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PubMed1990

Shifts in calcium in ischemic and reperfused rat hearts: a cytochemical and morphometric study of the effects of diltiazem.

Effects of diltiazem upon mitochondrial ultrastructure and distribution of calcium were studied following ischemia (27 minutes) and reperfusion (30 minutes). Hearts receiving no drug recovered low contractile function, while mitochondria nearly doubled in cross-sectional area (0.98 vs 0.56 micron 2) and were structurally damaged (1.88 vs 0.17 score). Mitochondria contained fine calcium deposits (0.029-micron diam) in mildly damaged cells, larger deposits in moderately damaged cells, and a large deposit (0.17-0.29-micron diam) in severely injured cells. Glycocalyx Ca2+ stain, observed in nonischemic hearts, was reduced in moderately and severely damaged cells. Increased mitochondrial Ca2+ may be associated with loss of glycocalyx Ca2+. Diltiazem (7.5 microns), added before ischemia, improved recovery of contractile function and prevented mitochondrial swelling, structural grade change, and increase in mitochondrial Ca2+. Reduction in mitochondrial Ca2+ stain by diltiazem was associated with the maintenance of normal glycocalyx Ca2+.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of visual deprivation on the cytochemical differentiation of neurons in the separate laminae of the rabbit superior colliculus].

The neurons of lamina II, III, VII of the superior colliculus are interferometrically shown to develop features of cytochemical underdevelopment in response to the exclusion of specific visual impulsation. Of the neurons of the lamina studied, lower protein contents in their cytoplasm and nuclei are characteristic, in addition to smaller sizes in comparison with normal ones. A definite specificity of these changes is revealed, which is explained by morphofunctional peculiarities of the neurons of the lamina of the superior colliculus studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of triton X-100 on cytochemical and ultrastructural pattern of chromatin.

The action of Triton X-100 on chromatin was observed in normal rat liver, thymus and ascites hepatoma cells. For DNA cytochemistry and thin-section electron microscopy the cells were treated with the permeabilizing 0.05% concentration of Triton 0.5-1% Triton treatment was applied to rat thymus nuclei spread on electron microscopic supports. Triton caused a compactness of chromatin in stained nuclei, in ultrathin sections and nuclear spreads. The most prominent feature of the tritonized higher order fibre is an increased regularity of its structure. In the nuclei stained for DNA with toluidine blue, Triton caused a sharp increase of optical density in the comparable zone of the spectral maximum and a shift to the shorter wave lengths. Cells treated with Triton exhibit an exaggerated anisotropic staining reaction. The cytochemical and cytophysical changes induced by Triton X-100 are explained by a polymerization caused by an increased regularity of the chromatin fibre structure.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of blood cell status on cytochemical reactions].

Using luminescence microspectroscopy, it was shown that the cytochemical reaction between acridine orange and nucleic acids of fixed blood cells in smears depends on the physical state of these cells during the study. On fixation, the cellular membrane transforms into a semipermeable envelope thus causing an increase in size and light scattering of cells under the action of osmotic pressure of solvents used to wash the preparations. As a consequence, the migration of energy from monomers to dimers increases, which should be taken into account when interpreting the data on the cytochemical reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunocytochemical characterization of human blood cells.

A simple immunocytochemical method using calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase as the enzymatic indicator to demonstrate surface antigens on human blood cells has been developed. The blood cells were labeled with cell specific monoclonal antibodies followed by linkage with an antiimmunoglobulin alkaline phosphatase conjugate. Cytochemical demonstration of alkaline phosphatase activity on the blood cells reflects the presence of surface antigens on these cells. The effects on the cytochemical reaction of fixation, substrates, couplers, activators and inhibitors, and storage of cytologic materials have been examined systematically. The best staining conditions are to incubate labeled smears in a 0.04 M barbital buffer at pH 7.6 containing 30 mg% naphthol AS-TR phosphate, 40 mg% fast red ITR, and 1 mM levamisole. This method is both sensitive and specific and appears most practical for objective identification of the human blood cells.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1996

Effect of interferon therapy on bone marrow morphology in chronic myeloid leukemia: a cytochemical and immunohistochemical study of trephine biopsies.

The effect of interferon (IFN) therapy on bone marrow features in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been studied on successive trephine biopsies (mean interval 13 +/- 8 months) by cytochemical and immunohistochemical methods in combination with morphometry and in comparison with a control group of patients who received monotherapy by busulfan (BU). Following IFN administration (IFN-alpha frequently in combination with IFN-gamma), there was a decrease in neutrophil granulopoiesis accompanied by a significant expansion of erythroid precursors and increased numbers of hemosiderin-laden macrophages. These changes corresponded with the hematologic response in 21 of the 25 patients investigated. Numbers of megakaryocytes and reticulin/collagen fiber density increased during treatment. Most conspicuously, in responding patients atypical micromegakaryocytes, usually characterizing CML, were partially replaced by normal-sized cells of this lineage. These features are in keeping with the assumption of a reappearance of the normal hematopoietic cell clone as the result of IFN therapy, which was not found in the BU-treated control group. On the other hand, a relevant subpopulation of micromegakaryocytes (about 30%) was still maintained. This result probably relates to the failure to improve myelofibrosis more effectively. Analysis of cell proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen-PCNA) and apoptosis (in situ end labeling) revealed a reduction in PCNA labeling and increased numbers of cells undergoing programmed death. Identification of the activated subset of macrophages (alpha-D-galactosyl residues expression) by appropriate lectin histochemistry disclosed an increase in the number of GSA-I binding cells. These findings were exclusively limited to IFN administration and reflect an inhibitory effect of IFN on cell proliferation and stimulation of programmed cell death. The latter phenomenon probably results in increased phagocytosis of clonally transformed myeloid cells by GSA-I-positive (activated) macrophages.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effects of deep freezing on the energy metabolism of bovine spermatozoa during in vitro capacitation: A cytochemical approach.

In order to study the effects of deep freezing on the energy metabolism of bovine spermatozoa, a cytochemical quantitative study was carried out by a microdensitometric method on cytochrome oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities. These were evaluated in situ on individual frozen-thawed bull spermatozoa collected at different times during in vitro capacitation. The results showed that in bull spermatozoa both the initiation of motility and capacity to fertilize eggs were associated with the anaerobic rather than aerobic glycolysis. The freezing-thawing processes and storage in liquid nitrogen induced a general enhancement of both the enzymatic activities examined. The high ionic strength treatment gave rise to a significant but reversible decrease in both the cytochrome oxidase and LDH activities in the fresh as well as in the frozen-stored sperm. The findings, based on cytochemical observations of energy metabolism of spermatozoa and evaluated during in vitro capacitation, suggest that the respiration and the anaerobic glycolysis of spermatozoa seem to be slightly impaired by the freezing-thawing and storage processes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi with heart muscle cells: ultrastructural and cytochemical analysis of endocytic vacuole formation and effect upon myogenesis in vitro.

The process of interaction of bloodstream trypomastigotes of three different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi with heart mouse muscle cells in primary cultures, was analyzed. Differences were found in the ability of the parasites to infect the cells. Those from the Colombiana strain were more infective than those from the Y and CL strains. Infection of the cells with parasites of the Colombiana strain, but not with those of the Y strain, interfered with the normal myogenic process. Transmission electron microscopy of thin sections of heart muscle cells kept in contact with parasites for 18 h showed that many parasites are found within membrane-bounded endocytic vacuoles. Cytochemical localization of Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase, adenylate cyclase and anionic sites (labelled with cationized ferritin) indicate that these components of the plasma membrane are not found in the membrane which lines the endocytic vacuole.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of mixture of nitric and chlorine oxides on lymphocyte acid phosphatase activity in rats].

In rats chronically exposed to the mixture of nitric (1.22 mg/m3) and chlorine (1.02 mg/m3) oxides acid phosphatase activity (AcP) in peripheral blood lymphocytes as well as its intracellular distribution, were studied using Barka and Anderson's cytochemical method. Depressive effects of these compounds upon lymphocytic system were found in form of lymphocytopenia and a decrease in AcP--negative lymphocytes percentage. Evaluation of intracellular AcP distribution indicated that the mixture of nitric and chlorine oxides intensified enzyme diffusion from lysosomal granules into cytoplasm. The authors believe that lymphocytopenia results from the reduction in B lymphocytes number. At the same time they consider the contribution of these changes to immune reactions of the organism.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Functional morphology of lysosomal cationic proteins in neutrophilic granulocytes].

Data on cytochemical analysis of cation proteins in human and animal neutrophil granulocytes are discussed. Deficiency of cation proteins in blood neutrophils was detected at the step of mammals early postnatal development; reaction of the proteins to stress-effects in considered. Cytochemical evaluation of cation proteins in neutrophilic granulocytes may serve as one of criteria of the unspecific resistance state.

Animals↗