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PubMed1978

Hobby horse.

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Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social and environmental factors and major depression in old age.

This community-based epidemiological survey is concerned with relationships between social and environmental factors and major depression in a Finnish population aged 60 years and over. The occurrence of major depression was related to advanced age, widowhood or divorce, low number of hobbies, frequently being alone, poor social participation, and many long-standing and current social-stress factors. According to the questionnaire data, subjects suffering from major depression had more frequently experienced serious illnesses and deaths among their close relatives during the five years before the beginning of this survey than had the non-depressed subjects. The log-linear model constructed for major-depressive persons revealed six interactions. The first was characterized by a low number of hobbies, high incidence of long-standing social-stress factors, and widowed or divorced status; the second by poor social participation and high incidence of long-standing and current social-stress factors, or combination of moderate level of social participation, high incidence of long-standing social-stress factors, and low incidence of current social-stress factors; the third by a low number of hobbies and high incidence of current social-stress factors; the fourth by a high incidence of current social-stress factors and widowed or divorced status; the fifth by a low number of hobbies and low level of social participation; and the sixth by a moderate level of social participation and widowhood or divorce.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

A study of some psycho-social characteristics of blind and deaf male students in Abha City, Asir region, Saudi Arabia.

Psychosocial characteristics including depression, attitude towards their handicap, hobbies and problems of living situations have been studied among 152 male students in the Institute for the Blind (n = 44) and in the Institute for the Deaf (n = 108) in Abha City. All students were subjected to a constructed Arabic version of the rating scale 'Children Depression Inventory (CDI)'. They were categorised according to their scores on this CDI, into depressed and non-depressed. Also, an interview questionnaire was administered to collect data related to the handicap, such as age of onset, and its cause and family history of the same handicap. The effect of the handicap upon the attitudes of students in relation to their social tendencies, hobbies and problems in living situations was studied. The mean ages for blind and deaf students were 15.70 and 13.04 years respectively. About 91.% and 75.% of blind and deaf students respectively were born with their handicap. Depression was more prevalent among the blind (14%) than among the deaf (6.5%) students. Difficulty in mobility was the main problem among blind students (44%) while difficulty in communication with people was the main problem among the deaf (52%). Reading was the commonest hobby for the blind (51%), while playing football was the commonest among the deaf (62%). This information should be considered when planning for rehabilitative services for these groups.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

Impairment and employment issues after nerve repair in the hand and forearm.

PURPOSE: To evaluate retrospectively subjective impairments, experienced disabilities, job and leisure restrictions and job changes in patients at least 2 years after repair of a peripheral nerve injury in the forearm, wrist or hand. METHODS: Between January 1,997 and January 2,000, 125 patients were treated surgically for a peripheral nerve injury in the hand and forearm at the Department of Plastic Surgery of a University Hospital. Sixty-one patients met the inclusion criteria. Using a questionnaire the ability to return to work (RTW), the possible consequences on Activities of Daily Life (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Life (IADL), job, hobby and housekeeping related disabilities and subjective pain were assessed. RESULTS: Forty of the 61 included patients returned the questionnaire. As a result of the injury, seven patients (19%) were not able to return to their own job and eight patients (20%) needed to quit or change their hobbies. Mean Time Off Work (TOW) was significantly longer (p=0.024) in non-digital nerve lesions (21.4 weeks) as compared to digital nerve lesions (9.5 weeks). CONCLUSIONS: From this study it was concluded that digital nerve lesions have little consequence on the ability to return to work and the time off work. However, the patients' hobbies are significantly affected. At least 2 years after the injury, the effects on ADL and IADL are minor.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1987

[Safety provisions for recreational flying or sport with a hang-glider].

The Act. n. 106 of 25th March 1985 had defined the specifications of the particular aircraft designed for hobby or sport flying as is the hang-glider. It has also provided for the issue, within six months, of special regulations aimed at "checking the psycho-physical fitness required in handling" such aircraft in additions to the technical knowledge and the information about traffic, safety, insurance regulations relevant to the matter. However, the patent default of the legislator causes the protection of hobby and sport practice of hang-gliding to be either wholly inadequate or ruled by ambiguous regulations. If, instead, the present law in force is referred to, it is deemed that--while waiting for the regulations provided for by n. 106 Act.--the Aereo Club of Italy may define as "agonistic" the practice of "hobby or sport flight" so that the checking of the "specific" fitness required by such sport comes into operation in compliance with the State Decree of 18th February 1982.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1997

Old paint removal and blood lead levels in children.

AIM: To identify risk factors, particularly paint removal and clean up practices, for elevated blood lead levels in children, 12 to 24 months old, living in Wellington city. METHODS: Children living in residences more than 50 years old, where residential paint removal had taken place in the last two years, were recruited. Care givers were interviewed, a blood sample was taken from the child's arm and a dust wipe sample was collected from the kitchen floor. Blood and dust samples were analysed for lead content. RESULTS: Data were collected for 141 children (75% of those eligible). The mean blood lead level was 0.24 mumol/L (5.06 micrograms/dL). Higher blood levels were associated with lower income of the main family earner, playing outside, eating dirt and parental hobbies involving lead use. Children receiving regular medical treatment were at lower risk of lead absorption. With the exception of paint removal involving blow torches, none of the paint removal, clean up, or disposal practices was more strongly associated than the other methods with elevated blood lead levels in children living in the household. Dust wipes from the kitchen floor had little predictive value for blood lead level. CONCLUSIONS: High temperature methods of paint removal and parental hobbies involving lead are associated with higher lead levels in children. Given the availability of alternative means of paint removal, continuing use of high temperature methods is unnecessary. Further work is needed to assess lead absorption risks associated with hobbies involving lead.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2001

Musculoskeletal complaints, functional capacity, personality and psychosocial factors.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the research was to study the association between psychosocial and personality factors, and neck and wrist-hand musculoskeletal complaints, taking account of the occupational factors of force, posture and repetitiveness, and non-occupational risk factors such as sport, hobbies, medical history. METHODS: During personal interviews 133 women from seven different companies, working at constraining workplaces (very repetitive work), answered several questionnaires. These concerned: personal characteristics and history; work characteristics; psychosocial factors (perception and appreciation of the work situation, satisfaction at work, stress symptoms, Karasek questionnaire) and personality factors (neuroticism, conscientiousness, type-A behavior). They also undertook functional and psychomotor tests (wrist angles, grip strength and a dexterity test). Logistic regression models were calculated. RESULTS: Wrist-hand complaints appear to be associated with some personal characteristics (smoking habits, fewer hobbies), work constraints (fewer breaks, heavy lifting efforts) and some personality (introversion) and psychosocial factors (worse appreciation of work). Neck complaints are also associated with some personal characteristics (young people, small, bad health, hormonal problems, fewer hobbies), some personality (urgency of time) and psychosocial factors (constraints as seen by the supervisor). CONCLUSION: The study confirms the multifactorial character of the musculoskeletal disorders and underlines the need for a global ergonomic approach to work situations, taking into account all their physical, psychological and social components.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Social and psychosocial factors predicting depression in old age: a longitudinal study.

The predictive value of social and psychosocial factors for the occurrence of depression in elderly Finns is described using a longitudinal design. A population determined as not being depressed in an epidemiological study in 1984-1985 was clinically interviewed and examined in a follow-up study in 1989-1990 (N = 679). The potential predictive factors for depression were analyzed by contrasting the persons depressed in 1989-1990 with the ones not depressed. In men, depression was predicted by a poor relationship with one's wife and feelings about low appreciation of old persons or of the participant himself during the initial study and the loss of a mother while under 20 years of age. Certain changes and life events during the follow-up were related to the occurrence of depression in men, such as a change in the relationship with one's wife into a poorer direction, a decrease in the amount of hobbies, getting married, a grandchild's divorce, separation from someone important, moving into long-term institutional care, giving up hobbies or a position in a voluntary organization, and alcohol problems of a close person. In women, depression was predicted by living together with one's husband, living with other people, and a low activity in participating in religious events during the initial study and a loss of father while under 20 years of age. The risk of women living alone was lower compared to women not living alone. Also, certain changes and life events during the follow-up were associated with a high risk of depression in women, including a change in the relationship with one's neighbors into a poorer direction, an increase in the amount of time spent alone, a decline of the social activity level, getting married, occurrence of serious marital problems, separation from someone important, giving up hobbies or a position in a voluntary organization, alcohol problems of a close person, and a small number of social growth events. The results support the hypothesis about psychosocial factors playing a role in the etiology of depression in old age.

Activities of Daily Living↗