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PubMedDate not supplied

[Idealization of the father: a necessary consequence in divorce families?].

In a sample on 243 adolescents, it was investigated whether idealization is a necessary consequence for adolescents experiencing parental divorce. Earlier studies emphasized the negative effects of parental divorce on the development of children and adolescents. Due to historic changes in family structure, however, parental divorce has to be conceptualized in more positive terms. In the study presented, idealization of the non-custodial father was only found in a clinical subsample of adolescents, whereas the father-adolescent relationship in non-clinical adolescents from divorced families did not differ significantly from the quality of relationship described by non-clinical adolescents living in two-parent families. The function of idealization in coping with negative affects such as aggression and affliction is discussed, in particular for those adolescents in the clinical sample who rarely have contact with their non-custodial fathers, and the contributions of fathers to hold up this idealization outlined. Idealistic conceptions in adolescents of divorced parents are especially problematic, since adolescents are expected to become disengaged of their parents and develop a mature and realistic perception of them.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The effects of parental divorce on adult tobacco and alcohol consumption.

I use data from the 1977-1994 National Opinion Research Council General Social Survey to examine the impact of parental divorce on the alcohol and tobacco consumption of adult offspring. Divorce greatly increases the likelihood of being a smoker and, for men, a problem drinker. Parental remarriage completely offsets the effects of parental divorce on men's drinking but does not substantially affect cigarette use. Respondent socioeconomic characteristics accounted for a portion of the relationship between parental divorce and smoking but did not affect rates of problem drinking. Social control and psychosocial adjustment--two established explanations for the effects of parental divorce--could not adequately explain my findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Adaptation of adolescents to the death or divorce of parents.].

Research conducted on a sample of 5,539 francophone adolescents of the island of Montréal (from first year of High School to last year of Cégep) shows 446 children with divorced parents (9.82 %) and 330 orphans (7.27%). Simple and controlled comparisons of these two groups with adolescents living with both parents reveal a regular pattern where children of divorced families perceive themselves at a disadvantage, followed by orphans in the middle. The authors also analyse how the length of a divorce, the age at which parents divorced and the sex of the guardian parent influence the children. The authors then discuss the fact there are more girls born from divorced families.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1990

Divorce in contemporary Japan.

Data from the 1985-86 Japanese census are analysed to explore the determinants of the divorce rates in Japan's forty-seven prefectures, using two theoretical models: (a) the social integration model, which is shown to have a greater utility in predicting Japanese divorce levels than (b), the human capital model. Female emigration patterns play a significant role in affecting the divorce rate. Population increase and net household income are also important predictors of the Japanese divorce rate and urbanization has a great influence in modern Japan. Demographic and aggregate variables such as migration, urbanization, and socioeconomic factors are useful when organized under a social integration model.

Divorce↗
PubMed1989

Economic well-being following marital termination: a comparison of widowed and divorced women.

Several studies of divorced and widowed women show increased odds of becoming poor following the termination of marriage. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal data suggest that the end of marriage is correlated with higher poverty rates. Less is know, however, about factors that influence economic well-being over time, and whether these factors are similar for widows and divorced women. This analysis uses data from the National Longitudinal Surveys cohort of mature women (1967-1982) to examine the probability of becoming poor after widowhood or divorce among mid-life women, and factors that seem to influence economic well-being. Findings show that 40% of widows and over 1/4 of divorced women fall into poverty for at least some time during the 1st 5 years after leaving marriage. The type of marital transition experienced by the woman is not a significant factor in economic well-being, but both age and prior economic standing have positive estimated effects.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Demographic determinants of delayed divorce.

This study identifies factors that predict delayed divorce in the US. The findings show that factors which influence marital stability in general also correlate with delayed divorce in the same direction. Wife's age at marriage, age of the youngest child, wife's religion, region of residence, and metropolitan residence have substantial effects of delayed divorce, but the effects of race, parental divorce, premarital pregnancy, and socioeconomic status are small.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Secular changes in divorce in England and Wales by class of decree--a socio-legal analysis.

The author describes changes in divorce law in England and Wales during the twentieth century, focusing primarily on the enlargement of the statutory grounds for divorce. "This paper traces such developments in order to gauge the changes which have taken place in attitudes to divorce, so providing the necessary background for interpreting the main demographic trends in divorce: the long-term increase in level and the changing patterns of petitioning--by grounds and by which partner initiates proceedings."

Attitude↗
PubMed1987

Socio-economic determinants of divorce in Bangladesh.

"This study examines the divorce pattern of Bangladesh with a set of socio-economic factors: education, religion, current residence, childhood residence, work status before and after marriage and age at first marriage. The source of data was ever-married women aged 15-49 of 1975 Bangladesh Fertility Survey. Multiple classification analysis technique was used for analyzing the data.... Divorce is found to have a strong inverse relation with age at marriage, and is more common among illiterates, Muslims, and rural women. The duration of marriage before divorce is found to be very low and the divorce rate is strongly associated with childlessness."

Asia↗
PubMed1993

[Which women experience divorce?].

"This study reports on the determinants of divorce of married Dutch women, born between 1950 and 1969.... The impact of several factors on the divorce process is examined.... The analyses show that the women who have the highest divorce rates grew up in a big city, cohabited before marriage (and are or were religious), married before age 21 in the period 1980-88 and had a child before, or within six months after, the wedding. On the basis of these results, it is estimated that 20% will experience divorce within the first five years of their marriage. The data for the analyses have been derived from The Netherlands Fertility Survey (1988)...." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1998

The social and demographic correlates of divorce in rural Bangladesh.

"This article examines the rate of divorce by age, sex and duration of marital life at the time of divorce in rural Bangladesh for a period of 18 years from 1975 to 1992. An attempt has also been made to investigate the extent to which the incidence of divorce changes with the various socio-economic and demographic characteristics. The overall divorce rates per thousand married males and females declined from 16.1 to 11.5 and 11.8 to 8.4, respectively, during the study periods 1975-1979 and 1989-1992."

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Parental death or divorce and the school adjustment of young children.

This study examined the effects of two potentially crisis-producing experiences, parental divorce or death, on the school adjustment of young children. Children with such "crisis" histories were found to show greater overall school maladaptation than children without such histories. Children of divorce had significantly more acting-out problems than noncrisis controls or death children and those with histories of parental death more serious shy-anxious problems than the other groups. These effects were stable across (a) independent year samples, (b) referred and "normal" nonreferred groups, and (c) urban and rural samples. Differential judgments about the competencies of children who have experienced parental divorce, death, or neither were also found. Divorce children were seen as having fewer competencies than death children or noncrisis controls. The association between specific crisis history and specific school adjustment patterns is seen to have implications for the study of coping with stressful life events and for preventive efforts.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1991

A short-term longitudinal examination of young adolescent functioning following divorce: the role of family factors.

The purposes of this study were to examine young adolescent functioning over a 2-year period after divorce and to assess the role of two family factors, interpersonal conflict and the parent-adolescent relationship, in predicting such functioning. One hundred and twelve young adolescents, their mothers, and their social studies teachers served as participants. One-half of the adolescent were from recently divorced families and one-half were from married families. Mothers completed measures concerning interparental conflict and the parent-adolescent relationship, adolescents completed a measure of the relationship, and teachers completed measures assessing four areas of adolescent functioning. The results indicated that adolescents from divorced families were functioning less well than those from married families. There were no changes in adolescent functioning and the parent-adolescent relationship from the first to second year postdivorce. High levels of interparental conflict in divorced families were associated with more parent-adolescent relationship problems. In turn parent-adolescent relationships problems served as the best predictor of concurrent and subsequent difficulty in adolescent functioning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The nature of interparental conflict of married and divorced parents: implications for young adolescents.

While research has demonstrated that interparental conflict is associated with poor child and adolescent functioning, studies have not yet addressed the characteristics of such conflict. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to report reliability and validity data of a questionnaire, the Interparental Conflict Questionnaire (ICQ), designed to assess the nature of interparental conflict more thoroughly than has been done previously, and (2) to compare the nature of such conflict in a married and divorced sample. Fifty-five married and 46 divorced parents, all of whom had a young adolescent, participated by completing two questionnaires: the O'Leary-Porter Scale and the ICQ. Validity (e.g., correlation with the O'Leary-Porter Scale) was generally acceptable for the ICQ, whereas test-retest reliability tended to be moderate to low. Additional findings indicated that heated arguments rarely occurred. Furthermore, in comparing married and divorced parents, the former discussed issues more and, to some extent, the latter argued more. However, one of the most striking aspects of the findings was the similarity of the married and divorced samples in terms of their conflict. Implications of the findings for understanding and explaining the role of interparental conflict in child and adolescent functioning are explored.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Theory-based screening for prevention: focusing on mediating processes in children of divorce.

Prevention programs in mental health theoretically can benefit from selecting participants who have a greater likelihood of developing psychological problems because of their exposure to the putative mediators targeted for change in an intervention. Screening on mediators may increase statistical power to detect program effects, enhance the cost-effectiveness of intervention trials, and decrease the possibility of iatrogenic effects. The circumstances that optimize the strategy of screening on the basis of mediating variables are discussed, and data are presented to illustrate the development of a mediational selection strategy to identify families who might best benefit from a preventive intervention for children of divorce. In addition, we present evidence that adjustment problems for children experiencing a divorce, as with most mental health problems, are not the result of one specific factor, but are jointly determined by several mediating processes that occur subsequent to the divorce. The mediational selection strategy developed illustrates the utility of measuring a set of mediational processes central to conferring risk for mental health problems to children of divorce.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Stability and quality of life events and psychological symptomatology in children of divorce.

Studied the relations between postdivorce events and maladjustment of children of divorce using a two-dimensional model of events. One dimension concerned the stability of events and included whether they were increases, decreases, or the continuation of stable conditions. The second dimension was quality, and included whether they had a positive or negative valence. Two samples of children of divorce (ns = 142 and 64) ages 8-15 were studied. Children's overall maladjustment as reported by children and parents were the criterion variables. Scores were derived from a life events schedule for children of divorce to assess the occurrence and stability of positive and negative divorce-related events. The relations between event scores and maladjustment were different when children's self-reports and parent reports were used as criterion. In predicting children's self-reported maladjustment (a) stable positive events but not changes in positive events were related to lower maladjustment (b) increased negative events were related to higher maladjustment, and (c) change for the worse was related to higher maladjustment. In predicting parent reports of children's maladjustment, only the relations of the change for the worse score were replicated. Implications of the results for the design of preventive interventions and for the study of children in stressful situations are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Divorce and sex.

Studies on the sex lives of the divorced are relatively few and somewhat dated. Although they give a rather optimistic view of the subject, this research is flawed by high respondent refusal rates and poor representativeness of samples. Further, a major gap in this literature is that the possible predictors of sexual activity of the divorced remain largely unexplored. The present study, using national data on 340 divorced people, indicates a much lower level of sexual activity than found in past research. Regression analyses find that both number of partners and sex frequency are related to religiosity, education, and political liberality. Future research can explore the impact of low sexual activity among the divorced on indicators of emotional well-being.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

Adolescents and their experience of parental divorce.

This paper describes the results of an interview-based study of the reactions of 64 adolescents to the separation and divorce of their parents. The results of the interviews suggest that parental divorce does not necessarily interfere with adolescent development. They also suggest that adolescents would prefer to live in a one-parent home than a two-parent home which is fraught with conflict, and that it is preferable for parents who are unable to resolve such conflict in any other way to separate rather than allow it to persist. Further, the results of the interviews provide some suggestions as to the way divorcing parents should behave if they are to facilitate the adjustment of their adolescent children to the divorce process. In particular, attention is drawn to the extent to which they need to keep their children informed about their intentions, their conduct towards each other following the separation and their conduct in forming and maintaining new relationships.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Divorce and children.

The divorce rate in the United States is currently half the rate of marriages. Whether this rate will continue is not known. Millions of American children have already experienced their parents' divorce and millions more are likely to share the experience in the future. This makes divorce a problem that frequently appears in a pediatrician's patient population. Most children of divorce will experience it at the least as a potent transient stress that disrupts virtually all aspects of their lives. Many will accommodate to their new life circumstances successfully, but a substantial percentage will suffer long-term negative effects. Many of the problems of these children and their families can be anticipated, prevented, or alleviated by thoughtful and timely intervention. The pediatrician can be helpful by serving as the child's advocate, offering anticipatory guidance, helping the family weather the turmoil of the acute stage, screening for maladjustment or maladaptive behavior of children and parents, providing counseling, and referring the children and family for more specialized mental health input when indicated.

Adaptation, Psychological↗