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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The noninvasive biochemical diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease, with special reference to children.

Invasive tests to diagnose patients with gastrointestinal disease are rapidly being replaced by procedures which enable organ function to be assessed by monitoring the product of a metabolic reaction in readily available materials such as breath, blood, and urine. Examples of these approaches that will be assessed in this review include the hydrogen breath test for lactase deficiency, radioactive carbon dioxide breath measurements to test for fat digestion and absorption, and tests of pancreatic function based upon synthetic substrates from which fluorescein or para-aminobenzoic acid can be liberated by pancreas-specific enzymes. Significant advances have been made in improving the organ sensitivity of enzyme determinations. The determination of amylase isoenzymes has been less useful than the measurement of immunoreactive trypsin; this latter enzyme is greatly elevated in the blood of neonates with cystic fibrosis, whereas serum levels are greatly depressed in cystic fibrosis patients with pancreatic insufficiency as well as in most patients with steatorrhea due to chronic pancreatitis. Many of these tests are now becoming standard procedures in the investigation of infants with gastrointestinal disease.

Amylases↗
PubMed1983

Gastrointestinal disease: nutritional implications.

The management of patients with gastrointestinal disease must include attention to nutritional status. It has been documented that morbidity and mortality previously considered common in these patients can be reduced significantly. Perhaps the largest contribution that advances in nutritional support have made is the reduction in the frequency of surgical intervention. Remission of inflammatory bowel disease, closure of fistulas, intestinal adaptation, and prevention of malnutrition in complicated pancreatitis with the use of nutritional therapies help to avoid the complications of operative procedures.

Crohn Disease↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of vitamin A absorption by using oil-soluble and water-miscible vitamin A preparations in normal adults and in patients with gastrointestinal disease.

We evaluated vitamin A absorption in 50 healthy adults and 26 gastrointestinal-disease patients by measuring the postabsorptive response in plasma retinyl esters after oral doses of the vitamin. On 3 consecutive days, two physiologic-dose tests of 2000-2400 retinol equivalents (RE) and one pharmacologic-dose test (84,000 RE) were administered. The physiologic doses were given as an oil-soluble or a water-miscible preparation. In gastrointestinal-disease patients the physiologic-dose test was highly correlated with the pharmacologic-dose test for the oil-soluble preparation as determined by peak rise (r = 0.50, P less than 0.05) and area under the curve (r = 0.56, P less than 0.01), suggesting that the physiologic dose is valid for investigating vitamin A absorption. Intestinal-disease or resection patients absorbed preparations poorly. Pancreatic-disease patients absorbed the oil-soluble preparation poorly. Physiologic rather than pharmacologic doses of vitamin A can be used to study vitamin A absorption.

Absorption↗
PubMed2004

[Cytokines and cytokine therapy in gastrointestinal diseases].

AIM: To compare cytokine status in gastrointestinal diseases (GID) with reference to etiological factor, course, stage, therapy of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Enzyme immunoassay was used to examine cytokines in the peripheral blood, tissue homogenates of 560 GID patients. GID were represented by ulcer disease (UD), cholelithiasis, chronic hepatitis (CH), glutenic enteropathy (GE), Crohn's disease (CD), nonspecific ulcer colitis (NUC). RESULTS: In chronic recurrent GID (UD, cholelithiasis, GE) early exacerbation was characterized by elevated concentrations of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8. Concentrations of IL-12, Inf alpha, g, TNF alpha reached maximum on the height of the disease. Intensification of regenerative processes raised concentrations of IL-4, IL-10. An overall level of serum cytokines averaged 190-780 pg/ml, reaching in some patients with active disease 1200-3000 pg/ml, in remission 30-110 pg/ml, in the control 40 pg/ml. In chronic progressive GID the levels of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-8, IL-6 reached 30-80 pg/ml, IL-12, Inf gamma, TNF alpha--150-370 pg/ml. A rise in cytokines concentrations in inflammatory viral, bacterial, autoimmune GID was higher than in cancer, alcoholism-related diseases, metabolic disturbances. Basic therapy in patients with chronic recurrent GID led to a significant fall in concentration of serum cytokines. Therapy with monoclonal antibodies to TNF alpha was associated with transitory pronounced favourable changes in peripheral blood cytokine status. CONCLUSION: GID provoke elevation of serum and tissue cytokines, impairment of cytokine balance in correlation with the etiological factor, variants of the course, stage of the disease, on-going therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Boerhaave's syndrome as a complication of pre-existent gastrointestinal disease.

Two cases of Boerhaave's Syndrome complicating vomiting of gastrointestinal obstruction are described. The successful management of each case is recounted and certain pitfalls noted. This association has received scant attention in the extensive literature on Boerhaave's Syndrome. We were not able to find a previous report of successful management of this dual pathology. Nevertheless, the location of two such cases at a District General Hospital within a decade suggests that it may not be exceptionally rare. We review the literature pertaining to the association of Boerhaave's Syndrome with pre-existent gastrointestinal disease. The suggestion is made that the possibility of a second surgical condition should be borne in mind when treating patients with this syndrome. We stress that the presence of symptoms due to pre-existent upper gastrointestinal disease may contribute to diagnostic delay in the recognition of Boerhaave's Syndrome.

Calculi↗
PubMed2001

[Evaluation of maxillodental status of children with gastrointestinal diseases].

One hundred and thirty three children aged 1 to 15 years with gastrointestinal diseases were studied. The authors found changes of the dentomaxillary system condition in all the patients. The changes were more frequently observed in gall bladder diseases and chronic hepatitis. In under 7 year old children pathologic changes in the hard dental tissues predominated, while at the age of 7 to 11 years deformation of the jaws did. The severity of pathological changes of the dentomaxillary system depended on the duration of gastrointestinal diseases. One to eleven year old children may be assigned to the risk group for the development of jaw deformations. Deformations were more pronounced in subjects with physical development retardation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Some aspects of medical management of gastrointestinal disease. I.

SUMMARY: Among drugs recently introduced into Canada for treatment of gastrointestinal disease are carbenoxolone sodium (used in treating gastric ulcer) and metoclopramide hydrochloride (which modifies upper gastrointestinal tract motility). A third drug, lactulose (useful in treating hepatic encephalopathy), will soon be available. Clinical experience with these drugs has been most extensive in Europe. In a new class of agents are histamine H2-receptor antagonists, which are currently under clinical trial. These drugs are the most potent inhibitors of gastric acid secretion yet investigated, and are potentially the most exciting agents to appear in many years. Part I of this paper is a review of the actions, clinical use, side effects, and dosage and administration of these new drugs.

Diarrhea↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori cagA, iceA and babA2 alleles in Brazilian patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases.

Helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen associated with gastrointestinal diseases such as gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcer (peptic ulcer disease, PUD), and gastric cancer. A number of pathogenic factors have been described for this bacterium, and some of them have been proposed as markers for the prediction of the clinical outcome. However, with the exception of the cag and vacA status, there is no universal consensus regarding the importance of the other virulence factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the status of H. pylori strains regarding the babA and iceA alleles, as well as the cagA genotype, to reveal any association between these genotypes and clinical outcomes in Brazilian patients. The great majority (92.6%) of the strains were typed as iceA1, while 40.4% were found to possess the babA2 allele. The cagA gene was detected in 73.4% of the strains. The iceA2 and cagA genotypes were associated with PUD, while iceA1 was negatively correlated with PUD. However, considering the high percentage of strains typed as iceA1, these associations must be treated with caution. No clinical entity was associated with the babA2 allele. These results suggest that iceA1 is not a good marker for the diseases associated with H. pylori infection in Brazil. Further studies are needed in order to elucidate the relevance of the babA status, because other studies performed in Brazil have associated the babA2 allele with clinical outcomes. These results also indicate the existence of regional differences in the H. pylori genotypes and their association with clinical outcomes.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed1989

Hyposelenaemia: patients with gastrointestinal diseases are at risk.

A retrospective study of serum selenium determinations performed in a hospital laboratory revealed 47 cases of hyposelenaemia (defined as a serum selenium level below 0.74 mumol l-1). Moderate hyposelenaemia (serum selenium 0.30-0.55 mumol l-1) was found in 11 patients and seven of these suffered from gastrointestinal diseases. Furthermore severe hyposelenaemia (serum selenium below 0.30 mumol l-1) was detected in three patients, who were all affected by gastrointestinal disease. We concluded that patients with gastrointestinal diseases are especially at risk of developing selenium deficiency and should be monitored by repeated determinations of serum selenium. Patients with moderate or severe hyposelenaemia should receive selenium treatment.

Gastrointestinal Diseases↗
PubMed2004

Glutamine supplementation in infants with gastrointestinal disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial.

OBJECTIVE: Glutamine (Gln) is a non-essential amino acid that plays an important role in energy metabolism for gastrointestinal epithelia and other cells with rapid turnover. We evaluated the effects of enteral supplementation with Gln in infants undergoing surgery for congenital or acquired gastrointestinal disease. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-masked, controlled clinical trial. RESULTS: Twenty infants were randomly assigned to receive Gln (n = 9) or placebo amino acid (n = 11), with a goal of supplemental amino acid intake of 0.4 g.kg(-1).d(-1). Infants were weaned from parenteral nutrition, and enteral feeds were started according to a standardized feeding protocol. Median (interquartile range) durations of parenteral nutrition were 39 d (12 to 99) in the Gln group and 21 d (6 to 59) in the control group (P = 0.201). Median (interquartile range) durations needed to reach 80% of the US recommended dietary allowance for energy with enteral nutrition were 24 d (8 to 55) in the Gln group and 12.5 d (5 to 32) in the control group (P = 0.313). There were no differences in the occurrence of infections between groups. Among all infants enrolled, significant correlations were found between duration of parenteral nutrition and residual small bowel length, peak concentrations of direct bilirubin, and alanine aminotransferase. Peak direct bilirubin was associated with longer duration of parenteral nutrition, shorter gestation, older age before feeds were started, shorter bowel length, and larger amounts of parenteral energy and protein intake. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot trial, enteral Gln supplementation was well tolerated among infants with surgical gastrointestinal disease. There was no effect observed on the duration of parenteral nutrition, tolerance of enteral feeds, or intestinal absorptive or barrier function. Larger, multicenter trials in infants with surgical gastrointestinal disease are needed due to the variability in important outcome measurements.

Dietary Supplements↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Autoimmunity in gastrointestinal diseases.

This article is an update on the importance of some gastrointestinal diseases such ulcerative colitis, coeliac disease and some types of diarrhoea, in preceding an autoimmune response. A correlation with autoimmune disease without digestive symptoms, is made (rheumatoid arthritis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, ankylosing spondylitis, and so on). Recognising such interrelations should be followed by search of extradigestive symptoms of autoimmune gastrointestinal diseases, allowing a better understanding of the immunologic phenomena involved.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗