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PubMedDate not supplied

Public-sector savings resulting from expenditures for contraceptive services.

Almost one in four U.S. women who use a reversible method of contraception rely on a publicly funded source of care, either a family planning clinic or a private physician reimbursed by Medicaid. According to three scenarios of alternative contraceptive use patterns, if publicly funded services were not available, these women would have between 1.2 million and 2.1 million unintended pregnancies over one year--substantially more than the approximately 400,000 they currently experience. If these women relying on publicly funded services were using no method of contraception, they would be expected to have more than 3.5 million unintended pregnancies in one year. In FY 1987, federal and state governments spent $412 million on contraceptive services for women who otherwise might not have been able to obtain them. If these services had not been available, the additional public costs for medical care, welfare and supplementary nutritional programs during the first two years after a birth or for publicly funded abortions would have totaled $1.2-$2.6 billion. These savings represent an average of $4.40 saved for every dollar of public funds spent to provide contraceptive services.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Family planning clinic services in U.S. counties, 1983.

Organized family planning clinics are a major source of contraceptive services for low-income women, who are less likely than higher income women to be using a contraceptive method. A 1983 study estimated that 9.5 million U.S. women with family incomes below 150 percent of poverty were at risk of unintended pregnancy, and identified a network of 5,106 clinics providing them with services. Seventy-six percent of all counties in the United States have organized clinics that offer family planning services; almost all of those without services are nonmetropolitan counties. An estimated 52 percent of low-income women at risk of unintended pregnancy were served by organized family planning clinics in 1983, while the rest either went unserved or sought care elsewhere. Ten percent of low-income women not served by clinics live in counties that have no family planning clinics, but 67 percent live in counties where existing clinics reach fewer than half of potential low-income patients. More sites may be needed, particularly in counties without clinics, to effectively serve low-income women at risk of unintended pregnancy. However, since the majority of unserved women live in counties where at least one clinic exists, coverage might be improved through increased accessibility and outreach.

Community Health Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Family planning clinic services in the United States, 1983.

Almost five million women were enrolled in family planning clinics in the United States in 1983, eight percent more than in 1981. The number of family planning provider agencies declined slightly, from 2,504 to 2,462, but the number of clinic sites that could be identified increased slightly, from 5,124 to 5,174. Family planning clinics operate in three-quarters of U.S. counties; in 1975, the last time county coverage was checked, four-fifths of the counties had clinics. About one in 20 women who are exposed to the risk of unintended pregnancy and live in unserved counties are teenagers or low-income women. Nonmetropolitan counties are more likely to be without clinics than are metropolitan counties. Overall, there are 417,000 low-income women and 249,000 teenagers at risk of unintended pregnancy living in counties where there are no family planning clinics. In 1983, health departments constituted six in 10 of all family planning agencies and served two-fifths of all family planning clinic patients; Planned Parenthood affiliates accounted for fewer than one in 10 agencies and served more than one-quarter of all patients. Hospitals and all other agencies served about one-third of the total 1983 caseload. These patterns were similar to those reported for 1981. Family planning clinics continue to serve primarily low-income women: Four-fifths of the nearly five million clinic patients in 1983 had family incomes below 150 percent of the federally defined poverty level. About 1.6 million women aged 19 and younger were served, representing one-third of all clinic patients in 1983.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The impact of family planning service in rural Yangoru.

Data from family planning clinic cards and from village field studies in the Yangoru Subdistrict of the East Sepik Province show that the impact of family planning services in this rural area is currently low and likely to remain so for the forseeable future. Some suggestions are made for increasing present levels of acceptance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The costs and benefits of government expenditures for family planning programs.

In 1979, federal and state governments spent a total of $285 million to finance family planning clinic services in the United States. As a result, about 695,000 pregnancies (239,000 births, 370,000 abortions and 86,000 miscarriages) were averted among low- and marginal-income patients; and at least $570 million was saved in government expenditures during the following year for childbirth, postnatal and pediatric care, abortions and welfare payments that would have been required in the absence of the clinic services. In other words, for every dollar spent by the government on family planning clinic services in 1979, about two dollars were saved in public-sector expenditures for health and welfare services to women and their babies during the next year. The first-year benefits were especially high for teenagers--about three dollars saved for every government dollar expended. Although teenagers accounted for only one-third of the clinic patients served in 1979, nearly half of the government savings can be attributed to family planning clinic services to women in their teens. Costs were greater than savings for patients aged 30 and older, but these older patients represent only 12 percent of the clinic patient population.

Abortion, Induced↗