Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Cyclopentolate”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Accuracy of noncycloplegic autorefraction in school-age children in China.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of noncycloplegic autorefraction in a representative sample of school-age children in China. METHODS: Refractive error was measured with an autorefractor, both before and after cycloplegia induced with cyclopentolate, in a population-based sample of 4973 children between the ages of 7 and 18 years. Spherical equivalent refractive error and astigmatism as represented by Jackson crossed-cylinders (J0 and J45) were the main outcome measures. RESULTS: Noncycloplegic measurements of equivalent spheres were consistently more negative or less positive than those after cycloplegia, with mean +/- SD differences of -1.23 +/- 0.97 D. The differences were particularly large for hyperopic eyes (mean difference of -2.98 +/- 1.65 D for hyperopia of at least +2.00 D) while becoming progressively smaller for emmetropic eyes, and smaller yet for myopic eyes (mean difference of -0.41 +/- 0.46 D for myopia of -2.00 D or more). Increasing age was associated with increased, but clinically insignificant, differences. Little difference was found between noncycloplegic and cycloplegic measurements of astigmatism: mean J0 and J45 differences were -0.08 +/- 0.13 D and -0.01 +/- 0.09 D, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Noncycloplegic autorefraction was found to be highly inaccurate in school-age children and, thus, not suitable for studies of refractive error or for prescription of glasses in this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Secondary bacterial keratitis associated with shield ulcer caused by vernal conjunctivitis.

PURPOSE: To report a patient with vernal keratoconjunctivitis-induced shield ulcer superinfected with Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS: Observational case report. A 12-year-old boy who had been followed for vernal keratoconjunctivitis for 3 years was admitted to our clinic complaining of visual loss, photophobia, and a ropy discharge. On slit-lamp examination, a transversely oval shield ulcer, which was situated in the center of the superior third of the cornea, was seen in the left eye. The vernal corneal plaque area and margins were infiltrated, and hypopyon was also observed. With the diagnosis of shield ulcer with secondary bacterial keratitis and hypopyon, the patient underwent medical treatment consisting of topical fortified cefazolin (50 mg/mL) and tobramycin (14 mg/mL), lodoxamide 0.1%, prednisolone acetate 1%, cyclopentolate, and systemic cetirizine. RESULTS: After treatment, the bacterial keratitis, shield ulcer, and inflammation in the anterior chamber disappeared. CONCLUSION: Bacterial keratitis associated with shield ulcer may be rarely observed in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment may prevent permanent complications and vision loss.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

The effect of mydriasis on the pupillary centration of the human eye.

The change in pupil centration occurring as the human eye pupil dilates, both naturally in darkness and following the use of a mydriatic drug (cyclopentolate HCl, 1%), has been measured photographically. In both cases, changes in centration of up to 0.4 mm have been found. Using available ocular wavefront aberration data, modulation transfer curves have been derived for two eyes for centration changes of 0.2 mm. The importance of these changes in the formation of the retinal image, and hence on visual performance, is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of surgical performance with intracameral mydriatics in phacoemulsification surgery.

PURPOSE: To evaluate surgical performance using intracameral mydriatics (ICM) in phacoemulsification surgery in a series of consecutive cases. METHODS: In a series of 198 consecutive procedures 50-200 microl of cyclopentolate 0.1%, phenylephrine 1.5% and lidocaine 1% was given intracamerally for mydriasis and anaesthesia. The previous 198 cases, dilated with topical mydriatics, were studied for comparison. Several pre- intra- and postoperative parameters were registered, and the subjective surgical performance was graded after each procedure. In 41 consecutive cases, the change in pulse and oxygen saturation induced by the ICM injection was registered. RESULTS: No increase in operation time or complication rates was seen with ICM, compared to when standard topical mydriatics were used. The subjective surgical performance was ranked as equally good for both groups. CONCLUSION: From this clinical evaluation, our impression is that ICM performs well in routine phacoemulsification surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Reliability of diagnostic tests for contact allergy to mydriatic eyedrops.

Adverse reactions due to the administration of mydriatic eyedrops are not uncommon. In Spain, the most commonly used are phenylephrine, tropicamide and cyclopentolate hydrochloride. In this study, 37 patients with adverse reactions to the administration of mydriatic eyedrops were investigated from January 1993 to June 1997. The aim was to assess the reliability of the diagnostic methods used, particularly the adequate concentration of allergens and the introduction of conjunctival challenge as a safe and accurate diagnostic tool in those patients who could not be diagnosed by other methods. Phenylephrine was the drug most frequently causing sensitization (93.5%) among the 31 allergic patients. Preservatives were the cause in only 1. Patch testing detected allergy in 68.5% of the subjects. 2 concentrations (1% and 10%) and vehicles (pet. and aq.) were used for phenylephrine. The most reliable was 10% aq. Reading at D4 was more useful than at D2. The sensitivity of the patch test was low (72.4%) and its negative predictive value (NPV) poor (42%). In 24% of patients, allergy to phenylephrine was detected only by conjunctival challenge test. This diagnostic method is safe and helpful and has not previously been used to diagnose adverse reactions due to mydriatic eyedrops.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Myopia prevention and therapy. The role of pharmaceutical agents. Japanese studies.

In order to normalize the condition of pseudomyopia, the following can be summarized: One percent cyclopentolate was effective in 63%, and 0.4% tropicamide was effective in 59% of the cases. With a value of 68% after labetalol eye drops there were no significant differences in efficacy between this drug and the above cycloplegics. In subjects treated only with placebo, 4 out of 16 eyes, i.e. 25% were relieved. A significant difference (P less than 0.01) was found between the results with the above 3 drugs and placebo. On the other hand, the efficacy of 0.25% timolol (effect in 28%) and chemical X (effect in 37%) were not significantly different from the effect of placebo, though the results with chemical X encourage further trials. It can be postulated that by releasing an abnormal tension cycloplegics reduce the myopic condition. Regarding the hypotensive action of beta-adrenergic blockers on intraocular pressure, it presumably depends mainly on inhibition of secretion in the ciliary body. The fact that labetalol appeared effective, and timolol not, in treatment trials of slight myopia might imply that the mechanism behind an effect of labetalol on slight myopia is not merely a beta-adrenergic blocking action.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Reduction in mydriatic drop size in premature infants.

In a prospective study of 26 premature infants, 5 microliters microdrops were compared with standard 26 microliters eye drops of cyclopentolate 0.5% and phenylephrine 2.5%. There was no statistical difference in pupil dilatation. The 5 microliters microdrops have potentially fewer adverse effects in premature infants.

Cyclopentolate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toxic keratolysis from combined use of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs and topical steroids following vitreoretinal surgery.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the corneal complications associated with the combined use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and topical steroids following vitreoretinal surgery. METHOD: Description of corneal lesions in three patients after vitrectomy with use of topical ketorolac and prednisolone acetate. RESULTS: Three eyes of three patients developed an atrophic central corneal ulcer with stromal thinning following a pars plana vitrectomy under local anesthesia. Lesions were asymptomatic and were found during a routine examination 2, 3, and 8 weeks after surgery, respectively. Surgical indications were as follows: a preretinal membrane, choroidal neovascularization, and massive uveal effusion following cataract surgery. Topical postoperative treatment was as follows: ketorolac 4 times a day, a combination of prednisolone acetate, polymyxin B, and neomycin 6 times a day, and 1% cyclopentolate 3 times a day. Suspension of ketorolac and ocular occlusion led to the resolution of corneal lesions between 2.5 and 3 months later, yielding a central superficial scarring, which showed no changes after a follow-up of 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: Toxic keratolysis may appear as a secondary effect of the combined use of topical NSAIDs and steroids following vitreo retinal surgery and must be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of postoperative corneal lesions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Systemic response to mydriatic eyedrops in neonates: mydriatics in neonates.

During routine dilation of 48 newborns, systemic responses and pupil dilation were monitored. Both 10 percent aqueous and viscous phenylephrine caused blanching around the eyes and produced considerable rise in blood pressure. Dilatation average 4.7 mm. In a double blind study, a 2.5 percent solution caused no skin blanching and no change in pressure or heart rate. Average dilation was 4.5 mm. No blood pressure changes were observed with either one percent cyclopentolate or one percent tropicamide. Average dilatations were 5.0 mm and 5.3 mm respectively. The above agents, used individually for a total dosage of three drops in each eye did not provide adequate dilation for a thorough funduscopic examination. Our protocol at United Hospitals Medical Center is a safe combination of drugs and provides excellent dilatation averaging greater th an 7 mm. No skin blanching or change in heart rate was observed.

Birth Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cycloplegic refraction after echothiophate iodide.

Retinoscopy under cycloplegia using cyclopentolate (Cyclogyl) hydrochloride was performed on 18 patients (36 eyes) with partial or complete accommodative esodeviation, during and after treatment with echothiophate (Phospholine) iodide. Measurements were clinically comparable on both occasions, regardless of concentration of echothiophate, duration of administration, or interval from discontinuance until refraction. It appears to be unnecessary to discontinue echothiophate iodide in order to obtain reliable cycloplegic retinoscopic measurements.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abolition of feeding intolerance following ophthalmologic examination of neonates.

Administration of mydriatic medication and ophthalmologic examination have previously been associated with feeding intolerance, characterized by large retained gastric aspirates and abdominal distention. In an attempt to eliminate this problem, we instituted a policy of withholding feedings for four hours following ophthalmologic examination. A prospective series of 50 consecutive patients was then followed to determine the incidence of feeding intolerance 24 hours prior to and 24 hours following the examination. All infants had received cyclopentolate hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride prior to the examination. A critical review of the nursing notes revealed no increased incidence in feeding intolerance during the 24-hour period following examination. There were no cases of necrotizing enterocolitis during either period. This study provides evidence that the incidence of feeding intolerance following ophthalmologic examinations might be reduced by withholding feeding for four hours after the examinations.

Cyclopentolate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A mydriatic eye-drop combination without systemic effects for premature infants: a prospective double-blind study.

Eye drops used for diagnostic mydriasis may produce systemic side effects in preterm infants. Studies on the pupil dilating and systemic effect of various mydriatic agents yielded conflicting results. We conducted a prospective randomized double-blind study on the systemic effect of two mydriatic eye-drop combinations. Thirty-nine preterm infants were randomly assigned to two groups. An eye-drop combination of 2.5% phenylephrine and 0.5% tropicamide (group D) was compared with the combination of 0.5% cyclopentolate and 0.5% tropicamide (group F). Either eye-drop combination was followed by 0.5% tropicamide given 20 minutes later. Heart rate (HR) and the systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were recorded before and after eye-drop instillation and after ophthalmoscopy. A control session with NaCl eye drops was added for each infant. A significant increase of BP and HR peak values was observed within 7 to 10 minutes after the cyclopentolate/tropicamide combination only. On the other hand, the mydriatic effect of the phenylephrine/tropicamide combination was significantly superior to that of the cyclopentolate/tropicamide combination. We recommend the combination of 2.5% phenylephrine and 0.5% tropicamide to achieve a sufficient diagnostic mydriasis without systemic side effects in preterm infants.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed2004

[Phacoemulsification without mydriasis before surgery: benefits to the patient].

PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency of side effects (ataxia, dizziness and dry mouth) due to systemic absorption of parasympatholytic eye-drops, before phacoemulsification. METHODS: This single surgeon, prospective, randomized and controlled study included 303 consecutive patients selected to undergo phacoemulsification with topical and intracameral anesthesia. Patients were distributed in two groups; those receiving no mydriatics before surgery (n=151) as control group and those dilated with cyclopentolate 1% and tropicamide 1% eye-drops (n=152) as the study group. Ataxia, dizziness and dry mouth were recorded in both groups by the same observer. Surgery time and changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures were noted. Note was also taken of the cases where pupil widening maneuvers and a second intracameral instillation of lidocaine 1% plus epinephrine 1/200,000 were needed. RESULTS: Fifteen patients (9.9%) suffered ataxia in the study group vs. three patients (2%) in the control group. Twenty-three patients (15.1%) suffered dizziness in the study group vs. two patients (1.3%) in the control group. Thirty patients (19.7%) experienced dry mouth in the study group vs. ten patients (6.6%) in the control group. No significant changes in blood pressures, surgery time and pupil dilating maneuvers were noted between groups. The odds ratio for a second intracameral instillation was 2.0 in the control group vs. the study group. CONCLUSIONS: Lidocaine 1% plus epinephrine 1/200,000 as an adjunct to topical anesthesia during phacoemulsification showed to be an effective and safe alternative to abolish side effects caused by systemic absorption of mydriatics eye-drops before surgery.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Valsalva retinopathy-like hemorrhage associated with combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy in a patient with developmental glaucoma.

This case describes valsalva retinopathy-like hemorrhage in a patient with developmental glaucoma who underwent primary combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy. A 12-year-old boy with developmental glaucoma in both eyes developed shallow anterior chamber following combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy in his right eye. He underwent air injection for reformation of the anterior chamber under general anesthesia. Following reformation of the anterior chamber on the 5th postoperative day, examination of the patient revealed valsalva retinopathy-like hemorrhage. The patient was treated with betamethasone and cyclopentolate in the postoperative period, and was followed by complete absorption of the retinal hemorrhages with retention of normal visual acuity. Valsalva retinopathy-like hemorrhage may occur with valsalva maneuver during general anesthesia.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Closed angle glaucoma induced by phospholine iodide and epinephrine in a case of open angle glaucoma].

A patient suffering from open angle glaucoma was treated with topical phospholine iodide and epinephrine. Before treatment the anterior chamber was deep and the angle wide open in both eyes. Two weeks after beginning treatment there was an acute elevation of pressure to 52 mm hg in the right eye accompanied by myopia, shallowing of the anterior chamber and closure of the angle. These findings were dramatically reversed by the instillation of one drop of tropicamide and one drop of cyclopentolate. Simultaneous contraction of the dilator and sphincter muscles of the iris in this case probably caused pupillary block and closure of the anterior chamber angle, in spite of the initially wide open angle. Phospholine iodide may also have caused a spasm of the ciliary muscle and a forward movement of the lens, in a manner similar to that thought to occur in malignant glaucoma. Strong miotics together with epinephrine should be used cautiously in the treatment of glaucoma even when the initial examination shows a wide open angle.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Autosomal recessive inheritance of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese infants.

Hong Kong Chinese infants were refracted by retinoscopy at regular intervals between the age of approximately 10 and 40 weeks. Cyclopentolate 1% was used to obtain cycloplegia. The spherical equivalent of the refractive error was calculated for each child and analysis of variance carried out according to the refractive status of the parents. From approximately 20 weeks of age a significant difference was found between the mean spherical equivalent of the refractive error of infants of parents both of whom were myopic and that of infants of parents neither of whom was myopic. At 40 weeks of age a good fit with an autosomal recessive probability model was obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of mydriasis and cycloplegia on close-range visual acuity in pseudophakia].

We have studied 21 eyes of 17 patients which underwent 3 Months before a standard extracapsular cataract extraction and implantation into the sulcus of a posterior chamber lens. All the eyes had a final uncorrected far and near vision of 0.4 (20/50) or better. We have measured the uncorrected near vision before and after pupillary dilatation with 5% phenylephrine. Then, after additional 0.5% cyclopentolate induced cyclopegia, near vision was evaluated again. Our results show a statistically significant decrease in the uncorrected near vision after pupillary dilatation (p less than 0.001). On the contrary additional cyclopegia does not significantly reduce the uncorrected near vision (p greater than 0.08). Our observations confirm the importance of unimpaired pupillary movement as regards best possible uncorrected near vision in pseudophakic patients. The activity of the ciliary muscle does not seem to mainly contribute to the phenomenon of pseudoaccommodation.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Factors affecting the normal perimetric profile derived by automated static threshold LED perimetry. II. Accommodative microfluctuations.

The relationship between accommodative fluctuations and perimetric sensitivity was investigated in a group of 10 clinically normal emmetropic subjects using the Dicon AP3000 computer-assisted perimeter at a bowl luminance of 10 asb. Accommodative microfluctuations were attenuated with the antimuscarinic drug cyclopentolate HCl 1% and the concomitant mydriasis was matched on a separate trial using the sympathomimetic phenylephrine HCl 10%. Saline 0.9% was used as the control. Accommodative microfluctuations were found to play a minor role in determining the magnitude of sensitivity out to an eccentricity of 5 degrees; between 5 degrees and 27.5 degrees, the effect of microfluctuations was masked by the mydriasis produced by the drugs used in the study. The range of sensitivity values at a given location were reduced when accommodative fluctuations were minimized.

Accommodation, Ocular↗