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PubMed1985

[Value of leukocytic histamine liberation tests and intradermal tests in the diagnosis of anaphylactoid reactions to anesthetic products].

Skin tests and leukocyte histamine release (LHR) were carried out in 14 patients who had presented an anaphylactic reaction during general anaesthesia; they were compared with a control group of 14 normal subjects. Histamine release was measured by a fluorimetric method after contact in vitro between patient's basophils and native drug at various concentrations. More than 10% LHR and a diphasic release curve were considered to be mandatory to certify an anaphylactic origin. The reliability and the specificity of the LHR seemed excellent. The discriminative power between the two groups was statistically significant (p less than 0.0001). Except for two cases, investigated soon after the accident, in which the total histamine level was too low, LHR appeared reliable and its association with skin tests gave the diagnosis of anaphylaxis in 13 of the 14 cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Inhibitory effects of imidazolines on histamine liberation from human leukocytes and on tracheal smooth muscle tone.

Antigen-induced IgE-mediated release of histamine from human leukocytes, an in vitro model of allergic reactions, was blocked by imidazole and imidazole-compounds such as oxymetazoline and clonidine. The H-2-antihistamines antagonized this effect of imidazolines. Alpha- and H-1-receptor blocking agents did not antagonize the effect. The contractile effects of the imidazolines were tested on tracheal preparations from the cow and guinea-pig. Imidazole was found to be a rather potent contracting agent, while oxymetazoline only caused weak contractions. Clonidine relaxed the tracheal muscles, when used in the concentration range which were inhibitory in the leukocyte experiments. The contractions caused by imidazolines were non-competitively inhibited by clemastine, while the relaxing effects were blocked by a combination of propranolol, phentolamine and cimethidine. The results suggest that imidazolines which inhibit histamine release and relax bronchial smooth muscles may be of therapeutic importance in the treatment of human allergic disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Inhibition of histamine liberation with atropine sulfate following administration of d-tubocurarine].

The influence of atropine on the release of histamine following the administration of tubocurarine (Amelizol) was studied in anesthetized monkeys. Four groups were prepared: group (a) was not given atropine sulfate as a premedication and (b), (c) and (d) were given atropine 0.0125 mg/kg, 0.025 mg/kg, 0.05 mg/kg by intramuscular injection 30 min before the first blood sampling, respectively. Tubocurarine was given in a dose 0.5 mg/kg intravenously, to all animals. Blood samples were obtained in cases of the preinjection (control) and 1, 3, 6, 10 and 20 min after injection of tubocurarine. The concentration of histamine in the plasma was measured by a fluorometric method and high speed liquid chromatography. When atropine sulfate was given in doses over 0.025 mg/kg intramuscularly 30 min before the administration of tubocurarine, the release of histamine induced by tubocurarine was inhibited, compared to the findings in the non-pretreated groups. Atropine sulfate probably inhibits histamine release induced by tubocurarine through the mediation of intracellular cyclic GMP and atropine can be used as a premedicant in cases of general anaesthesia.

Anesthesia↗