched comparisons who at no time had been classified as retarded. Matching was on age, sex, and social background. Placement at school-leaving age and major occupation at age 22 were reported for the index population. Those 22-year-old index cases not receiving mental retardation services and their matched comparisons were examined on objective and subjective measures of the jobs they held and selected indicators of interpersonal relationships.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2007

Embodied simulation: from mirror neuron systems to interpersonal relations.

A direct form of 'experiential understanding' of others is achieved by modelling their behaviours as intentional experiences on the basis of the equivalence between what the others do and feel and what we do and feel. This modelling mechanism is embodied simulation. By means of embodied simulation we do not just 'see' an action, an emotion, or a sensation. Side by side with the sensory description of the observed social stimuli, internal representations of the body states associated with actions, emotions, and sensations are evoked in the observer, as if he/she would be doing a similar action or experiencing a similar emotion or sensation. Mirror neurons are likely the neural correlate of this mechanism. The mirror neuron matching systems map the different intentional relations in a compressed fashion, which is neutral about the specific quality or identity of the agentive/subjective parameter. By means of a shared neural state realized in two different bodies that nevertheless obey to the same functional rules, the 'objectual other' becomes 'another self'.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The effects of personality and interpersonal relations on crew performance during space simulation studies.

There has been a substantial increase in the number of people living and operating in isolated, confined, and artificially engineered environments, such as spacecraft, deep diving, weather stations, submarines, and polar outposts. This article gives an overview of research undertaken in a variety of extreme environments in an effort to better understand how semiautonomous, task-oriented groups operating within these environments develop over time, as well as identification of the individual characteristics that promote performance under such circumstances. Research reviewed includes space simulation studies for the European Space Agency (ESA) where groups were isolated in hyperbaric chambers, as well as findings from polar expeditions, space missions, submarine missions, and other military settings. Findings from the space simulation studies in hyperbaric chambers provided empirical evidence for interpersonal issues anecdotally reported in Antarctica and in other isolated, operational team environments, such as "scapegoating" of deviant crew members, displacement of aggression to outside personnel, and time patterns in psychological reactions. No indications of a "psychological limit" for how long people can tolerate remaining in isolation and confinement were found. Certain personality characteristics were consistently associated with coping, and individuals characterized by strong achievement motivation combined with interpersonal sensitivity seemed to adapt better than others. Together, these results have implications for selection and training of people operating within extreme environments.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

[Crises in interpersonal relations--stimulation or blocking of mutual growth?].

Time and again, couples have to cope with changes and challenges (e.g. choice of partner, marriage, childbirth and upbringing, retirement, infirmity, etc.) which cause stress and crises to their relationship. They may try to forestall such pressing changes by entering a collusion and clinging to well-established solutions. In the therapy of chronic relational crises, it has to be taken into consideration that in case of a divorce, the partners often have no real possibilities to make a new start, and that it is often more useful to support the actual coping strategies of the couple. In urgent crises, it is recommended that the therapist structures even cuts off the partners' interactions through separation or the intervention of third parties. Only when calm has been obtained should the actual conflict be treated.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

[Psychoanalytic setting and technic as forms of interpersonal relations].

Psychoanalytic attitude, technique and setting are considered forms of real human interaction which the patient will internalize during the course of analysis. Using case material, some of the aspects of "classic" technique are compared to different forms of pathogenic interaction in the patients' families. It can be demonstrated that the same behavior on the part of the analyst can have quite different effects, depending on the interaction pattern internalized. Some aspects of technique may effect a new interactional experience or may be re-traumatizing or may be a joint acting out of a defense pattern. As the effect will mostly be due to the previous experience of the patient, not a general change, but flexibility in the use of technique is warranted. Such flexibility would also be apt to prevent "professional deformation" (Déformation professionelle) in the analyst.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Agreement among judges of personality: interpersonal relations, similarity, and acquaintanceship.

Personality judgments of 184 targets were provided by the self, college acquaintances, hometown acquaintances, parents, and strangers. Study 1 found that knowing the target in the same context enhanced but was not necessary for interjudge agreement and that acquaintances who had never met agreed with each other as well as those who had met. Study 2 found that personality judgements by acquaintances manifested much better interjudge and self-other agreement than did judgments by strangers. Acquaintances were not more similar to their targets than were strangers, and their accuracy derived more from their distinctive judgment of the target than from assumed similarity. These results rule out overlap, communication, and assumed similarity as necessary bases of interjudge agreement and thereby support the simpler hypothesis that interjudge agreement stems from mutual accuracy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Awareness of death and interpersonal relations in induced abortion].

So far no research has been carried out into the way in which women come to terms with abortion. There are four levels of experience. First, normal psychological experience, with feelings of guilt, reproach, stability, indifference; deeper awareness is suppressed with the aid of forms of defense such as scientific objectivism, positivism, and reductionism. This level is sociopsychologically well documented. Second, breakthrough of destructive deep awareness, with chaos and panic, revulsion and hate-this level is being researched by psychoanalytic methods. Third, acceptance of existential reality, experiencing guilt at having been party to killing a child. Fourth, responsibility and a feeling of guilt toward the dead child; it is here that the interhuman relationship is fulfilled, because the mental image of the child becomes like and independent being. Only at this point does full awareness of death occur. "He who knows the invisible, which has no material substance, but nevertheless an effect, is a physician."

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1994

Transference in interpersonal relations: inferences and affect based on significant-other representations.

Based on an information-processing model of transference and a recent experimental demonstration of transference, defined in terms of "biased inference and memory" (Andersen & Cole, 1990), the present research examined the transfer of affective responses to a new individual, as in schema-triggered affect (Fiske, 1982). Using idiographic stimulus-generation procedures and a nomothetic experimental design, we exposed subjects to a description of a new, unknown person, allegedly seated next door. The description resembled either a positively or negatively toned significant other from the subject's own life or from another subject's life. As predicted, and replicating previous work, subjects misremembered the target person as having more representation-consistent features when the target resembled their own significant other rather than someone else's. Moreover, and also as predicted, subjects transferred more representation-consistent affect to this same target person. The data are discussed in terms of conceptions of transference and basic aspects of social cognition.

Affect↗
PubMed2006

Psychological well-being in adolescence: the contribution of interpersonal relations and experience of being alone.

This study investigated the influence of loneliness and relationships with parents and friends on the psychological well-being or adolescent malaise. Data were collected via two questionnaires (LLCA-Marcoen, Goossens & Caes, 1987; TRI-Bracken, 1996) from a sample of 330 Italian adolescents, males and females, aged between 11 and 19. As hypothesized, results showed that a positive relationship with friends and parents promotes psychological well-being in adolescents and reduces malaise. In addition, the study showed that the adolescents were able to distinguish between different states of loneliness; on one hand they could recognize the pain of isolation and social refusal, and on the other, they could recognize the pleasant dimension of loneliness, according to the age and sex. Therefore loneliness can be a risk for the adolescent's well-being if it is caused by social refusal, but it can also be a developmental need (parallel to the need for attachment), and can promote psychological well-being when adolescents choose to be alone.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

A Rorschach investigation of defensiveness, self-perception, interpersonal relations, and affective states in incarcerated pedophiles.

Rorschach protocols of 60 incarcerated men who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. [DSM-IV]; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria for Pedophilia were compared to those of 60 incarcerated men with no history of sex offenses (matched for age, education, and race). Comprehensive System Rorschach variables (Exner, 1991) were selected based on both psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral models of pedophilia. Pedophiles' Rorschachs (a) contained significantly more responses and were more likely to reveal signs of (b) anxiety and helplessness, (c) painful introspection, (d) distorted views of others, and (e) primitive dependency needs than the comparison group's Rorschachs. Like other incarcerated men, the pedophiles exhibited disturbances in self-worth (either poor self-esteem or excessive self-focus), tendencies to abuse fantasy and avoid emotionally tinged stimuli, and chronic oppositionality and hostility. Pedophiles possess many core personality features associated with Narcissistic Personality Disorders, but are less well defended against feelings of vulnerability and painful introspection than other incarcerated men. Like Antisocial Personality Disorder patients (Gacono & Meloy, 1994), our pedophiles and nonpedophile offenders showed signs of impaired attachment and, in the context of incarceration, failed narcissism.

Adult↗