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Results for “Human Life Amendment”

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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Selective nontreatment of neurologically impaired neonates.

We are convinced that a best-interests approach is the best approach to take in making decisions to treat or not to treat disabled young infants. Such an approach acknowledges that there are some medical conditions that are so severe that efforts to sustain the lives of infants having the conditions cannot be said to be in the best interests of those infants. By paying attention to the variables that compose the best-interests approach, decision makers can arrive at decisions not to sustain life that are more easily justifiable than with any other approach.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oestrogens reconsidered.

Oestrogen therapy or orchidectomy reigned supreme for the treatment of metastatic prostatic cancer for almost 40 years. In the last 15 years many alternative agents have been tested alone and more recently in combination. This contribution evaluates the results of some of these newer therapies considering relief of symptoms, toxicity, quality of life, survival, and benefit to the community. The results are compared with those of oestrogen therapy and with the way in which such treatment might be amended in light of more modern knowledge.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1999

In re Edna MF: case law confusion in surrogate decision making.

I review the recent case of Edna Folz, a 73 year-old woman who was suffering through the end stages of very advanced Alzheimer's dementia when her case was adjudicated by the Wisconsin Supreme Court. I consider this case as an example of how courts are increasingly misinterpreting the ethical and legal decision-making-standards known as "substituted judgment" and "best interests" and thereby threatening individuals' treatment decision-making rights as developed by other courts over the past two decades and creating serious roadblocks to health-care providers' ability to render appropriate patient care. The Wisconsin Supreme Court held that Edna's legal guardian could not authorize withdrawal of Edna's treatment, ruling that as a matter of law, if an incompetent person is not in a persistent vegetative state, it is not in his or her best interests for life-sustaining treatment to be withdrawn unless (s)he has executed an advance directive or other statement clearly indicating his or her desires.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in children with kwashiorkor.

The pharmacokinetics of intravenous amikacin, administered as a mean (SD) bolus dose of 5.5 (1.2) mg/kg to children between the ages of 1 and 4 years with kwashiorkor, was studied. Although there was a tendency for the average volume of distribution to increase to the upper limit of normal, plasma elimination half-life, first order elimination-phase rate constant and clearance remained close to the reference values for adults. Despite marginal elevation of the average t1/2 beta-value, reflecting a general trend, renal impairment in respect of amikacin clearance could not be demonstrated. It was concluded that the changes in pharmacokinetic parameters found in kwashiorkor are not large enough to amend the current therapeutic regimens for amikacin in this condition.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1990

After Cruzan. The U. S. Supreme Court's decision settles the case but raises new questions.

In its Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health, decision the U.S. Supreme Court addressed only states' authority in the refusal of medical treatment. But the case itself drew national attention to the issue, and physicians and healthcare facilities should expect to see living wills and durable powers of attorney increase as a result. Legal concerns will also arise as a result of misconceptions regarding the law. The Court was careful to qualify and limit its support of the Missouri Supreme Court's decision. As opposed to the latter's nearly outright denial of an individual's right to refuse medical treatment, the U.S. Supreme Court's majority opinion asserted that a competent person has a "constitutionally protected liberty interest in refusing unwanted medical treatment." And although the Court upheld Missouri's requirement that there be "clear and convincing evidence" of an incompetent patient's previously expressed wishes before treatment can be discontinued, it did not make such evidence mandatory for states with different law. Finally, in a separate concurring opinion Justice Sandra Day O'Connor asserted that a patient-designated proxy could be an acceptable "source of evidence" of a patient's intent. If the proxy does in fact have some constitutional status, this status should motivate state courts and legislatures to recognize the practice.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A decade of discoveries in veterinary protozoology changes our concept of "subclinical" toxoplasmosis.

One of the most compelling topics to emerge from the last decade of veterinary protozoology is disease caused by a zoonotic pathogen, Toxoplasma gondii, in otherwise healthy people. These findings may catch the health professions by surprise, because veterinary and medical courses and textbooks typically emphasize that T. gondii infections are subclinical, unless acquired in utero or the patient has a serious immunosuppressive condition. Nevertheless, numerous reports in the last decade associate toxoplasmosis with lymphadenopathy, fever, weakness and debilitation, ophthalmitis, and severe multisystemic infections in people who do not have immunosuppressive conditions. Toxoplasmosis in rodents causes altered behavior, and similar mental aberrations are coming to light in humans; recent studies associate T. gondii infection with personality shifts and increased likelihood of reduced intelligence or schizophrenia. These conditions reduce the quality of life of individuals, and may exact a significant economic burden upon society. Of course, toxoplasmosis continues to cause serious conditions in AIDS patients and congenitally infected people, as well as abortions and encephalitis in domestic and wild animals. Environmental contamination is heavy enough to extend into marine wildlife. It is time for the health professions to amend teaching curricula regarding T. gondii. Veterinary parasitologists should lead the way in developing methods to reduce the prevalence of T. gondii in food animals. Public health policies should prohibit the practice of allowing pet cats to roam. Organizations and individuals that feed feral cats are unwittingly contributing to the dissemination of T. gondii, by sustaining artificially dense populations of a definitive host of this protozoal parasite.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Pena in the Ecuadorian Sierra: a psychoanthropological analysis of sadness.

In highland Ecuador, pena refers to a state of mind characterized by a mixture of sadness and anxiety as well as to an illness state resembling depression. This paper attempts to illustrate, through an analysis of the discourse on pena, how the ideology in which it is embedded serves to interpret a bodily problem at the same time as it reflects a more global attitude toward life. In essence, the folk theory states that the physical complaints caused by suffering are the result of a disturbance of the heart, the central organ of man, and of the emotional life which it controls. Because this suffering is often attributed to the immediate family group of the victim, the community at large often formulates accusations against one of its members. Though the therapy is limited to a cure of the symptoms through herbal remedies, a formal request can be made to a perceived wrongdoer to amend his behavior. The pena is also a state which can lead to colerin, a dangerous and sometimes lethal illness which is characterized by a sudden explosion of anger or madness and which will follow an unattended state of pena.

Adjustment Disorders↗