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PubMed1994

[Impotence and corpus cavernosum leakage. Results after surgical treatment].

A consecutive series of 15 impotent men (mean age: 53 (range 18-65 years)) underwent venous surgery for abnormal drainage of the cavernous bodies. During the follow-up period (mean 19 months (range 10-34)), 11 patients became potent and sexually active. Three of the impotent men had had a primary venous leakage of the corpora cavernosum, and all these three had to be re-operated. Two achieved full potency. The three postoperative failures in the 12 patients with the secondary type of venous impotence occurred in one heavy smoker, one patient with severe arterial hypertension and one continued to be impotent until his death eight months postoperatively. It is concluded that erectile impotence due to pronounced leakage of the cavernous bodies should be treated surgically, and that the longterm effect is acceptable.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Microsurgical treatment of impotence of vascular origin].

Impotence of vascular origin may be due to a defect of the arterial blood supply, a cavernous venous leak or a combination of the two phenomena. Several microsurgical techniques have been proposed to restore physiological erectile function, without the use of intracavernous injections of vasoactive drugs or implantation of penile prostheses. We have used this type of surgery in motivated and selected patients for more than 15 years (72 patients treated, 57 patients evaluated after surgery). In patients with impotence of arterial origin, we perform a Michal II arterio-arterial revascularisation in the case of limited proximal or distal lesions with preservation of one of the two dorsal arteries, (13 patients) and arterialisation of the deep dorsal vein of the penis in the case of diffuse distal lesions (8 patients). 62% of positive results were obtained with both forms of revascularisation with a mean follow-up of 22 months. In patients with impotence of venous origin (11 patients), we perform arterialisation of the deep dorsal vein of the penis, with 92% of positive results with a mean follow-up of 12 months. In patients with impotence of arterial and venous origin (25 patients), we carry out a Michal II revascularisation and ligation of the dorsal vein or arterialisation of the dorsal vein achieves 64% and 58% of positive results with a mean follow-up of 12 months and 5 months, respectively. In the light of these results, the authors try to define the place of vascular microsurgery in the treatment of impotence.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of the Florida Sexual History Questionnaire to differentiate primary organic from primary psychogenic impotence.

A recent study demonstrated the Florida Sexual History Questionnaire (FSHQ) is reliable and valid when used to discriminate impotent from nonimpotent men. This study examined the ability of the FSHQ to discriminate between men with primary psychogenic and primary organic impotence in a sample of impotent diabetics and a larger group of impotent men. The hit rate in the diabetic sample was 81% using an eight-item discriminant function, and 70% using the total score. Hit rates in the larger sample were significant but lower (73% and 66%). The results suggest that the FSHQ has concurrent validity in terms of discriminating primary organic from primary psychogenic impotence.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗
PubMed1996

Assessment of a neuropathic factor in HIV-1 associated impotence: penile electrodiagnosis.

The value of bulbocavernosus reflex latency verses nerve conduction velocity of the dorsal nerve of penis and penile brachial index was evaluated in 50 impotent individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (both symptomatic and asymptomatic) and in 50 aged matched HIV-1 sero-negative impotent men serving as controls. All the subjects were neurologically asymptomatic and non demented. Both HIV-1 infected asymptomatic and symptomatic impotent patients exhibited a significant decrease (P < 0.0005) in the nerve conduction velocity of the dorsal nerve of penis as well as penile branchial index from the controls of the same age group. The latency of bulbocavernosus showed no significant difference between the groups and was within the normal limits. A non-significant association in the study parameters between HIV-1 infected asymptomatic and AIDS positive impotent men was also observed. These findings suggest that impotence and altered erectile electrodiagnostic responses are likely to be associated with an increased frequency to neuropathy in these patients irrespective of their disease state.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

[Assessment of sensory thresholds of the penile dorsal nerve as screening technique for neurologic lesion in impotence].

OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to determine the usefulness of the perception and stimulation thresholds of the penile dorsal nerve in the diagnosis of neurogenic impotence. METHODS: A study was conducted to determine the neuroandrologic profile in 130 patients. According to the results of the neuroandrologic profile, they were classified as patients without neurogenic impotence (44 pts.; 34%) or with neurogenic impotence (86 pts.; 66%). The perception and stimulation thresholds (expressed in milliAmperes) were determined in all patients. Furthermore, the perineal sensation was clinically tested. Both thresholds were also studied in relation to a demonstrated neurologic lesion (sympathetic, parasympathetic, afferent pudendal, efferent pudendal and suprasacral lesions). RESULTS: Assessment of the perineal sensation demonstrated a high specificity and a low sensitivity in the diagnosis of neurogenic impotence. A significant difference was observed between both groups for the perception (confidence interval of difference between the neurogenic and non-neurogenic group; from 0.02 to 4.95 mA) and stimulation thresholds (from 2.0 to 11 mA). Morever, the stimulation threshold was significantly higher in patients with alteration of the perineal sensation). Significant differences in the perception threshold were also demonstrated between patients with and without demonstration of efferent lesion, and in the stimulation threshold between patients with and without demonstration of pudendal afferent, pudendal efferent and sympathetic lesion. These differences are attributed to the presence of mixed lesions. However, given the width of the interval of normal values, it was not possible to find a useful cut-off point in both sensory thresholds. It could only be determined that the maximum value of the perception threshold in healthy subjects should be less than 9.45 mA. CONCLUSION: The sensorial thresholds of the electrical stimulation of the penile dorsal nerve and the data from the physical examination of perineal sensation are not useful for the diagnosis of neurogenic impotence. It is necessary to carry out a complete neuroandrologic profile.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Analysis of pudendal nerve somatosensory evoked potentials in the diagnosis of neurogenic impotence].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of the somatosensorial evoked potentials of the pudental nerve in the diagnosis of neurogenic impotence. METHODS: 129 patients with impotence were evaluated by physical examination and neuroandrologic profile. The neuroandrologic profile was assessed by bulbocavernous electromyography, determination of S2-S4 evoked potentials, analysis of the somatosensorial potentials of the pudendal nerve, cavernous smooth muscle electromyography (SPACE), sympathetic skin response and cystometry. RESULTS: The patients with a neurologic lesion presented a significantly longer latency time of the somatosensorial potentials than those with no neurologic lesion. The sensitivity of the somatosensorial potentials was 63% and the specificity was 98%. The sensitivity could be enhanced without significantly lowering specificity by taking 49 msec as the upper limit of normal values in latency time. The determination of the voluntary anal control in the diagnosis of neurogenic impotence was found to have a high specificity (93%), but a low sensitivity (42%). CONCLUSION: The determination of the somatosensorial potentials, unlike other techniques, could allow diagnosis of lesions of the suprasacral inneveration in the evaluation of neurogenic impotence. The evoked somatosensorial potentials of the pudendal nerve and physical examination have the inconvenience of their low sensitivity in regard to the diagnosis of neurogenic lesion in impotence, mainly because some conditions only affect the peripheral autonomic innervation and the somatic element is spared.

Anal Canal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Duplex Doppler sonography of the flaccid penis: potential role in the evaluation of impotence.

PURPOSE: Duplex Doppler sonography of the cavernosal arteries of the penis with intracavernous injection (ICI) of vasoactive agents has been widely used to evaluate arterial insufficiency in impotence. Our goal was to assess the potential value of peak systolic velocity (PSV) measurements on the flaccid penis in the diagnosis of arteriogenic impotence. METHODS: Forty-four men underwent duplex Doppler sonography with PSV measurements before and after ICI of prostaglandin E(1). Three different cutoff values for lowest normal PSV before injection-5 cm/second, 10 cm/second, and 15 cm/second-were tested. RESULTS: Thirteen patients had arteriogenic insufficiency based on post-ICI duplex sonography and clinical response. Results for our different cutoff PSV values of 5 cm/second, 10 cm/second, and 15 cm/second in diagnosing arteriogenic impotence were, respectively: sensitivity 29%, 96%, and 100%; specificity 100%, 92%, and 23%; negative predictive value 80%, 92%, and 100%; positive predictive value 100%, 81%, and 41%; and overall accuracy 79%, 93%, and 44%. In the flaccid state, there was a significant difference in mean PSV between the "normal" group (12.6 +/- 0.9 cm/second) and the arteriogenic impotence group (7.7 +/- 1.1 cm/second). Twenty-nine patients with a bilateral PSV of 10 cm/second or less before ICI had a normal clinical response. CONCLUSIONS: A cutoff PSV value of 10 cm/second in the flaccid state had the best accuracy in predicting arterial insufficiency. Duplex Doppler sonography is proposed as the initial test to evaluate the penile arterial supply and to determine whether patients are good candidates for therapy with ICI.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Vascular interventions for impotence: lessons learned.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of vascular interventions for impotence in men with this complaint. METHODS: Between September 1983 and March 1993, 1094 men with the chief complaint of impotence (average age 54.5 years) were screened by use of penile plethysmography and penile brachial indexes: 635 were considered to have normal flow, and 459 were considered to have abnormal arterial flow, 12.2% of whom were found to have aortoiliac disease. Based on negative neural screening results, absence of erectile responses on increasing doses of intracavernously injected papaverine or prostaglandin E1 (ICI), surgical candidates for microvascular procedures were referred for dynamic infusion cavernosography (DICC) and pudendal arteriography. Operations for men discovered to have aortoiliac disease were based on conventional indications including aneurysm size or limb ischemia. None of the subjects had diabetes. Only those patients without diabetes and those not requiring blood pressure medications were selected for microvascular procedures. We report our experience and surgical outcomes at average follow-ups of 33 to 48 months. Four types of operations were performed on 67 men (age 18 to 79 years). These included 17 aortoiliac reconstructions, 11 dorsal penile artery bypasses, 12 dorsal vein arterializations, and 27 venous interruptions. Follow-up data were obtained by direct examination and noninvasive Doppler examinations; repeat arteriography (4 of 11); repeat DICC after venous ablation procedures (18 of 27) and postoperative ICI response. Mail questionnaires completed postoperative surveillance. RESULTS: Among 17 men undergoing aortoiliac intervention for aneurysms in eight and occlusive disease in nine, 58% functioned spontaneously after operation and 18% used ICI or vacuum constrictor devices at an average follow-up time of 38 months. Among 11 men with dorsal penile artery bypasses, 27% functioned spontaneously and 45% used ICI at an average follow-up time of 34.5 months. Among 12 men with dorsal vein arterialization, 33% functioned spontaneously, and 47% used ICI at an average follow-up time of 48 months. Among 27 with venous interruption, 33% functioned spontaneously and 44% used ICI. In seven of eight aneurysms of 4.5 to 6.0 cm in size, impotence workup led to discovery; probable embolic mechanisms existed in three. Venous interruption efficacy correlated with postoperative DICC results when flow to maintain erection was 40 ml or less. Apart from two cases of glans hyperemia, no surgical complications occurred in the microvascular procedures. There was one episode of bleeding caused by DICC after aortic reconstruction. There were no deaths. CONCLUSIONS: With prospective screening criteria, 6% to 7% of impotent men became candidates for vascular intervention. Including those functioning with ICI or vacuum constriction devices, about 70% of these men were functional after operation. Men undergoing aortoiliac reconstruction has a significantly higher rate (58%) of spontaneous function as compared with those undergoing microvascular procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Impotence and genital numbness in cyclists.

Cyclists often complain of genital numbness and even of impotence. The purpose of this study was to determine if perineal compression during cycling causes changes in the penile blood supply, impotence and penile numbness. Forty healthy athletic men with a mean age of 30 +/- 5.3 years took part in the study. Transcutaneous penile oxygen pressure was obtained using a device consisting of a modified Clark pO2 electrode, attached to the glans of the penis. All men were measured in a standing position before, in a seated and standing position during and in a standing position after cycling. Additionally, a detailed interview was carried out with each man. The penile blood supply--which correlates with the transcutaneous PO2 at the glans-- decreased significantly in over 70% of the test subjects during cycling in a seated position. Cycling in a standing position did not show any alteration in the penile blood supply as compared to the values measured before exercising. Numbness of the genital region was reported by 61% of the cyclists. 19% of cyclists who had a weekly training distance of more than 400 km complained of erectile dysfunction. The results of the present study showed that there is a deficiency in penile perfusion due to perineal arterial compression. This could be a reason for penile numbness and impotence in long-distance cyclists. Therefore, we suggest restricting the training distance, and taking sufficient pauses during the course of prolonged and vigorous bicycle riding, in order to avoid penile numbness and impotence.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Management of honeymoon impotence.

INTRODUCTION: Honeymoon impotence can be defined as the failure to be successfully involved in sexual intercourse at the beginning of marriage, particularly in the first few nights. While its exact causes are not yet elucidated, many studies recognize this problem as related to performance anxiety. AIM: The aim of this study was to report the outcome of management of patients with honeymoon impotence. METHODS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: This study included 100 consecutive patients presenting to our department complaining of failed sexual intercourse since the beginning of their marriage. History taking, completion of the abridged form of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire, and combined intracavernous injection and stimulation and nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring were performed. Penile duplex was performed to elucidate vascular insufficiency. All psychogenic patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) were treated with sildenafil and sex therapy. All organic ED patients were treated either with sildenafil alone or combined therapy with either intracavernous prostaglandin E1 or vacuum constriction device. RESULTS: Seventy-four patients had psychogenic ED and 26 patients had vasculogenic ED. All psychogenic ED patients were treated successfully with sildenafil and sex therapy. Twenty-two patients with vasculogenic ED were treated successfully with sildenafil or combined therapy, while four patients needed venous surgery. Minimal side effects of all treatment modalities occurred throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS: Management of honeymoon impotence requires profound diagnosis of its causative factors. Treating physicians in areas with high prevalence of this condition should be ready to manage this problem with vigilant systematic overture. A combined approach of sildenafil and sex therapy proved highly effective in treatment of honeymoon impotence of psychogenic origin; however, controlled studies are needed. Other patients showing functional erectile abnormalities should be treated accordingly.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Long-term results of arterial bypass surgery for impotence secondary to segmental vascular disease.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the long-term results of arterial bypass surgery in impotent men carefully selected for nonatherosclerotic arterial vascular disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a 7-year period only 11 of 1,352 impotent men (0.8%) were selected as ideal candidates for arterial vascular surgery. Initial evaluation included history, physical examination and a screening pharmacological erection test. Duplex ultrasonography was performed in patients who failed to respond adequately to pharmacological stimulation and were believed to be potential candidates for vascular surgery. Further evaluation included formal nocturnal sleep laboratory testing, dynamic infusion cavernosometry and arteriography. Dorsal artery bypass was performed in 9 patients and arterialization of the deep dorsal vein was done in 2. RESULTS: Average followup was 50 months (range 12 to 84). Initial followup duplex ultrasonography revealed a significant increase in cavernous artery peak systolic blood flow velocity (p < 0.001) and patent arterial anastomoses in all but 1 patient. The initial success rate without supplemental injection therapy was 82% and the final success rate was 64%. Even with long-term followup, 91% of the patients were improved from baseline, and were sexually active with (27%) or without (64%) injection therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Arterial bypass surgery can be successful in select impotent patients without generalized atherosclerosis or other risk factors for impotence. Further refinement of screening parameters may improve patient selection and long-term results of vascular surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[A case of conus syndrome following arteriogenic impotence].

A patient with conus syndrome following arteriogenic impotence is described. A 62-year-old man became impotent. 7 months after the onset, he was admitted because of a sudden left sensorimotor disturbance (L2 to S5 segments) when he awoke. A marked bilateral reduction of cutaneous sensation in the S2 to S5 dermatome distribution persisted. An MRI of the spinal cord demonstrated no abnormal lesion on T2-weighted and Gadolinium enhanced images. Angiography of the pelvic artery showed severe arteriosclerotic findings. We diagnosed this case as a conus syndrome due to ischemia in the conus medullaris. The impotence in our case was considered to be arteriogenic because there was no detection of the bilateral deep arteries of the penis on angiography after an intracorporeal PGE1 injection. In this case, arteriogenic impotence might be a prodrome of a conus medullaris infarction.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Can NPTR data predict the cause of organic impotence?

Conventional diagnostic evaluation, including color duplex doppler ultrasound of the penile vessels, pharmaco-cavernosometry, intracavernosal drug testing and neurologic tests, were used to classify 78 patients with complaints of erectile impotence into one of the following three groups: non-organogenic, arteriogenic, vascular and neurogenic impotence. Nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity (NPTR) measurements were also performed. Differentiation between patients with organic and non-organic impotence proved possible. The "best night" and "best erection" alone could not outline a pathognomonic pattern for the different causes of organic impotence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Elimination of iatrogenic impotence and improvement of sexual function after aortoiliac revascularization.

One hundred ten men who underwent revascularization for aortoiliac occlusive disease by either aortic reconstruction (n = 66), crossover femorofemoral bypass (n = 38), or axillofemoral bypass (n = 6) were examined with regard to preoperative and postoperative sexual function. Aortic reconstructions were performed using a nerve-sparing technique, and special emphasis was placed on preservation or improvement of pelvic blood supply. Thirty patients (27%) were impotent preoperatively and postoperatively, 67 patients (61%) had normal sexual function preoperatively and postoperatively, and 13 patients (12%) who were impotent preoperatively regained sexual function as a result of revascularization, indicating that 30% (13/43) of all patients with preoperative impotence regained sexual function. No patient with normal preoperative sexual function was impotent postoperatively. Nerve-sparing aortic dissections, attention to preservation or improvement of pelvic blood flow, and, when appropriate, extra-anatomic bypass are essential in the preservation or improvement of sexual function after aortoiliac revascularization.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The prevalence of diabetic impotence.

In a survey of 541 diabetic males, aged 20-59 years, 190 (35%) had erectile impotence. Using linear logistic regression models for analysis the five most significant associations with impotence were age (p < 0.001), treatment with either insulin or oral hypoglycaemic agents (p < 0.001), retinopathy (p < 0.001), symptomatic peripheral neuropathy (p < 0.001) and symptomatic autonomic neuropathy (p < 0.005). The greatest correlations were found in patients with severe microangiopathy, as demonstrated by proliferative retinopathy and symptomatic autonomic neuropathy. In addition the duration of diabetes and the presence of ischaemic heart disease, nephropathy and poor diabetic control may also be associated with diabetic impotence. It is concluded that diabetic impotence is still a common problem and may have a multifactorial aetiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

An evaluation of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory as a discriminator of primary organic and primary psychogenic impotence in diabetic males.

The ability of the MMPI to discriminate between primary psychogenic impotence and primary organic impotence in males with diabetes mellitus was assessed. In order to provide the MMPI with the optimal situation to discriminate between the two groups, we attempted to form a homogeneous sample in terms of physical conditions. Thirty impotent diabetic males were classified as primary organic or primary psychogenic based on nocturnal penile tumescence data. Beutler et al.'s MMPI decision rules yielded a 63% misclassification of the two groups. Possible explanations for the lack of discriminative power of the MMPI with this sample of diabetic males were discussed in relation to previous findings. The power of nocturnal penile tumescence to classify men as having primary organic or primary psychogenic impotence was examined with reference to other vascular and endocrine variables.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The importance of visual erotic stimulation in the differential diagnosis of erectile impotence.

In this study we aimed to determine the importance of visual erotic stimulation (VES) alone, and in combination with intracavernosal papaverine injection (ICPE) in the differential diagnosis of erectile impotence. Sixty-four patients with erection problems were investigated between June 1992 and January 1994. VES could be the first investigative method in the differential diagnosis of erectile impotence. This will help us in some groups of patients with psychogenic impotence to avoid the application and complications of ICPE. In patients with insufficient erections with VES alone, ICPE must be combined with VES in order to detect the causes of psychogenic erectile impotence more correctly.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Routine prolactin measurement is not necessary in the initial evaluation of male impotence.

The authors determined the prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in impotent men in a community setting and assessed the cost of case detection with routine estimation of serum prolactin. They recruited 299 consecutive patients with impotence and determined the hormonal levels (prolactin, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone). Pituitary gland imaging was done when the prolactin level was elevated. Simultaneous prolactin and testosterone levels were available for 212 patients. Three patients (1.4%) had elevated prolactin levels but none had pituitary tumor. Two of these had low testosterone levels. Overall, 51 patients (24.1%) had low testosterone levels. Cost of selective prolactin estimation in patients with low testosterone levels resulted in a net saving of $2,574 per case detected. The authors conclude that the prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in impotence is low. Routine measurement of prolactin levels in impotence is not indicated. Selective determination in patients with low testosterone reduces the cost of diagnostic evaluation.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗