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PubMed2006

Importance of dye host on absorption, propagation losses, and amplified spontaneous emission for dye-doped polymer thin films.

The absorption spectra of dye-doped polymer thin films made from a variety of five dyes and six matrices, either organic or organomineral, are analyzed to evaluate the residual absorption in the red wavelength tail and in particular at amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) wavelengths. An absorption cutoff wavelength is defined as the extrapolated wavelength at which the absorption losses are expected to become negligible compared to the structure losses. Such absorption-spectrum-extrapolated wavelengths are compared to the ASE wavelengths and found to correlate for most of the dye-matrix couples. The propagation losses of PM597-doped organic polymers are also measured and accordingly found to increase with the glass transition temperature of the host matrix.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

[Injectable dyes: more than 70 years of therapeutic usage of dyes].

Synthetic dyes were first discovered at the end of the XVIIIth century (picric acid by Woulfe in 1771) and during the first part of the XIXth century: rosolic acid (Runge, 1834), mauvein (Perkin, 1856), but their development was major at the end of the XIXth century. Their therapeutic use was really starting at the beginning of the XXth century, mainly by local and oral route. It is only in the 1930's that parenteral route of administration was actually developed: methylene blue, methyl violet are some examples that were used for leprosy and filariasis, respectively. After the 2nd world war, one can observe a rapid decrease of the therapeutic use of dyes by intravenous route. Only a few dyes are still used today, such as patent blue V or fluorescein, as drugs for diagnostic use.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed1999

[Estimated production by the official inspection of coal-tar dyes (including dye aluminum lakes) in fiscal year 1998].

There were 284 official inspections of coal-tar and their lakes in fiscal year 1998, and 283 of the lots qualified, one of the 40 samples of Food Yellow No. 5 was rejected. The quality of coal-tar dyes that passed inspection in Japan in fiscal year 1998 reached 150.3 tons. Coal-tar dye production is summarized by manoth in Table 2 and by manufacturer in Table 3. The food coal-tar dye produced in the largest quantity was Food Yellow No. 4, accounting for 44.1% during this period.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed1992

[Estimated production of coal-tar dyes (including dye aluminum lakes) based on official inspections in 1991].

The total number of official inspection of coal-tar dyes and their lakes from April in 1991 to March 1992 was 835. The quantity which passed inspection amounted to 240 tons in Japan. The official production of color dyes each month in summarised in Table 1 and that by various manufacturers in Table 2. The food coal-tar dye produced in the largest quantity was Food Yellow No. 4, occupying 44.6% of the total during this period.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed2004

Oxidative treatment characteristics of biotreated textile-dyeing wastewater and chemical agents used in a textile-dyeing process by advanced oxidation process.

The oxidative treatment characteristics of biotreated textile-dyeing wastewater and typical chemicals such as desizing, scouring, dispersing and swelling agents used in the textile-dyeing process by advanced oxidation process were experimentally studied. The refractory organic matters remained in the effluent of biological treatment process without degradation may be suitable for the improvement of biodegradability and mineralized to CO2 by combined ozonation with and without hydrogen peroxide. On the other hand, the refractory chemicals contained in the scouring agent A and swelling agent may not be mineralized and their biodegradability may not be improved by ozonation. However, the BOD/DOC ratio of scouring agent B increased from 0.3 to 0.45 after ozonation. Based on the results described above, advanced treatment process involving the ozonation without and with the addition of hydrogen peroxide, followed by biological treatment was proposed for the treatment of refractory wastewater discharged from the textile-dyeing process.

Bioreactors↗
PubMed1984

Suitability of Fantagen dyes and tablet blisters for the disperse dye immunoassay.

Among the numerous labels employed in immunoassays dye sol particles have been introduced but recently. This report deals with a modification of the disperse dye immunoassay (DIA). It is shown that Fantagen dyes to which antibodies were adsorbed physically and tablet blisters as solid phase give satisfactory results with the model antigens alpha 2-macroglobulin and the group specific component of human plasma.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1993

[Trials in ab-interno sclerostomy with a pulsed dye laser using a scleral dye: reactive black 5].

Several reports have described the successful performance of ab interno sclerostomies using a pulsed dye laser (666 nm) a goniolens and methylene blue as a scleral dye. However, the laser energy was found to have a bleaching effect on the methylene blue; therefore, methylene blue was replaced by reactive black-5 (RB-5), which seemed to be a more stable dye. To assess laser parameters using RB-5 we compared the number of pulses needed to perforate excised human sclera at different pulse durations (4-8 microseconds), energy levels (50, 100, 130-150, 200, 300 mJ) and delivery angles (20 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees). Fewer pulses were needed at a shorter pulse duration and higher energy levels. Above 200 mJ, 8 pulses for perforation could not be reduced; however, the width of the fistula increased. With a decrease in the delivery angle, the number of pulses for perforation increased non-proportionally above the calculated increase of the length of the fistula. At an angle of 20 degrees no perforation could be achieved even if 200 pulses of the maximal energy of 200 mJ were applied. This indicates that eyes with flat anterior chambers cannot be successfully treated.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed1992

Labeling with fluorescent carbocyanine dyes of cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells by growth in dye-containing medium.

We describe a method for labeling cultured endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) by letting the cells grow for three days in culture medium containing a low concentration of the fluorescent carbocyanine dyes DiI and DiO. We show that good labeling can be obtained with considerably lower concentrations (2.5 micrograms/ml) than has previously been described. With optimal concentration the labeling is very strong and seems to label all membranous structures in the cells. It was possible to clearly distinguish differentially pre-labeled cells both in coculture and seeded on denaturated vascular grafts. The cells remain fluorescent for more than seven days and may be passaged with retained proliferative capability. We suggest that DiI/DiO-labeling using dye-containing medium may be used for several cell types and is applicable in tissue culture and in the detection of implanted cells in vivo.

Carbocyanines↗
PubMed1992

Coomassie blue protein dye-binding assays measure formation of an insoluble protein-dye complex.

The solubility of the protein-Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) complex formed upon Bradford (Anal. Biochem. 72, 248-254, 1976) or Sedmak and Grossberg (Anal. Biochem. 79, 544-552, 1977) protein assay has been investigated by centrifugation or filtration of the assay mix within 10 min of adding dye reagent. The results show complete loss of color yield in the respective supernates and filtrates. This indicates that the protein-CBB complexes are insoluble at the time of absorbance measurement. Protein solubility in the dye reagent may dictate the relative response of the assay to an individual protein and the requirement for macromolecular structure.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Interference in the Coomassie Brilliant Blue and Pyrogallol Red protein dye-binding assays is increased by the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate to the dye reagents.

We have investigated the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) upon the response of the Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) and Pyrogallol Red-molybdate (PRM) protein dye-binding assays to interference from aminoglycosides, ampholytes, detergents, phenothiazines, reducing agents, and miscellaneous substances previously reported to interfere with the assays. The CBB assay was less prone to interference than the PRM assay but gave positive interference with the detergents and the phenothiazines and negative interference with dextran sulfate. The PRM assay gave positive interference with the aminoglycosides, ampholytes, and phenothiazines and negative interference with SDS, citric acid, dextran sulfate, EDTA, oxalic acid, and tartaric acid. The level of interference varied in the presence of different proteins (albumin, gamma globulin, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, or lysozyme) and increased when SDS was added to the dye reagents.

Indicators and Reagents↗
PubMed1988

Effects of sodium dodecylsulphate, dye concentration and paraprotein on coomassie blue dye-binding assays for protein in urine.

Various Coomassie Blue reagents, containing either increased dye concentration or added sodium dodecylsulphate, were compared with a biuret method for the assay of total protein in urine. When immunoglobulin free light chain protein or immunoglobulin paraprotein were present, results from the Coomassie Blue methods were up to 50% lower than with the biuret method; increased dye concentration did not improve comparability substantially, but the addition of sodium dodecylsulphate reduced the bias to about 20%. When neither free light chain protein nor immunoglobulin paraprotein was present, results from the Coomassie Blue methods were only about 30% lower. The addition of sodium dodecylsulphate reduced this bias to 10%. Correlations between the biuret and the Coomassie Blue method were best when the Coomassie Blue reagent contained 40 mg/L sodium dodecylsulphate (r better than 0.98 in all groups; p less than 0.001).

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1989

Rhodamine-123 as a new laser dye: in vivo study of dye effects on murine metabolism, histology and ultrastructure.

Rhodamine-123 (Rh-123) is a mitochondrial-specific dye that has recently proven to be an effective fluorochrome for photo-dynamic therapy of squamous carcinoma cells and melanomas with the Argon laser. Complete eradication of heterotransplanted human tumors in nude mice was possible if tumors were first "sensitized" to Rh-123 and then treated with the Argon laser. Prior to initiation of human testing of this technique, the toxicity and pathological changes in BALB/c mice were tested by an escalating dose schedule after systemic injection of Rh-123. Animals' body weight, blood chemistry, enzymes and organ evaluation for histology, and ultrastructural changes were analyzed for 3 weeks after injection with Rh-123. The results of this study demonstrate that Rh-123 has significant systemic toxicity in BALB/c mice injected at doses of 10 micrograms/g of body weight and above, manifested by chronic weight loss and elevation of muscle enzymes with death of the animals injected at doses higher than 50 micrograms/g of body weight. At doses of 1 micrograms/g of Rh-123, no local or systemic toxicity was observed even after a 3-week follow-up, suggesting that safe and effective tumor sensitization might be possible in humans at this concentration. The high effectiveness of this new technique of photodynamic therapy and the low toxicity of this dye in this preclinical model system suggests that Rh-123 and the Argon laser may represent a powerful new method for treatment of superficial malignancies.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Direct comparison of in-vitro and in-vivo Photofrin-II mediated photosensitization using a pulsed KTP pumped dye laser and a continuous wave argon ion pumped dye laser.

A pulsed KTP pumped dye laser (25 kHz repetition rate and 470 nsec pulse width) has been compared to a continuous wave argon ion pumped dye laser as the source of 630 nm light during in-vitro and in-vivo Photofrin-II mediated photosensitization studies. Individual experiments documented the effectiveness of each laser system on a) photosensitizer induced cytotoxicity and induction of stress protein synthesis using Chinese hamster fibroblasts; b) photobleaching of Photofrin-II in aqueous solution; c) Photofrin II mediated photosensitization of normal mouse skin; d) Photofrin II mediated photodynamic therapy of a mouse mammary carcinoma; and e) tumor temperature levels generated during laser exposure. Comparable results were obtained for both laser systems in all experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of the flashlamp pulsed dye laser with the argon tunable dye laser with robotized handpiece for facial telangiectasia.

This prospective study compares the efficacy, side effects, and patient acceptance of the flashlamp pulsed dye laser (FPDL) with the argon tunable dye laser with robotized handpiece (ATDL/H) for facial telangiectasias. Seventeen adult patients with bilaterally symmetric facial telangiectasias were enrolled. The right cheek on each patient was treated in one session with the FPDL at a fluence of 6.0-6.75 J/cm2 and a spot size of 5 mm. The left cheek was treated at the same session with the ATDL/H at a power of 1 W, a fluence of 26-27 J/cm2, and a hexagonal treatment area of 13 mm (127 individual 1 mm spots grouped mechanically by the handpiece). Patients were evaluated subjectively and by the investigators at 2, 4, and 6 weeks for blistering, swelling, bruising, changes in pigment, scarring, overall efficacy, and patient preference. Average treatment times were 5.4 minutes for FPDL and 9.4 minutes for ATDL/H. Blistering, crusting, and discomfort were completely resolved on both sides by week 2 in all patients. Bruising occurred in all patients with FPDL but had resolved in 62.5% of patients at 2 weeks and 100% at 4 weeks. There was no bruising with ATDL/H. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation was much more prominent with FPDL but had resolved in 88% of cases by week 6. As rated by the investigators 100% of the FPDL treated areas showed excellent clearing of telangiectasias, compared with 47% of ATDL/H treated areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Comparison study of a traditional pulsed dye laser versus a long-pulsed dye laser in the treatment of early childhood hemangiomas.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The role of pulsed dye laser (PDL) in the treatment of childhood hemangiomas is still controversial because of the inherent characteristics of hemangiomas as well as the side effects of the PDL. Recently, the long pulsed dye laser (LPDL) with cryogen spray cooling (CSC) has been found relatively more effective and safer than the PDL in the treatment of port-wine stains and telangiectasia. This study was designed to compare the efficacy and complication rate of PDL versus LPDL for treating childhood hemangiomas. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: We did a prospective, randomized, controlled trial in which we enrolled 52 Asian infants, aged 1-3 months, with early hemangiomas. These infants were assigned to PDL treatment (n = 26) or LPDL treatment (n = 26) and followed to age 1 year. A PDL with a wavelength of 585 nm and spot size of 7 mm and a LPDL with a wavelength of 595 nm and spot size of 7 mm were used. Each patient in the PDL group was treated with energy fluence between 6 and 7 J/cm(2) and a pulse duration of 0.45 milliseconds without epidermal cooling. Each patient in the LPDL group was treated with energy fluence between 9 and 15 J/cm(2) and a pulse duration of 10-20 milliseconds, utilizing CSC to protect the epidermis. Each group was treated at 4-week intervals until the lesion cleared. When each patient reached an age of 1 year, outcome measures such as clearance rate, time period of maximum proliferation, and complications were assessed. RESULTS: The number of children whose lesions showed complete clearance or minimal residual signs at 1 year of age was 14 (54%) in the PDL group and 17 (65%) in the LPDL group (P = 0.397). Compared with the LPDL, PDL treated children had more hypopigmentation (3, 12% vs. 8, 31%; P = 0.001), more hyperpigmentation (2, 8% vs. 4, 15%; P = 0.005), and more textural changes (1, 4% vs. 6, 23%; P = 0.001). The average time period of maximum proliferation in the LPDL group was significantly shorter than that of the PDL group (106 days vs. 177 days; P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Early treatment of childhood hemangiomas with the LPDL is safer and more effective than the PDL.

Asian People↗
PubMed1983

The extent of dye-coupling between exocrine acinar cells of the mouse pancreas. The dye-coupled acinar unit.

Sustained intra-acinar microiontophoretic injection of the fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow CH in isolated fragments of mouse pancreas reveals a finite limit to the extent of intercellular communication between acinar cells. In two preparations for which complete sets of serial sections could be obtained the dye-coupled intercommunicating acinar units consisted of 110 and 230 individual exocrine acinar cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Romanowsky dyes and romanowsky-Giemsa effect. 1. Azure B, purity and content of dye samples, association (author's transl)].

Azure B is the most important Romanowsky dye. In combination with eosin Y it produces the well known Romanowsky-Giemsa staining pattern on the cell. Usually commercial azure B is strongly contaminated. We prepared a sample of azure B-BF4 which was analytically pure and had no coloured impurities. The substance was used to redetermine the molar extinction coefficient epsilon (v)M of monomeric azur B in alcoholic solution. In the maximum of the long wavelength absorption at v = 15.61 kK (lambda = 641 nm) the absorptivity is epsilon (15.61)M = (9.40 +/- 0.15) x 10(4)M-1 cm-1. This extinction coefficient may be used for standardization of dye samples. In aqeuous solution azur B forms dimers and even higher polymers with increasing concentration. The dissociation constant of the dimers, K = 2,2 x 10(-4)M (293 K), and the absorption spectra of pure monomers and dimers in water have been calculated from the concentration dependence of the spectra using an iterative procedure. The molar extinction coefficient of the monomers at 15.47 kK (646 nm) is epsilon (15.47)M = 7.4 x 10(4)M-1 cm-1. The dimers have two long wavelength absorption bands at 14.60 and 16.80 kK (685 and 595 nm) with very different intensities 2 x 10(4) and 13.5 x 10(4)M-1 cm-1. The spectrum of the dimers in aqueous solution is in agreement with theoretical considerations of Förster (1946) and Levinson et al. (1957). It agrees with an antiparallel orientation of the molecules in the dimers. It may be that dimers bound to a substrate in the cell have another geometry than dimers in solution. In this case the weak long wavelength absorption of the dimers can increase.

Azure Stains↗
PubMed2003

Simultaneous modified barium swallow and blue dye tests: a determination of the accuracy of blue dye test aspiration findings.

The overall objective of this pilot study was to determine blue dye test reliability and validity for the identification of aspiration of secretions, food, and/or drink in 50 simultaneously administered blue dye (BDT) and modified barium swallow (MBS) tests of tracheostomized individuals. With the MBS as an objective test of aspiration, BDT sensitivity and specificity identifying aspiration were less than 80% and 62%, respectively. Certain tracheostomy tube conditions and food consistencies were associated with more accurate BDT aspiration results than others. Characteristics of the aspiration episodes, interpretation of the results, and needs for further research are discussed.

Administration, Oral↗