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PubMed1998

Radon reduction systems in the construction of new houses in Gainesville, Florida.

High radon level exposures increase human risk of lung cancer. The objective of this paper is to present the results of the effectiveness of applying the Enkavent mat method and the suction pit method; as tested by a University of Florida research team; to reduce radon entry in new houses built in the city of Gainesville and the surrounding Alachua County area in Florida. Both of these passive techniques include placement of a barrier under the concrete floor slab right on top of the soil at the new building sites. Passive and active techniques applied in the construction of new houses reduced radon levels to below the minimum requirements of 148 Bq m(-3) (4 pCi L(-1)). The mitigation systems investigated in this research were adopted by the Florida Legislature to become part of the new building construction code in Florida.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed2004

Testing the out-of-Florida hypothesis on the origin of cheating in the yucca-yucca moth mutualism.

Mutualistic interactions can be exploited by cheaters that take the rewards offered by mutualists without providing services in return. The evolution of cheater species from mutualist ancestors is thought to be possible under particular ecological conditions. Here we provide a test of the first explicit model of the transition from mutualism to antagonism. We used the obligate pollination mutualism between yuccas and yucca moths to examine the origins of a nonpollinating cheater moth, Tegeticula intermedia, and its pollinating sister species, T. cassandra. Based on geographic distribution and ecological factors affecting the pollinators, previous research had indicated that the cheaters evolved in Florida as a result of sympatry of T. cassandra and another pollinator species. We used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data to investigate the phylogeographic history of the pollinator-cheater sister pair and to test whether the cheaters arose in Florida. Contrary to predictions, phylogenetic and population genetic analyses suggested that the cheaters evolved in the western United States and subsequently spread eastward. Western populations of cheaters had the most ancestral haplotypes and the highest genetic diversity, and there was also significant genetic structure associated with a geographic split between eastern and western populations. In comparison, there was evidence for weak genetic structure between northern and southern pollinator populations, suggesting a long history in Florida. The western origin of the cheaters indicated that the pollinators have more recently become restricted to the southeastern United States. This was supported by AFLP analyses that indicated that the pollinators were more closely related to the western cheaters than they were to geographically proximate cheaters in the east. Shared mtDNA between pollinators and eastern cheaters suggested hybridization, possibly in a secondary contact zone. The results negate the out-of-Florida hypothesis and reveal instead a long, complex, and disparate history for the pollinator-cheater sister pair.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Frequent introductions and climate suitability drive increasing dengue risk in Florida.

In recent years, detection of local dengue cases in Florida have increased in both frequency and geographical extent. From 2022 to 2024, consecutive outbreaks in Miami-Dade County were mainly caused by a single lineage of dengue virus (DENV) serotype 3, prompting questions about changing epidemiology and a transition towards endemicity. In this study, we used mathematical modeling and genomic epidemiology to reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics and drivers of local dengue cases in Florida. We found that annual clusters and outbreaks were caused by frequent short-lived DENV introductions, primarily from the Caribbean, and did not find evidence for local trans-seasonal DENV lineage persistence. Further, we show that the climate-driven increases in local suitability for Aedes aegypti transmission and travel-associated cases were the greatest risk factors for outbreaks in Miami-Dade and the geographic expansion of dengue in Florida. Overall, while we do not yet find evidence for endemicity, we demonstrate how climatic trends are enhancing the local public health risk caused by dengue in Florida.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biotransformation of lignocellulse by the fungi Pleurotus floridae (Fries) Kummer and Phellinus igniarius (Linnearus:Fries) Quelet--the pathogens of white rot in trees].

The peculiarities of lignocellulose biotransformation by white-rot fungi Pleurotus floridae and Phellinus igniarius during their solid-state fermentation of wastes of oil-bearing crops processing has been studied. The dynamics of oil-bearing crops processing wastes bioconversion has been studied. It has been marked that P. floridae utilized 20% cellulose and lignin during 9 weeks and 40% lignin and 30% cellulose during all period of fermentation (19 weeks). The fungus P. igniarius utilized mainly cellulose (40% cellulose and 24% lignin in 19 weeks). Lignin-degradative capacity of P. floridae (KL = 0.57) and P. igniarius (KL = 0.34) has been quantitatively estimated. The degradation of plant biopolimers corresponded to the production of ligninolytic (laccase, Mn(2+)-dependent peroxidase,) and cellulolytic (CMC-cellulase) enzymes. The component and isoenzyme content of ligninolytic enzyme complex of fungi Pleurotus floridae and Phellinus igniarius has been determined.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1985

Florida law creates artificial sustenance dilemma.

Although a model statute for its inclusiveness, Florida's 1984 Life-Prolonging Procedure Act excludes "sustenance" from its definition of life-prolonging procedures that may be forgone. The majority legal opinion has held that the law prohibits withdrawing or withholding nutrition and hydration by whatever means they must be provided. Also, a Florida circuit court decision has disavowed the applicability of the argument that extraordinary life-prolonging procedures violate a patient's constitutional rights. An amendment to repeal the sustenance clause failed, making the question of whether to withdraw--or even initiate--artificial feeding an entirely legal decision, rather than a clinical and bioethical one. The act will have enormous effects at long-term care facilities, where elderly and debilitated patients, as well as the terminally ill and comatose patients the statute addresses, may be force-fed against their wishes. Society must decide whether providing nutrition and hydration is "medical treatment" or whether, because it is basic to human life, it cannot be considered as such. To make such a determination, one must understand that feeding technology includes invasive procedures which might be considered extraordinary. The Florida law, however, does not distinguish between degrees of invasiveness. The law demonstrates that resolving clinical and ethical dilemmas through legislation may result in society surrendering the freedom and responsibility that are essential to ethical decision making.

Catholicism↗
PubMed1994

The passage of Florida's Statute on Assisted Reproductive Technology.

Until 1993, there were no statutes in the United States covering gestational surrogacy contracts, disposition of stored embryos and gametes, parentage of children born from donated gametes and embryos, and the inheritance rights of cryopreserved embryos of deceased donors. In March 1993, the Florida Assisted Reproductive Technology Act was passed to address some of these issues and to minimize the expense and emotional cost of related courtroom proceedings. Authors of the bill believed that motherhood of a newborn in the eyes of the law should be determined by two factors: genetic inheritance and the original intent of the woman to become the parent of record. The bill included the assumption that, in the cases of children born of gestational surrogacy, the commissioning genetic parents would be the "natural parents" of the child. Some of the reasons for legislative success of the statute include: 1) clear need for statutory guidance in cases involving reproductive technology, 2) relevance of the issue to cost containment (ie, judicial costs) in an era of health care reform, 3) careful use of scientific terminology and the support of the medical community, 4) involvement of a skilled legislative team, 5) participation of physician specialists in the development of the bill (ie, practicing gynecologists in assisted reproductive technology programs), 6) participation of the State of Florida legislative staff, and 7) consultation with appropriate lobbying groups (eg, Florida Catholic Conference). The successful legislative process that was followed to achieve passage of this bill can serve as an example for other states to emulate.

Female↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of stage at diagnosis of melanoma among Hispanic, black, and white patients in Miami-Dade County, Florida.

OBJECTIVE: To compare stage at diagnosis of melanoma between non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic patients. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: Melanoma cases reported to the Florida Cancer Data System, with known stage and race/ethnicity information, for residents of Miami-Dade County, Florida, from 1997 to 2002. PATIENTS: Those diagnosed as having melanoma according to the Florida Cancer Data System. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Stage of melanoma at diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 1690 melanoma cases reported with both stage and race/ethnicity information, 1176 (70%) were among non-Hispanic white patients, 485 (29%) were among Hispanic patients of any race, and 29 (2%) were among non-Hispanic black patients. Late-stage (regional and distant) diagnosis was more common among Hispanic (26%) and non-Hispanic black patients (52%) compared with non-Hispanic white patients (16%) (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Advanced stage of melanoma diagnosis among Hispanic and black patients suggests suboptimal secondary prevention efforts in minority populations.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1993

Active morbidity surveillance after Hurricane Andrew--Florida, 1992.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the health status of and to detect disease outbreaks in the population affected by Hurricane Andrew in south Dade County, Florida. DESIGN: The Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services and the US Army conducted active surveillance for gastrointestinal illness, respiratory illness, injury, and other index conditions by monitoring civilian and service member visits to care sites (civilian and military free care sites and hospital emergency departments) from August 30 (1 week after the hurricane's landfall) through September 30, 1992. SETTING: South Dade County, Florida. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportional morbidity: the number of daily visits for each index condition divided by the total number of visits, expressed as a percentage. Morbidity rate: the total number of daily visits by service members divided by the total number of service members, expressed as a percentage. RESULTS: Six index conditions accounted for 41.3% of visits to civilian free care sites: diarrhea (4.7%), cough (4.7%), other infection (9.6%), rash (5.4%), animal bite (1.2%), and injury (15.7%). At military free care sites, five index conditions accounted for 75.7% of civilian visits: injury (23.7%), dermatologic illness (12.4%), respiratory illness (9.9%), gastrointestinal illness (5.3%), and other medical conditions (24.4%). Two index conditions accounted for 54.1% of service member visits: injury (36.2%) and dermatologic illness (17.9%). During the 5 weeks after the hurricane, proportional morbidity from injury decreased; proportional morbidity from respiratory illness increased; and proportional morbidity from diarrhea was stable. No infectious disease outbreaks occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Injuries were an important source of morbidity throughout the surveillance period, especially among service members. Enteric and respiratory agents did not cause disease outbreaks, despite alarming rumors to the contrary.

Disasters↗
PubMed2005

Mortality in Florida professional firefighters, 1972 to 1999.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to occupational hazards among firefighters may lead to increased mortality from cancer, lung, or heart disease. METHODS: Age- and gender-adjusted mortality rates of 34,796 male and 2,017 female Florida professional firefighters between 1972 and 1999 were compared with the Florida general population. RESULTS: One thousand four hundred eleven male and 38 female firefighter deaths with known causes were identified. In male firefighters, mortality due to all causes and most non-malignant diseases was significantly less than expected. There was no excess overall mortality from cancer, but excesses existed for male breast cancer [standardized mortality ratio (SMR = 7.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.99-18.96) and thyroid cancer (SMR = 4.82; 95% CI: 1.30-12.34)]. Mortality from bladder cancer was increased and approached statistical significance (SMR = 1.79; 95% CI: 0.98-3.00). Firefighters certified between 1972 and 1976 had excess mortality from bladder cancer (SMR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.04-3.33). Female firefighters had similar morality patterns to Florida women except for atherosclerotic heart disease (SMR = 3.85; 95% CI: 1.66-7.58). CONCLUSIONS: Excess mortality risk from bladder cancer may be related to occupational exposure during firefighting. The thyroid cancer and breast cancer risk in males, as well as the excess risk of cardiovascular disease mortality noted in females warrant further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Treponematosis in regional and chronological perspective from central Gulf Coast Florida.

Examination of five central Gulf Coast Florida archaeological skeletal series (n = 547) from the late prehistoric and early historic periods reveals the presence of pathological lesions characteristic of treponemal infection. These skeletal remains of native American populations represent a crucial time regarding hypotheses about the exchange of syphilis between the Old and New World or the mutation of one treponemal infection into another. Comparison of the lesions with those observed in modern studies of treponemal infection does not support an interpretation of venereal syphilis. The data from this study and from other archaeological skeletal series indicate the presence of a treponemal disease prior to European contact. The skeletal elements from Florida do not suggest that the disease changed dramatically following contact with Europeans. It is possible that cases of nonspecific postcranial pathology can be explained by the presence of this disease in the Florida populations. This study indicates that a treponemal disease was endemic throughout the region by at least A.D. 1000.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed2005

Spanish colonial effects on Native American mating structure and genetic variability in northern and central Florida: Evidence from Apalachee and western Timucua.

Standard population genetic analyses are implemented for a series of precontact and contact period samples from central and northern Florida to investigate changes in genetic variability and population affinity coincident with the establishment of Spanish missions during the 17th century. Estimates of F(ST) based on odontometric data indicate limited heterogeneity for the Apalachee samples, suggestive of some degree of within-group endogamy for this ethnic group prior to contact. This corresponds well with ethnohistoric reconstructions indicating that Apalachee were populous, partially linguistically isolated from its neighbors, and involved in persistent cycles of warfare with neighboring groups. Estimates of extralocal gene flow for the Apalachee samples indicate limited initial changes in the mating structure of these populations. After 1650, however, extralocal gene flow increases, consistent with evidence for dramatic population movements throughout northern Florida and increased Spanish presence in the province, particularly at the mission of San Luis. Inclusion of non-Apalachee outgroups does not increase estimates of genetic heterogeneity, as was expected based on ethnohistoric data. The pattern of genetic distances suggests a biological division between north and south Florida population groups, consistent with archaeological and ethnohistoric data, and similarly indicates some distinction between precontact and postcontact local groups. Differential extralocal gene flow experienced by pre-1650 Apalachee and Timucua populations suggests localized mission experience. The Apalachee, with large, dense populations, experienced limited initial changes in genetic diversity or mating structure. However, after 1650 they were apparently involved in a much more expansive mating network that may have included Spaniards and immigrant Native American groups to the region. These results are in contrast to the mission experience of the Guale Indians of the Georgia coast.

Florida↗
PubMed1988

Mandatory continuing medical education in risk management training: the University of Florida's experience.

The University of Florida has been able to provide the physicians of Florida with a continuing medical education opportunity to meet their immediate needs. It offers quality education at a modest cost to the individual with considerable savings in time and cost to the individual physician. By using self-study tapes, we have developed a method of teaching physicians that provides positive reinforcement while presenting an overview of the malpractice crisis and detailing its causes. We believe we have made a significant contribution toward improving risk management techniques for the Florida physician.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed2006

Treatment of local breast carcinoma in Florida: the role of the distance to radiation therapy facilities.

BACKGROUND: Breast-conserving surgery combined with radiation (BCSR) is the recommended alternative treatment to mastectomy for local breast carcinoma. However, limited access to healthcare may result in more extensive surgical treatment. The effect of distance to radiation therapy facilities on the likelihood of receiving BCSR was examined in Florida. METHODS: Local breast carcinomas reported to Florida's statewide registry between July, 1997, and December, 2000 were linked to the Agency of Healthcare Administration inpatient and outpatient databases to supplement the registry's treatment data, resulting in 18,903 local breast carcinoma cases treated with BCSR or mastectomy. The odds of receiving BCSR were modeled as a function of distance to the closest radiation therapy facility, adjusting for health insurance, age, race/ethnicity, and marital status. RESULTS: Distance to the closest radiation therapy facility was negatively associated with BCSR, with the odds ratio (OR) decreasing by 3% per 5-mile increase in distance. Compared with the uninsured, privately insured women were 49% more likely to receive BCSR (OR of 1.49; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.20-1.86) and Medicare patients were 37% more likely (OR of 1.37; 95% CI, 1.09-1.72). Age at diagnosis was negatively associated, reducing the odds of BCSR by 1% per year increase in age. Compared with white non-Hispanic, Hispanic women were 38% less likely to receive BCSR (OR of 0.62; 95% CI, 0.55-0.71). Married women were 23% more likely to receive BCSR compared with singles (OR of 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09-1.40); women who were separated, divorced, or widowed did not differ significantly from single women. CONCLUSIONS: Distance to radiation therapy facilities may negatively impact the likelihood of BCSR in Florida. Age at diagnosis, insurance type, race/ethnicity, and marital status were associated with BCSR. Future efforts should target the uninsured, Hispanics, the elderly, and the unmarried women to reduce disparities in the administration of BCSR for local breast carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Valuing snorkeling visits to the Florida Keys with stated and revealed preference models.

Coastal coral reefs, especially in the Florida Keys, are declining at a disturbing rate. Marine ecologists and reef scientists have emphasized the importance of establishing nonmarket values of coral reefs to assess the cost effectiveness of coral reef management and remediation programs. The purpose of this paper is to develop a travel cost-contingent valuation model of demand for trips to the Florida Keys focusing on willingness to pay (WTP) to preserve the current water quality and health of the coral reefs. The stated and revealed preference models allow the marginal valuation of recreationists to adjust depending on current and planned trip commitments in valuing nonmarginal policy changes in recreational opportunities. The integrated model incorporates key factors for establishing baseline amenity values for tourist dive sites, including perceptions of reef quality and dive conditions, the role of substitute sites, and the quality and availability of tourist facilities and recreation opportunities. The travel cost and WTP model differ in identifying critical variables and provide insight into the adjustment of trip decisions across alternative destination sites and the valuation of trips. In contrast to the travel cost model, a measure of the availability of substitute sites and total recreation activities does not have a significant impact on WTP valuations reported by snorkelers. Snorkelers engage in a relatively focused set of activities, suggesting that these recreationists may not shift expenditures to other sites or other recreation activities in the Florida Keys when confronted with increased access costs for the snorkeling experience.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Crossprotective immunity between the Florida and a Zimbabwe stock of Anaplasma marginale.

Cattle immunised by infection with the Florida stock of Anaplasma marginale were protected against subsequent homologous challenge, as demonstrated by complete prevention of microscopically detectable parasitaemia. Identically immunised cattle were partially protected against challenge with the Norton, Zimbabwe stock of A. marginale as determined by the significant prolongation of the prepatent period, a significantly lower peak parasitaemia, and a significantly lower percentage drop in haemoglobin concentration when compared to non-immunised calves challenged identically. The partial protection induced by live Florida stock immunisation demonstrates that while protection-inducing epitopes are shared between the two stocks, induction of complete immunity against a Zimbabwe stock may require alternative presentation of Florida stock epitopes or inclusion of additional Zimbabwe stock epitopes in the immunogen.

Anaplasma↗
PubMed2005

Pulsed losses and degradation of aldicarb in a South Florida agricultural watershed.

The objectives of these studies were to characterize patterns of movement of aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, and aldicarb sulfone from a typical canalized South Florida watershed and to evaluate aldicarb dissipation in surface water in situ within a citrus grove. Surface water samples were collected daily or every other day from the discharge point for the watershed beginning May 15, 2001, through August 15, 2002. Of 457 samples collected, aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, and aldicarb sulfone were detected in 6, 1, and 13, respectively. Aldicarb was detected from February through May 2002, corresponding to the legal application season of January 1 through April 30 in Florida. Aldicarb concentrations ranged from <0.16 to 4.97 ng ml(-1). A single detection (0.99 ng ml(-1)) of aldicarb sulfoxide occurred in March 2001. The majority of aldicarb sulfone detections occurred during June and July, 2001, after the application season, and ranged from <0.22 to 0.89 ng ml(-1). The half-life for aldicarb in fortified, native surface water ranged from 1.86 to 3.64 days depending on the source of water and the presence of sediments. These results demonstrated the utility of sampling on a frequent basis (compared with monthly or quarterly) for better characterizing pesticide discharges, especially in flashy systems such as canal-drained watersheds within South Florida.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of elements in bottlenose dolphins stranded on the beaches of Texas and Florida in the Gulf of Mexico over a one-year period.

We analyzed tissue samples from bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) that had stranded on beaches in Texas and Florida over a 1-year period starting in September 1991. The concentrations of 10 elements plus methyl mercury (MeHg) were determined in brain, kidney, and liver, and we examined these results for differences based upon age, site, sex, and tissue type. A strong inverse relationship between total mercury (Hg) and the percentage that was MeHg was found in liver, kidney, and brain tissue, presumably due to demethylation of MeHg. A threshold concentration was found for total Hg in brain tissue, indicating that most Hg was present as MeHg up to about 8 years of age. Increases in total Hg after this age were accompanied by an increase in the ratio of total Hg to MeHg, indicating demethylation. Strong relationships were found between total Hg in liver and age and between total Hg and selenium in liver, which have been observed before in many fish- and squid-eating marine mammals. The only difference based on sex of the animals was observed for MeHg, which was higher in females and contrary to the pattern often observed for organic contaminants. Several elements (copper, Hg, lead, zinc) exhibited intersite differences, which were not consistent. Bottlenose dolphin from Florida exhibited the highest levels of MeHg and total Hg, while animals from Texas exhibited the highest levels of lead, copper, and zinc. The essential elements copper and zinc were expected to be the same for the Texas and Florida animals; however, observed differences may indicate population differences in basic physiological levels, dietary intake, or health status.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Integrating nonindigenous aquatic plant control with protection of snail kite nests in Florida.

The endangered snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis) feeds primarily on the freshwater apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) in Florida. The nonindigenous, floating water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) impede kites from finding snails. Effective control of these aquatic plants in the littoral zone of central and south Florida lakes benefits kites by maintaining open foraging habitat. However, incidental herbicide spraying of nesting substrates result in nest collapse when kites breed in nonwoody, emergent plants [cattail (Typha spp.) and giant bulrush (Scirpus validus)] in the outer littoral zone during lower lake levels. Many endangered species recovery plans and their implementation have experienced problems due to inaction and/or noncooperation by various governmental agencies and their personnel. Herein, we describe the development and implementation of a buffer zone strategy to prevent secondary impacts from an aquatic plant control program to snail kites nesting on lakes in central and south Florida. A strategy was jointly developed by personnel of five state and federal agencies to control herbicide application near kite nesting areas during the normal breeding season. Although requiring various modifications during its implementation, this cooperative effort successfully integrated aquatic plant control objectives with snail kite conservation on Lake Okeechobee during 1988. The program was expanded the following year to lakes Kissimmee and Tohopekaliga. Since the implementation of the snail kite impact preclusion program, no nest loss was attributed to incidental herbicide applications on lakes Okeechobee, Kissimmee, and Tohopekaliga.

Animals↗