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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Effect of hyperprotidic diet associated or not with hypercalcic diet on calcium oxalate stone formation in rat.

The aim of this study was to determine whether protein, administered alone or simultaneously with a hypercalcic diet, was able to aggravate calcium oxalate stone formation in rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of 8 rats each and assigned a calcium oxalate lithogenic diet added to their drinking water for 3 weeks. One group, used as reference, received a standard diet prepared in our laboratory. The second was assigned the same diet but supplemented with 7.5 g animal proteins/100 g diet. The third received a diet containing 500 mg calcium more than the standard group. The diet given to the last group was supplemented with calcium and protein at the same doses indicated previously. One day before the end of treatment, each animal was placed in a metabolic cage to collect 24-hour urine samples and determine urinary creatinine, urea, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, uric acid, citric acid and oxalate levels. Immediately thereafter, aortic blood was collected to determine the same parameters as in urine. The kidneys were also removed to determine calcium oxalate deposits. Our results showed an increased 24-hour urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate and uric acid and decreased urinary citric acid excretion only in groups that received protein supplementation. At the same time, calcium oxalate deposits were found significantly higher in hyperprotidic diets than reference or calcium-supplemented groups. According to these findings, glomerular filtration, fractional excretion of urea and reabsorption of water, calcium and magnesium were found significantly lower in hyperprotidic diets compared to other groups. These results demonstrate that proteins could seriously aggravate calcium oxalate stones and cause renal disturbances.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Short-term consumption of a low-fat diet beneficially affects plasma lipid concentrations only when accompanied by weight loss. Hypercholesterolemia, low-fat diet, and plasma lipids.

Study subjects (6 women and 5 men) over the age of 40 years with fasting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations > 130 mg/dL were studied during three 5-week diet phases and one 10-week phase: baseline (36% fat: 13% saturated fatty acids [SFA], 12% monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFA], 8% polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA], and 128 mg cholesterol/1000 kcal); reduced fat (29% fat: 7% SFA, 9% MUFA, 11% PUFA, and 85 mg cholesterol/1000 kcal); and two low fat (15% fat: 5% SFA, 5% MUFA, 3% PUFA, and 73 mg cholesterol/1000 kcal). Body weight was maintained during the first three 5-week phases (baseline, reduced fat, and low fat [-->energy]) and decreased during the last 10-week phase when the low-fat diet was provided such that the subjects determined, in part, their caloric intake (low fat [decreases energy]). Mean body weight declined by 0.62 +/- 0.47 kg/wk during the first 5 weeks and 0.43 +/- 0.43 kg/wk during the second 5 weeks of the 10-week low-fat (decreases energy) period. Relative to the baseline diet, plasma cholesterol concentrations decreased from 226 +/- 33 to 195 +/- 19 (-13%), 208 +/- 22 (-7%), and 190 +/- 19 (-15%) mg/dL when the subjects consumed the reduced-fat, low-fat (--> energy), and low-fat (decreases energy) diets, respectively. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations decreased from 158 +/- 28 to 128 +/- 16 (-18%), 134 +/- 17 (-14%), and 119 +/- 15 (-23%) mg/dL when the subjects consumed the reduced-fat, low-fat (--> energy), and low-fat (decreases energy) diets, respectively. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations decreased from 48 +/- 11 to 42 +/- 9 (-10%), 35 +/- 7 (-25%), and 38 +/- 8 (-18%) mg/dL when the subjects consumed the reduced-fat, low-fat (--> energy), and low-fat (decreases energy) diets, respectively. Triglyceride concentrations increased from 110 +/- 32 to 115 +/- 31 (8%), 188 +/- 76 (75%), and 130 +/- 32 (22%) mg/dL when the subjects consumed the reduced-fat, low-fat (--> energy), and low-fat (decreases energy) diets, respectively. Maximal changes in plasma lipid concentrations were observed after the first 5 weeks of the low-fat (decreases energy) diet phase despite continued weight loss throughout the entire 10-week diet period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effects of diet and antihypertensive therapy on creatinine clearance and serum creatinine concentration in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study.

Factors other than the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can affect creatinine clearance (Ccr) and serum creatinine concentration (Pcr). The effect of dietary protein and antihypertensive therapy on Ccr the reciprocal of the Pcr (1/Pcr). and their determinants (GFR, creatinine clearance from tubular secretion (CTScr), and creatinine excretion (UcrV) values) was assessed in patients participating in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study. This study compared the effects of assignment to a low versus usual-protein diet and to a low versus usual-blood pressure goal on the decline in these measurements over 3 yr in 585 patients with baseline GFR of 25 to 55 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (Study A). This study also assessed correlations and associations of these measurements with each other and with protein intake, blood pressure, class of antihypertensive agents, and renal diagnosis in 840 patients with baseline GFR of 13 to 55 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (Studies A and B). In Study A, the estimated mean decline in GFR at 3 yr did not differ significantly between the low and usual-protein diet groups (-10.9 versus -12.1 mL/min). In contrast, CTScr declined more in the low-protein diet group (-7.8 versus -3.6 mL/min, P < .05). Consequently, the low-protein diet group had a greater decline in Ccr (-17.6 versus -14.4 mL/min, P < .05). The low-protein diet group also had a greater decline in UcrV (-306 versus -92 mg/day, P < .05). The decline in UcrV was proportionately greater than the decline in CTScr hence the decline in 1/Pcr was less in the low-protein diet group (-0.091 versus -0.122 dl/mg, P < .05). Similarly, in Study A, there was no significant difference in the decline in GFR at 3 yr between the low and usual-blood pressure groups (-10.7 versus -12.3 mL/ min). However, there was a lesser decline in CTScr in the low blood pressure group (-4.7 versus -6.7 mL/ min, P < .05). Consequently, the decline in Ccr was less in the low blood pressure group (-14.2 versus -17.8 mL/min, P < .05). There was no significant difference in UcrV between the blood pressure groups (-192 versus -205 mg/day). Hence, the decline in 1/Pcr paralleled the decline in Ccr; it was less in the low blood pressure group (-0.091 versus -0.122 dL/mg, P < .05). In Studies A and B, correlations of rates of decline in Ccr and GFR were 0.64 and 0.79, respectively (P < 0.001). Correlations of rates of decline in 1/Pcr and GFR were 0.79 and 0.85, respectively (P < 0.001). In Studies A and B combined, baseline GFR, CTScr and UcrV correlated significantly with protein intake (r = 0.45, 0.47, and 0.36, respectively; P < 0.001), but not with blood pressure. Baseline CTScr was significantly lower in patients with polycystic kidney disease and tubulointerstitial diseases or urinary tract diseases, compared with glomerular and other diseases (P < 0.05). It was also lower in patients who were taking calcium channel blockers, compared with patients not taking these agents, and in patients not taking diuretics, compared with patients taking diuretics (P < 0.05). These results show that creatinine secretion and excretion are affected by protein intake. Creatinine secretion is also affected by antihypertensive therapy and renal diagnosis. In the MDRD Study, the low-protein diet reduced creatinine secretion and excretion, and the low blood pressure goal slowed the decline in creatinine secretion. These effects caused differences between the diet groups and between the blood pressure groups in Ccr and 1/Pcr that were not the result of differences in GFR. Studies assessing the effects of these interventions on the progression of renal disease should measure GFR in addition to Ccr and Pcr.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1990

Estimating diet digestibility: a comparison of 11 techniques across six different diets fed to rams.

Six digestion trials were conducted using eight Suffolk rams (four/trial; two trials run concurrently) to determine the ability of 11 techniques to estimate in vivo apparent DM digestibility (DMD). Diets (trials) were as follows: 1) ad libitum access to chopped fescue hay, 2) ad libitum access to alfalfa hay, 3) limit-fed fescue hay, 4) limit-fed alfalfa hay, 5) 25% soybean meal and 75% fescue hay and 6) 40% rolled corn and 60% alfalfa hay. Total feces were collected for 7 d following a 21-d adaptation to each diet. Digestibility methods evaluated were the following: 1) in vitro disappearance (INVITRO); 2) 48 h and 3) 72 h in situ nylon bag (48NB, 72NB); 4) 48NB followed by a 48-h acid pepsin digestion; 5) 96 h and 6) 144 h in vitro fermentation followed by NDF analysis (INDF96 and INDF144) 7) 96 h and 8) 144 h in vitro fermentation followed by ADF analysis (IADF96 and IADF144); 9) ADL ratio; 10) alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment before ADL analysis (APFPRE) and 11) alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment after ADF extraction of ADL (ADLPST). Apparent in vivo DMD was accurately estimated (P greater than .10) by INVITRO, ADL and APLPST with Diet 1. However no marker accurately estimated in vivo DMD when fescue was limit-fed. Apparent DMD of Diet 2 was accurately predicted (P greater than .10) by INVITRO, but when Diet 2 was limit-fed, only 48NB and 72NB predicted (P greater than .10) DMD accurately. In vivo DMD coefficients for Diet 5 followed a pattern similar to that of Diet 1. Diet 6 was predicted by INVITRO, 48NB, INDF96, INDF144 and IADF96 (P greater than .10). Results suggest that caution should be exercised when using these techniques, because no single technique provided accurate estimates across all diets and feeding conditions.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

[The effectiveness of low-calorie diet or diet with acupuncture treatment in obese peri- and postmenopausal women].

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare the efficacy of low calorie diet and low calorie diet applied together with acupuncture in treatment of obesity in peri- and postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty nine obese peri- and postmenopausal women qualified for hormone replacement therapy were divided into two groups. Women from the first group (n = 33) during six months used a low calorie slimming diet: 1000 kcal below daily energy requirement (1200-1500 kcal per day on the average), 5-6 meals a day, consisted of proteins in 10-15%, fat in 25% and carbohydrates in 60-65%. The second group (n = 36) during this period had the same kind of diet as well as one cycle of six-week acupuncture procedures. Each cycle consisted of 12 procedures (2 per week). Following acupuncture points were applied: -GV 20 (Baihui), CV 12 (Zhongwan), ST 36 (Zusanli), ST 21 (Liangmen), ST 25 (Tianshu), LIV3 (Taichong), LIV 13 (Zhangen), P 6 (Neiguan), H 7 (Shenmen); auriculotherapy--55 (Shenmen), 87 (Stomach). RESULTS: In the first group on the low calorie slimming diet mean body weight decreased from 85.48 +/- 8.48 kg to 77.07 +/- 7.7 kg (BMI dropped from 33.23 +/- 1.90 kg/m2 to 29.95 +/- 1.66 kg/m2) during six-week period (p < 0.001). In the second group (acupuncture together with a low calorie diet) decreased mean body weight from 85.5 +/- 5.99 kg to 72.68 +/- 6.06 kg (BMI dropped from 33.54 +/- 1.77 kg/m2 to 28.51 +/- 2.00 kg/m2) at the same time (p < 0.001). The mean drop of body weight as well as BMI was significantly higher in the group treated with acupuncture and slimming diet (12.81 +/- 2.85 kg and 5.03 +/- 1.08 kg/m2) than in the low calorie diet group (8.41 +/- 2.02 kg and 3.28 +/- 0.78 kg/m2); p < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Our results testify to the higher efficacy of the complex low calorie diet and acupuncture treatment in comparison to the low calorie therapy in the lowering of BMI and body weight. 2. Acupuncture seems to be an additional useful healing method in treatment of menopausal obesity.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1987

[An eicosapentaenoic acid-rich diet in relation to a reducing diet and physical training].

The effect of a mackerel diet alone or in connection with reducing diet and physical training has been tested during 4 weeks in 49 male patients with cardiovascular diseases undergoing a cure and in 45 males with healthy metabolism. 1st group: 15 persons with healthy metabolism, 240 g/die supplementary mackerel diet, no physical training; 2nd group: 16 cure patients with reducing diet (5,000 kJ/d), no mackerel diet, no physical training; 3rd group: 14 cure patients with reducing diet and a proportion of mackerels of 125 g/d, no physical training; 4th group: 19 cure patients with reducing diet and mackerel diet 125 g/d as well as daily swimming training (20 to 30 min). The decrease of beta-C and Apo B was most distinct in groups 3 and 4 and lay between 21 and 35%. The combination reducing diet with proportion of mackerels proved to be most effectively for the decrease of the atherogenic LDL and was superior to the monotherapies. A significant increase of the HDL (measured in alpha-C and Apo A) took place only in group 4 with simultaneous performance of physical training, alpha-C increased by 31 and Apo A by 8%.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effects of a vegetarian diet vs. a vegetarian diet enriched with avocado in hypercholesterolemic patients.

To determine the effects of a vegetarian diet with avocado as a source of monounsaturated fat on serum lipids, thirteen patients with phenotype II (twelve with IIa and one with IIb) dyslipidemia were included in a prospective, transversal and comparative study in which three four-week diets randomly assigned were assessed. One vegetarian diet (ALVD) was composed of 70% carbohydrates, 10% proteins and 20% lipids. Another was composed of 60% carbohydrates, 10% proteins and 30% lipids, 75% of which was supplied by avocado (AVD). A third diet was an avocado-added free diet (FDWA). Body weight, body mass index (BMI), and serum lipids (total cholesterol (TC), high (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides (TG)) were evaluated. AVD produced a significant decrease in LDL. ALVD did not change TC and LDL, while FDWA increased them slightly. The three diets reduced TG levels, but only ALVD did so significantly. All three diets reduced HDL levels, particularly ALVD, which produced the greatest reduction. Low-fat, carbohydrate-rich vegetarian diets may be harmful to hypercholesterolemic patients. The avocado addition to a vegetarian diet does not correct these undesirable effects. To obtain beneficial effects on lipid profile with avocado, lower amounts of carbohydrates and polyunsaturated fatty acids are probably needed.

Adult↗