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Emergency EEG and continuous EEG monitoring in acute ischemic stroke.

There is physiologic coupling of EEG morphology, frequencies, and amplitudes with cerebral blood flow. Intraoperative continuous electroencephalographic monitoring (CEEG) is an established modality that has been used for 30 years to detect cerebral ischemia during carotid surgery. These facts have generated interest in applying EEG/CEEG in the intensive care unit to monitor cerebral ischemia. However, its use in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has been limited, and its value has been questioned in comparison with modern MRI imaging techniques and the clinical neurologic examination. This review presents evidence that EEG/CEEG adds value to early diagnosis, outcome prediction, patient selection for treatment, clinical management, and seizure detection in AIS. Research studies correlating EEG/CEEG and advanced imaging techniques in AIS are encouraged. Improvements in real-time ischemia detection systems are needed for EEG/CEEG to have wider application in AIS.

Brain Ischemia↗

PubMed1990

EEG-spectra parameters distinguish pathophysiological and pharmacological influences on the EEG in treated schizophrenics.

Movement related EEG segments of one second duration were analyzed by Fast Fourier Transformation in the Bereitschaftspotential paradigm in 31 neuroleptic treated schizophrenics compared to 21 matched controls. Schizophrenics demonstrated a higher theta mean power density and center frequency together with a lower radius of gyration, skewness and kurtosis in the theta band than controls. The higher theta power in the faster frequency range of the theta band is probably due to neuroleptic medication, but the higher theta power in the lower frequency range may be related to the disease. In the alpha band the schizophrenic group differed from controls by a lower center frequency, higher radius of gyration and skewness. Both groups did not differ in the alpha mean power density. The lower center frequency reflects the fact that alpha activity is distributed towards the lower frequency range which seems to be a consequence of the neuroleptic treatment. The more widespread alpha activity (higher radius of gyration) in schizophrenics indicates less frequency stability, i.e., more desynchronized alpha rhythm which corresponds to a highly activated functional state. By means of the applied spectral parameters more detailed quantitative descriptions of the power distributions in each frequency band are available, allowing to test hypothesis in relation to underlying physiological processes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

[Isoelectric EEG and residual activity in the EEG in clinical brain death syndrome].

The brain death is defined as the complete and irreversible absence of the cerebral and brain stem functions. In case of the dissociated lack of these functions an EEG activity can still be recognizable even in the presence of a brain death syndrome. Own observations in 57 persons with brain death are discussed.

Brain Death↗

PubMed1984

[Short sleep on the EEG--a source of otherwise overlooked EEG abnormalities].

A short sleep portion in an otherwise routinely performed EEG evaluation is often highly informative. This is particularly true for epileptological conditions. Several paroxysmal discharges are demonstrable solely in sleep and/or drowsiness; these potentials remain undetected in a waking tracing. Hence the inclusion of a sleep portion may be crucial in the assessment of epileptic seizure disorders but tends to yield less information in non-epileptic conditions. Sedation (Chloral Hydrate) is recommended if sleep does not occur spontaneously.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Human movement-related potentials vs desynchronization of EEG alpha rhythm: a high-resolution EEG study.

Movement-related potentials (MRPs) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) of alpha rhythm were investigated with an advanced high-resolution electroencephalographic technology (128 channels, surface Laplacian estimate, realistic head modeling). The working hypothesis was that MRPs and alpha ERD reflect different aspects of sensorimotor cortical processes. Both MRPs and alpha ERD modeled the responses of primary sensorimotor (M1-S1), supplementary motor (SMA), and posterior parietal (PP, area 5) areas during the preparation and execution of unilateral finger movements. Maximum responses were modeled in the contralateral M1-S1 during both preparation and execution of the movement. The SMA and PP responses were modeled mainly from the MRPs and alpha ERD, respectively. The modeled ipsilateral M1-S1 responses were larger and stronger in the alpha ERD than MRPs. These results may suggest that alpha ERD reflects changes in the background oscillatory activity in wide cortical sensorimotor areas, whereas MRPs represent mainly increased, task-specific responses of SMA and contralateral M1-S1.

Adult↗

PubMed1968