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PubMed1993

[The hemodynamic disorders in erysipelas of the lower extremities].

Hemodynamic studies in 226 patients with erysipelas of the lower limbs with employment of tetrapolar rheography revealed a marked reduction in the intensity of regional blood flow correlated with the disease severity. Circulation recovery in the affected limb takes place as late as 3 months after the discharge from hospital in primary and secondary erysipelas, but deficient circulation persisted in recurrent disease. This grounds prognostic significance of the rheography. A positive trend in hemodynamic indices was registered upon UV-irradiated autoblood reinfusions which also decreased the relapses frequency.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. A severity factor of erysipelas?].

INTRODUCTION: Occasional superinfection or co-infection with Staphylococcus aureus led us to search for S. aureus carriage prospectively in patients with non-necrotizing bacterial dermophypodermitis, in particular erysipelas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective study included immunocompetent patients with bacterial dermophypodermitis without signs of toxicity or local manifestations suggesting necrotizing fasciitis. Bacteriology tests included: 1) direct immunofluorescence for streptococcus (groups A, C, G) on skin biopsies taken on day 0, 2) samples from the nasal orifices, the intergluteal fold, and potential skin portals for bacteriology culture, and 3) assay of antistreptolysine O and antistreptodornase B on day 0 and 15. RESULTS: The study group included 42 patients (23 females, 19 males, mean age 64 +/- 3.5 yr). In 39 cases (93%) bacterial dermohypodermitis was located on the lower limb with a potential skin portal in 36 cases (86%). Sample culture, direct immunofluorescence or serology findings demonstrated presence of streptococci in 33 cases (79%). Nasal, intergluteal or potential portal were identified in 19 patients (45%) including 16 with demonstrated presence of streptococci. The rate of cure after oral pristinamycin did not vary significantly between carriers (79%) an non-carriers (91%) of Staphylococcus aureus. Drainage of a localized abscess was successful in 5 of 6 patients after initial failure of antibiotic treatment; 4 of them were carriers of S. aureus. CONCLUSION: This prospective study demonstrated that cutaneous-mucosal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is frequent in patients with non-necrotizing dermohypodermitis. This carriage is not a factor of over-morbidity as shown in this group of infections largely dominated by erysipelas.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chemiluminescent reaction of leukocytes stimulated with different agents in patients with erysipelas].

Forty-three patients with erysipelas and 10 donors were examined using chemiluminescent analysis in the presence of latex and staphylococcal reagent containing protein A. Staphylococcal protein A proved to be a more potent activator of oxygen metabolites than latex. Heterogeneity of chemiluminescent response of leukocytes stimulated by different agents makes it possible to assess the functional reserve of neutrophils and differentiate between the hyper-, normo-, and hyporeactive forms of erysipelas.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1996

[Erysipelas and impetigo].

Erysipela is a dermal or hypodermal infection of the skin, which predominantly involves the leg and is associated with high fever. Erysipela is most often caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Venous insufficiency or lymphoedema are important local factors for the development of this infection which spreads from intertrigo, local wound or leg ulcer. Treatment is essentially based on parenteral penicillin G. Impetigo is a superficial infection of the skin due to Staphylococcus aureus or to Streptococcus pyogenes, and is frequent in children. Classical impetigo is made of yellow-brown crusts located around the mouth and nose, whereas bullous impetigo involves frequently the trunk and limbs. Secondary impetigo occurring in pediculosis or scabiosis is frequent. It is a contagious disease which is more frequent in patients with poor hygiene. It can be treated by general antibiotics, mainly macrolides, penicillin M or cephalosporins.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of chemiluminescence in predicting suppurative-inflammatory complications in erysipelas and tonsillitis].

The levels of spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence of whole blood were assessed in 165 patients with erysipelas in the acute period of the infection and in 129 patients followed up for 1 to 6 months after it, as well as in 216 patients with tonsillitis in the acute period of the infection and in 182 ones after it. Induced chemiluminescence was 4-5 times more intensive than spontaneous one in the acute period of streptococcal infections (erysipelas, tonsillitis) during the development of pyo-inflammatory complications; when the disease course was uncomplicated, this difference made up 2.6-3.2 times. During remission of streptococcal infections (in case of recurrences or exacerbations) the initial level of spontaneous chemiluminescence was significantly lowered as against the norm, and the intensity of induced chemiluminescence was 2.35 +/- 0.12 times higher, the normal value being 2.83 +/- 0.15.

Abscess↗
PubMed1977

[Erysipelas at the dermatological clinic in Mannheim 1960-1975].

From 1960-1975 528 patients suffering from erysipelas were treated at the department of dermatology in Mannheim. The relative as well as the absolute incidence of erysipelas increased markedly during this period. There was also a considerable rise in the number of more seriously diseased, therapy-resistent cases. Microbiological studies must be conducted to find an explication for these phenomena.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Production and testing of a live lyophilized bivalent vaccine against Aujeszky's disease and erysipelas in swine].

A live freeze-dried bivaccine against swine erysipelas and Aujeszky's disease in pigs was produced, its antigen titers reaching 10(8) and 10(4.67) for the two components, respectively. The immunity conferred to the vaccinated pigs (so far as Aujeszky's disease is concerned) had an antibody titer of 1:4, and in sheep the titer was up to 1:16, these animals showing resistance at a control infection with 5000 LD50 per head. The vaccinated pigs likewise withstood a control infection with a mixed 24-48-hour broth culture of virulent strains causing swine erysipelas.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphological and morphogenetic characteristics of erysipelas inflammation].

Literature information on morphology and morphogenesis of erysipelas inflammation is analysed in the light of macroscopic, microscopic and histochemical data. Alterations of the epidermis and derma (epidermocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages, plasmocytes and labrocytes) in the foci of inflammation are described in detail. Deficiency of the local mechanisms plays a leading role in chronization of the disease. A pathogenetic role of circulating and tissue associated immune complexes is shown. It is claimed that further study of skin parenchymatous and stromal component and their interaction in both focus of inflammation and outside of it may help in revealing specific parts of erysipelas inflammation pathogenesis.

Epidermis↗
PubMed1998

[Erysipelas and lymphedema].

The most common complication of lymphedema is erysipelas (Saint Anthony's fire). The protein-rich lymph is such an excellent medium for the growth of bacteria that the risk of erysipelas developing is as high in the most severe forms of lymphedema as 50% compared with only 1/1000 in the general population. Treatment requires the use of antibiotics. Of importance for prophylaxis is the rigorous disinfection of minor injuries that provide a portal for bacteria, usually streptococci, and the physical edema therapy described by Asdonk comprising manual lymph drainage and compression.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2004

Determinants of severity for superficial cellutitis (erysipelas) of the leg: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Superficial cellulitis (erysipelas) of the leg is a frequent infectious disease with a favorable outcome, whereas some patients present a serious disease. The determinants of severity for superficial cellulitis (erysipelas) of the leg have not yet been clearly established. In order to determine the characteristics of patients presenting with severe superficial cellulitis of the leg, we analyzed patients with favorable and unfavorable outcome. METHODS: The records of 167 patients referred to Rouen University Hospital for non-superficial cellulitis of the leg were analyzed. Two severity groups of patients were retrospectively defined. Patients in the severe group either died secondary to infection during hospital stay or were hospitalized for a duration at least equal to the 90th percentile (i.e., >21 days of hospitalization). The remaining patients were considered as presenting with non-severe cellulitis. Potential determinants of severity were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis based on logistic regression. RESULTS: From univariate analysis, the following general factors were positively associated with severity: advanced age, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, elevated leukocytosis, and elevated neutrophilia. The local factors associated with severity were ulcer of the leg and arteriosclerosis obliterans of the leg. From multivariate analysis, only age (P=0.004), diabetes mellitus (P=0.01), and leukocytosis (P=0.04) appeared to be independently associated with severity. A close to significant association was also found with arteriosclerosis obliterans of the leg (P=0.07). Whereas general complications occurred more frequently in the severe group, no such difference was observed for local complications. CONCLUSIONS: Determinants of severity for superficial cellulitis of the leg include high age and associated medical conditions. Aged patients and patients with diabetes mellitus, elevated leukocytosis, or possibly arteriosclerosis obliterans of the leg should preferably be hospitalized for specific care of associated conditions to avoid the occurrence of general complications.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Serovar, pathogenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolates from farmed wild boars (Sus scrofa) affected with septicemic erysipelas in Japan.

Six strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae were isolated from farmed wild boars with acute septicemic erysipelas during the period from 1983 to 1998 in Japan. All isolates belonged to serovar 1a or 2 (predominant serovars in swine). The 50 per cent lethal dose values of those isolates ranged from 10(1.3)to 10(6.2)colony forming units in mice. In swine, all isolates were virulent, capable of inducing localized or generalized urticarial lesions after intradermal inoculation. All of the isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline and/or dihydrostreptomycin. These observations suggest that E. rhusiopathiae strains isolated from wild boars may have aetiological significance in swine erysipelas.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Granulomatous lesions in pigs associated with the use of an oil-based erysipelas vaccine.

Severe granulomatous lesions in cervical muscles and lymph nodes, associated with the use of an oil-based erysipelas vaccine, caused considerable economic loss at slaughter in 1400 pigs from the one herd. The condition was reproduced experimentally using the same vaccine, and in a less severe form with another commercially available oil-based erysipelas vaccine.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Treatment and control by vaccination of erysipelas in farmed emus (Dromaius novohollandiae).

OBJECTIVE: To study erysipelas in farmed emus and the treatment and control of the disease by vaccination. DESIGN: A retrospective study of field outbreaks in emus and challenge experiments in mice using field and vaccine strains of the organism. PROCEDURE: Outbreaks of the disease were described. Field strains of the organism were identified and tested by challenge experiments in mice against commercial vaccine strains. RESULTS: Erysipelas was characterised by sudden death in yearling emus. Deaths mainly occurred during the cold wet months. Mortalities of 6 to 10% were seen within the first 7 to 10 days of an outbreak. Clinical signs were uncommon but some birds exhibited lethargy and greenish diarrhoea. Necropsy findings included marked petechial haemorrhages on the serosal surface of the large intestine in particular, pericardial effusion and congestion and mottling of the liver. Treatment consisted of individual or mass medication with procaine penicillin, reduction of stress factors such as overcrowding, and spelling and rotation of paddocks. Isolates from two field outbreaks were identified as strain 21. Complete protection was provided by a commercial strain 2b vaccine against challenge by strain 21 field isolates in mice. Annual vaccination of birds at 4 weeks and again at 8 weeks of age appeared to control further outbreaks on farms where the disease had previously occurred and vaccination appeared to protect for at least 12 months.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Possible genetic variation in resistance of turkeys to erysipelas and fowl cholera.

Natural disease outbreaks of erysipelas and fowl cholera occurred in several lines of turkeys maintained for genetic studies. There were line differences in mortality during both outbreaks, suggesting that there is genetic variation in resistance to these diseases. A line developed by selection for increased egg production had a higher mortality rate from fowl cholera than did the randombred control line from which it was developed. Both the egg line and its control line had a lower mortality rate in the erysipelas outbreak than did a line selected for increased growth rate. Both diseases induced high mortality in a line selected for increased growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cross protection in mice and swine immunized with live erysipelas vaccine to challenge exposure with strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae of various serotypes.

Mice and swine immunized subcutaneously with live vaccine prepared from acriflavine-fast attenuated Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, strain Koganei (serotype 2), were challenge exposed to virulent strains of E rhusiopathiae of various serotypes. Vaccinated mice did not die after challenge exposure to serotypes 1a, 1b, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, or N, but 20% to 30% mortality occurred in vaccinated mice challenge exposed to serotypes 10, 14, 20, or 22. Nonvaccinated control mice died after challenge exposure to all serotypes tested. Vaccinated swine challenge exposed to strain 14B (serotype 9) or strain 2179 (serotype 10) developed localized urticarial lesions at the site of intradermal exposure. Vaccinated swine challenge exposed to serotypes 1a, 1b, 2, 5, 8, 11, 12, 18, 19, or 21 did not have clinical signs of acute erysipelas. Nonvaccinated control swine developed acute generalized erysipelas or localized lesions at the site of intradermal exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Pneumococcal Erysipelas. A unique case in an adult.

The clinical features of a patient with macroglobulinemia and pneumococcal erysipelas are presented. The cellular and humoral factors generated by the host to contain acute pneumococcal tissue invasion are described, and their activities in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Serological assay for swine erysipelas using nitrocellulose particles impregnated with an immunodominant 65 kDa antigen from Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

Pigs (n = 10) that were experimentally challenged with an arthritogenic isolate of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (strain VRS 229; serotype 1a) developed arthritis in at least one of twelve major limb joints. Immunoblots using sera obtained from these pigs at necropsy revealed a major band of immunoreactivity against a subunit polypeptide of apparent molecular mass 65 kDa. The usefulness of the 65 kDa immunodominant subunit as an assay reagent in an ELISA test was examined by presentation of antigen impregnated onto nitrocellulose particles (AINP). This was prepared by electro-transfer of bacterial polypeptides from SDS-PAGE gels to nitrocellulose. Protein bands were visualized by staining with amido black and a strip of nitrocellulose bearing the 65 kDa band was excised and extracted with formic acid. Nitrocellulose particles impregnated with the 65 kDa antigen (65-AINP) were precipitated from solution by neutralization with ammonium hydroxide. 65-AINP was suspended in water and the optimum dilution for ELISA assay was determined by titration to be 0.1 A650 units. Sera from all pigs challenged with VRS 229 reacted against the 65-AINP antigen in the ELISA assay while sera from control, and experimental pigs prior to challenge, failed to do so. The 65-AINP antigen could also be used efficaciously to quantify serological reactivity of pigs experimentally infected with other strains of E. rhusiopathiae representing the three major serotypes (1a, 1b and 2) that are most commonly associated with swine erysipelas infections. Mouse immunizations with 65-AINP also confirmed that nitrocellulose particles bearing the immunodominant subunit antigen will elicit murine antibodies that are monospecific against this determinant.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[About two big buttocks: an erysipelas with lymphoedema after pelvis surgery].

We report the case of a 58-year-old man with erysipelas of both buttocks secondary to lymphoedema after pelvis surgery for prostatic cancer and multiple vascular interventions for iliofemoral thrombosis. The diagnosis was based on clinical examination and lymphoscintigraphy. This location of lymphoedema, limited to the buttocks, is uncommon; lower limbs are usually affected. This location needs a specific curative and preventive treatment, including antibiotic therapy, lymphatic drainage and contention to abate the condition and prevent a relapse.

Buttocks↗