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PubMed1983

Inequality and mortality: demographic hypotheses regarding advanced and peripheral capitalism.

This paper analyzes mortality differences between social classes and between advanced and peripheral regions of the world economy. The demographic analysis of mortality is integrated with the study of political economy, which emphasizes the entire process of social reproduction. As part of this dialectic model, both the struggle of the working class to improve health and the interest of capital in maximizing profits are examined. Data from Québec and Upper Volta are used to illustrate the hypothesis that substantially higher mortality rates exist for the working class compared with the bourgeoisie and in the less developed peripheral regions compared with the more developed regions.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Self-reported health in Poland and the United States: a comparative analysis of demographic, family and socioeconomic influences.

This study compares the social determinants of individual health between the United States, a capitalist society, and Poland, a 'post-communist' society. The effects of demographic factors, family characteristics and socioeconomic status on self-reported health are estimated with OLS regression using data from the 1994 American and Polish General Social Surveys. The results show lower self-reported health and more rapid declines in health for people over 60 in Poland than in the United States. Also, in Poland, women report worse health than do men while the opposite is found for the United States. The relationships between education, income and health were stronger in the United States than in Poland. Age, gender and SES may operate differently in the two countries because of a gap in social development (e.g. varying living standards and styles, health care systems and cultural attitudes) between the West and the former Eastern Europe.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Maxillofacial fractures. Analysis of demographic distribution and treatment in 2901 patients (25-year experience).

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to analyse retrospectively the demographic distribution, treatment modalities, and complications of maxillofacial fractures in 2901 patients treated in this department in Southeast Anatolia between 1978 and 2002. In addition, the use of internal fixation was evaluated in an effort to determine whether there were changes in using internal fixation techniques. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two thousand nine hundred and one cases of facial trauma were assessed according to age, sex, and aetiology, in addition to the distribution of the fractures relating to facial bones and seasons. RESULTS: It was found that facial fractures were most frequent in males (77.5%) and in the 0-10 year age group; they tended to be more frequent during summer (36.3%); and traffic accidents were the most common aetiological factor (38%). 77.9% of cases were treated with conservative methods, and 22.1% with one or more internal fixation techniques. The most favoured technique was miniplate osteosynthesis; the complication rate associated with internal fixation was 5.7%. CONCLUSION: Currently there are many techniques to be used in treating maxillofacial trauma. However, the experience of the surgical team is also an important factor in achieving satisfactory functional and aesthetic results, and in minimizing complications.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1981

An ecological analysis of demographic variation in rural New South Wales.

"Despite an outpouring of ecological work by geographers and others over the past fifteen years, interest in the ecologies of rural areas has been low and firm generalizations about, for example, variations in social and demographic characteristics within rural regions have been slow to emerge. The objective of this paper is to discern the extent to which variations in demographic structures and processes within rural areas are patterned according to the nature of the agricultural economy. Some significant associations between age-sex structure and measures of agricultural intensity and type of farming are discerned for the New South Wales case, but the patterning is complex and owes much to differentiating forces not examined here."

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of demographic and functional subacute (transitional) rehabilitation data.

Demographic and functional data were obtained on 102 patients from three subacute rehabilitation units specializing in low-level traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Functional assessment evaluation was performed using the Disability Rating Scale (DRS). The average admission and discharge DRS scores were 17.4 and 13.6, respectively. On average this patient population improved from an extremely severe level of disability to a severe level. The TBI patient subset improved on average from 20.4 to 13.1. Significant correlation exists between admission, discharge, and differential DRS scores, as has been demonstrated previously in the evaluation of this scale among only TBI patients. No significant correlation was demonstrated between demographic information and DRS scores. Thus, no demographic predictors of good or bad functional outcome were identified. In addition, analyses of relationships between diagnosis, length of stay, and age will provide information about subactute rehabilitation, an emerging but little-studied branch of rehabilitation medicine.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

First 100 cases of gamma knife radiosurgery in Louisiana: analysis of demographics and early results.

Louisiana's first ever Leksell Gamma Knife was commissioned at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC) in Shreveport in January 2000. Between January 2000 and January 2001,113 patients with various indications were treated using the 201-source Co-60 Leksell model "B" Gamma Knife (Elekta Instruments, Atlanta, Georgia) at LSUHSC-Shreveport. Sixty-three patients were female and 50 were male. The patient age ranged between 13 and 87 years (mean age = 57 years). Fifty-eight (51.3%) patients received radiosurgery as the first line of treatment for their disease, while 55 (48.7%) had previous operations or radiation therapy. The median Karnofsky Performance Score of the patients was 80 (range = 70 to 100). Cerebral metastases were the main indication for radiosurgery at our center accounting for 35% of the patients, while meningioma, arteriovenous malformation, trigeminal neuralgia, and primary central nervous system malignant tumors were the other indications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Prospective analysis of demographic situation as a basic element for health system resources development].

As in many Western industrialized nations, Georgians' fertility rate has fallen over the course of the 20th century from a relatively high level to a low one. In 1920, the average Georgian woman was expected to give birth to about 7,5 children in her lifetime; in 2003, that number had fallen to 1,4. This demographic transition is characteristic for industrial and industrializing nations and is usually associated with greater numbers of women joining the work force and increased divorce and cohabitation, all of which tend to reduce family size and drive down fertility rates. Similar patterns have emerged in the United States and other Western countries. This historic population decline has been met with increasing concern in some Georgian strata. The Georgian mass media have overflowed with alarming articles on population issues. Based on popular, nonprofessional interpretations of available vital statistics, some are calling "to save Georgia from depopulation." As a result, the general public has been misled about population issues. The average citizen is likely to draw a direct connection between the current economic slump and a demographic crisis.

Birth Rate↗