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PubMedDate not supplied

The osmotic effect of glycerol on the stria vascularis and endolymph.

In the chinchilla, quantitative changes in strial thickness, area of the endolymphatic space, serum osmolality, and serum levels of glycerol, glucose, total protein sodium, potassium and chloride were determined at 1, 2, 3 and 5 h after the intraperitoneal administration of 6 g/kg glycerol. The serum osmolality, glycerol, glucose and potassium levels increased, while serum sodium and chloride decreased. Quantitative changes in cochlear structure included an increase in strial thickness and a decrease in area of the endolymphatic space. In all the animals (n = 50), the increase in strial thickness was closely correlated (correlation coefficient r = 0.57) to an increase in serum osmolality. This correlation with strial thickness improved (R = 0.71) when the interval between injection and animal sacrifice was used in combination with serum osmolality. The increase in stria thickness was also closely correlated to an increase in serum glycerol and to a decrease in serum chloride. A decrease in endolymphatic volume was found most consistently at 3 h after the i.p. administration of glycerol.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alternobaric effects on the endolymph.

Hearing loss and vertigo experienced as a result of environmental pressure change has been the subject of many superficial inquiries. The mechanism of these conditions remains obscure. In human volunteers and a rhesus monkey, the effects of intratympanic as well as ear canal pressure changes on the endolymphatic system were measured using electronystagmography (ENG). For the monkey histological evaluation of the pressure effects on auditory structures was performed. We were unable to cause any ENG effects on the monkey neither did we produce intracochlear pathology. The data obtained in humans using a similar approach are presented and explanations for the mechanism related to hearing loss and vertigo in barotrauma are discussed.

Air Pressure↗
PubMed1978

Endolymph flow-pressure patterns in models of semicircular canals. Effects of angular accelerations in one or two spatial planes.

The effects of angular accelerations in one or two spatial planes over the pressure exerted on the cupule of the semicircular canals, was studied using hydraulic models of the canals. The models were accelerated using a torsion pendulum and the resulting flow was monitored. The relative position of the model modifies the direction and magnitude of the flow in each canal and in the equivalent of the utricle where the canals join each other. When simultaneous accelerations in two spatial planes were used, a coriolic effect was observed, which could be significant to explain some vestibular symptoms that occur under similar conditions. From the information obtained with the models, the excitation-inhibition patterns in each of the six semicircular canals can be predicted for accelerations in any given spatial plane or combination of planes.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1993

[Mechanisms of electrogenic secretion of potassium in endolymph].

Endolymphatic potential is assumed to result from active K transport into the endolymphatic compartment and passive K diffusion in the opposite direction. However, in several in vivo experiments, changes in endolymphatic potential differed from that in endolymphatic K concentration. Moreover, in in vitro experiments, a negative endolymphatic potential was observed in presence of ouabain without K gradient between the two compartments. These observations suggest that the coupling between the K transport and the genesis of the endolymphatic potential is not tight. Several factors may influence separately the endolymphatic potential and the K transport such as the acid-base equilibrium, the integrity of the Reissner's membrane, the hormonal status and the Na transport.

Endolymph↗