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PubMed1988

Reducing inappropriate behaviors of developmentally disabled adults using antecedent aerobic dance exercises.

The effects of aerobic dance exercise on inappropriate behaviors of two developmentally disabled adults were observed in a day activities center. The experimental phase, in which the subjects engaged in exercise with seven other individuals on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday of each week, was preceded and followed by baseline phases in which subjects did not exercise and in which there were no contingencies in effect for the dependent variables. Exercises consisted of those commonly used in exercise dance classes. Observations occurred during 15 minute periods immediately before and following exercise while subjects engaged in regular classroom activities. Observations also occurred in the same time periods on no-exercise days during all phases. Behaviors observed included inappropriate vocalizations, repetitive movements, and off-task. Results indicate for both subjects a decrease in each of the inappropriate behaviors as a result of exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Drug and alcohol-impaired driving among electronic music dance event attendees.

BACKGROUND: Drug-impaired driving has received increased attention resulting from development of rapid drug-screening procedures used by police and state laws establishing per se limits for drug levels in drivers. Venues that host electronic music dance events (EMDEs) provide a unique opportunity to assess drug-impaired driving among a high proportion of young adult drug users. EMDEs are late-night dance parties marked by a substantial number of young adult attendees and elevated drug involvement. No studies to date have examined drug-impaired driving in a natural environment with active drug and alcohol users. METHODS: Six EMDEs were sampled in San Diego, California, and Baltimore, Maryland. A random sample of approximately 40 attendees per event were administered surveys about alcohol and other drug (AOD) use and driving status, given breath tests for alcohol, and asked to provide oral fluid samples to test for illicit drug use upon entering and exiting the events. RESULTS: Driving status reduced the level of alcohol use (including abstaining) but the impact on drug-taking was not significant. However, 62% of individuals who reported their intention to drive away from the events were positive for drugs or alcohol upon leaving. This suggests that these events and settings are appropriate ones for developing interventions for reducing risks for young adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Ballroom dancing and cervical radiculopathy: a case report.

Dance injuries associated with cervical radiculopathy have not been described in the literature. This report describes the case of an international-style ballroom dancer who developed a cervical radiculopathy as a result of frequent lateral rotation and hyperextension of the cervical spine during dancing. The patient's symptoms and signs suggestive of a left C7 radiculopathy were confirmed and documented by both magnetic resonance imaging and electrodiagnostic testing. The patient was treated conservatively with activity modification, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and alternative medicine approaches, including herbs and acupuncture. Her neck pain and cervical radicular symptoms declined in severity, but continued even 4 1/2 months after the onset of her symptoms. She did not wish to try steroids either through an oral or epidural route and refused surgical intervention. This case report illustrates an unconventional manner in which a left cervical radiculopathy was clinically produced. The neck motions and positions of frequent hyperextension and lateral rotation demonstrated by this ballroom dancer simulated a pattern and sequence of movements that promoted the development of signs and symptoms of a left cervical radiculopathy.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed2001

Gender differences in athlete's heart: association with 24-h blood pressure. A study of pairs in sport dancing.

BACKGROUND: Long term athletic training is associated with an increase in left ventricular diastolic cavity dimensions, wall thickness, and mass. These changes are described as the "athlete's heart". In comparison to men, athletic training in women athletes is not a stimulus for substantial increase in left ventricular wall thickness. Although many variables are related to these gender differences in cardiac morphology, some factors such as 24-h blood pressure and the level of training have not been studied yet. Therefore pairs in sport dancing, in which the level of training of both partners is the same, were chosen as models in order to evaluate whether 24-h blood pressure contributes to sex-related differences in an athlete's heart. METHODS: Fifteen pairs in the national sport dancing team and 30 control subjects (15 males, 15 females) were studied. In all subjects casual and 24-h ambulatory blood pressures, echocardiography, and maximal stress testing were performed. RESULTS: Female in comparison to male dancers had significantly lower M-mode (P<0.004) and 2-D left ventricular mass index (P<0.001), 24-h systolic blood pressure (P<0.003), day systolic blood pressure (P<0.002), casual systolic blood pressure (P<0.025), and achieved significantly lower peak systolic blood pressure at stress testing (P<0.004). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the best predictors of 2-D left ventricular mass index are maximal work load and peak exercise systolic blood pressure, 24-h systolic blood pressure, day, and casual systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Lower left ventricular mass index in female dancers can be partly explained by lower systolic blood pressures during 24-h and at exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Dance movement therapy improves emotional responses and modulates neurohormones in adolescents with mild depression.

This study assessed the profiles of psychological health and changes in neurohormones of adolescents with mild depression after 12 weeks of dance movement therapy (DMT). Forty middle school seniors (mean age: 16 years old) volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly assigned into either a dance movement group (n = 20) or a control group (n = 20). All subscale scores of psychological distress and global scores decreased significantly after the 12 weeks in the DMT group. Plasma serotonin concentration increased and dopamine concentration decreased in the DMT group. These results suggest that DMT may stabilize the sympathetic nervous system. In conclusion, DMT may be effective in beneficially modulating concentrations of serotonin and dopamine, and in improving psychological distress in adolescents with mild depression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

ECG effects of aerobic dance: a study of five exercise-conditioned young women.

Monitoring of the heart rate of five healthy well-conditioned women during an aerobic dance routine showed that maximum rates were within acceptable limits for exercise tachycardia except in one subject, who had paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia that subsequently converted to sinus tachycardia. Thus, although aerobic dance seems a benign form of exercise, it can be intense enough to trigger dysrhythmias. Before recommending or approving it for any patient, the physician should take into consideration the person's age, health, and physical fitness level.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Affective responses to an aerobic dance class: the impact of perceived performance.

The current study tests the mastery hypothesis as an explanation for the affective benefits of acute exercise. Participants were 204 undergraduate women who were participating in self-selected aerobic dance classes. Following the class, participants were asked to rate their exercise performance on a 5-point, Likert-type scale. Affect questionnaires were completed prior to and at 5 and 20 min following the aerobic dance class. Results indicated an overall improvement in affect following exercise. Negative valenced subscales were unaffected by performance ratings. Both groups showed similar reductions in these states. There was, however, a significant Group x Time interaction for the positive valenced subscales. High-performance participants reported greater increase in these variables throughout recovery than did low-performance participants. These data support the mastery hypothesis as an explanation for the exercise-induced change in positive affective states.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Ice can look like glass: a phenomenological investigation of movement meaning in one fifth-grade class during a creative dance unit.

The movement meanings of students (n = 19) in one fifth-grade class during a creative dance unit focusing on effort (force, time, space, flow) are investigated using a perspective grounded in transcendental phenomenology (Husserl, 1931). Data were collected via videotape, journal, and homework documents and semistructured interviews. Analytical induction (Patton, 2002) structured a four-step analysis process that reduced meaning to its essential essence. Movement meaning was found to be a multifaceted construct that varied among students within and across five dimensions. To enhance meaningful learning, educators are encouraged to consider reflexively (a) their philosophical orientation relative to knowledge making and curriculum values, (b) instructional techniques that help students' access meaning, and (c) the contribution of dance as a source of meaning.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Therapeutic aspects of aerobic dance participation.

An ethnographic analysis of aerobic dance exercise culture was conducted to determine the impact of the culture on the mind-body connection. After a review of the predominant theories on the relationship between vigorous exercise and elevated mood, aerobic dance participants' experiences are reported to illustrate how cognitive experience and self-esteem may be influenced. Interviews revealed that some participants achieved a pleasantly altered state of consciousness and respite from depression and stress. The relationship of the work ethic to achievement of participant satisfaction is underscored.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dance-based exercise program in rheumatoid arthritis. Feasibility in individuals with American College of Rheumatology functional class III disease.

Many studies have demonstrated that aerobic exercise training is beneficial to prevent physical deconditioning in persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) without inducing adverse effects on individual's joints and general health. After significant results in individuals with RA (Functional Class I and II), the present study was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of a modified dance-based exercise program to improve the physical fitness and psychological state of persons with RA (Class III). Ten (10) female subjects (mean age, 54 +/- 10 years) participated in an eight-week exercise program (twice weekly). Health status, use of medication, joint pain and swelling, cardiorespiratory fitness, activity of daily living, and psychological state were assessed before and after the training program. A high level of participation has been maintained by the participants (mean = 14.8/16 sessions). Most of them were able to perform a maximal exercise test on treadmill and reached 90% of the predicted heart rate at maximal exercise. No significant gain in aerobic power was observed for the group as a whole, but four subjects showed improvements of between 10% and 20% of their cardiorespiratory fitness. Positive changes in depression, anxiety, fatigue, and tension were observed after the eight-week exercise program. No deleterious effect on the health status was observed. These findings provide some evidences as to the feasibility of submitting individuals with RA to a modified dance-exercise program. Further studies, however, are required to determine the long-term effect of weight-bearing exercise on the health status of individuals with RA.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dance movement: a therapeutic program for psychiatric clients.

Findings from a research project on the effectiveness of dance movement with psychiatric clients are reported in this article. The author discusses how dance movement therapy (DMT) improves the emotional, psychological, and physical well-being of psychiatric clients. She then discusses the ways in which expressive and communicative behaviors were used as nursing interventions to facilitate higher levels of wellness.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Basic Reading Through Dance program. The impact on first-grade students' basic reading skills.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of an arts-based educational program, Basic Reading Through Dance. Basic Reading Through Dance is a 20-session, curriculum-based reading intervention for first-grade students developed by Whirlwind, a not-for-profit organization. There were a total of 721 first-grade students from Chicago public schools who participated in the study, with 328 students from 6 schools receiving the program and 393 students from 9 schools serving as controls. The program was designed to improve reading skills, as assessed by the PhonoGraphix Test, such as code knowledge (alphabet sounds) and phoneme segmentation (separating letter sounds within spoken words). Results suggest that the students who participated in the program improved significantly more than control students on all reading skills that were assessed.

Chicago↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The epidemiology of aerobic dance injuries.

Aerobic dance is currently the largest organized fitness activity primarily for women in the United States. In an attempt to identify and characterize the health problems associated with it, 351 students and 60 instructors from six facilities were followed for 16 weeks with weekly telephone calls. Of the 327 medical complaints reported during 29,924 hours of documented activity, only 84 (0.28 per hundred hours) resulted in any disability and only 2.1% required medical care. The shin/leg, foot and ankle accounted for nearly two-thirds of the injuries. Instructors were twice as likely to be injured as students. Both a history of prior orthopaedic problems and a lack of involvement in other fitness activities resulted in higher injury rates. Injury rates were influenced by the design and conduct of the aerobic program but not by brand of shoe or type of flooring. Aerobic dance appears to offer students the potential for fitness enhancement with a minimal risk of injury.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intensive dance practice. Repercussions on growth and puberty.

To determine the effect of intensive sports training on growth and puberty, we studied a group of 97 young female dancers longitudinally for 5 years. We studied the changes in their heights, weights, and pubertal developments and compared these findings with those of a control group. We found that 15 (16%) dancers who started dance training had noticeably decreased growth velocity during the prepuberty stage after the beginning of ballet practice compared with the control group. This group had the same average training time compared with the other dancers, but these dancers were the slimmest and had the most inadequate nutritional intake. Puberty in dancers was delayed compared with the controls. We found that moderately intensive dance practice can lead to eating disorders and weight control early in childhood, with consequences that are poorly known. Weight and height statistics of children who practice individual sports involving body aesthetics must be monitored to detect early anomalies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Expressive bodies: demented persons' communication in a dance therapy context.

Dementia is a disease that brings with it various limitations in the afflicted person's communication with others. The purpose of this study is to explore, not the limitations, but the capacity of the demented person to communicate under conditions that differ from the everyday life of the care institution. Group dance therapy sessions with elderly, demented persons were video-taped and analysed with a focus on how verbal and non-verbal modes of communication were used by the participants. The ways the demented persons use body movements, free dance movements, speech and singing in different combinations is described and discussed in terms of different expressive modes, where body movements are used to substitute or support speech as well as to express thoughts, memories and emotions. The results from the study indicate that under conditions that allow for different modes of expression, the communication of the demented person can be found to be rich and varied in expression and content.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Emotional response to social dancing and walks in persons with dementia.

The emotional response to social dancing and walks in persons with dementia was studied to better understand the feasibility, popularity, and meaning of these activities from the perspective of the patient. Social dance events and walks were videotaped and analyzed using Husserl's philosophy as a basis for the analysis. Six persons with dementia participated in the study. The results are described in terms of four interrelated themes: 1) the engaged body; 2) the caregivers' understanding, encouragement, and response to patients during the activity; 3) mutual tenderness and communion; and 4) environmental conditions. Results were then synthesized into a general assessment of the emotional states observed and reported in relation to the activities.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

The gay dance party culture in Sydney: a qualitative analysis.

We investigated the gay dance party phenomenon in Sydney in terms of its social and historical context by carrying out 16 qualitative interviews with patrons and organisers of these events. Sydney with a population of 3.5 million is both the capital of New South Wales and the Gay capital of Australia. The gay dance party appears to be a response to a number of conditions which co-existed in the mid 1980s, as previously suggested by Wotherspoon (1991). These included the decriminalization of homosexuality and enactment of the anti-discrimination legislation which set the scene for greater expression of a gay lifestyle, the tradition of inner-city gay bars and private parties as meeting places, and the development of an inner-city gay enclave centred around the Kings Cross, Surry Hills, and Darlinghurst areas. In addition, the development of so-called "party drugs" such as Ecstasy which acted as mood-modulators, the availability of appropriately sited venues, with the development of laser-lighting and other computer-generated light shows, and the new threat of HIV infection acted to provide the context for a more ritualized set of social interactions which fulfilled social and psychological needs for many of the gay party patrons.

Adult↗