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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Responding under positive and negative response contingencies in pigeons and crows.

Four crows were trained to key peck for food. Then, they were exposed to a positive response contingency that required them to peck the key when it was illuminated briefly (the trial) in order to receive food. This procedure resulted in consistent within-trial pecking. When the contingency changed so that food was presented at the end of a trial when no response occurred, but the trial terminated immediately and food was omitted when a response occurred (negative response contingency), responding decreased markedly. Eight pigeons were studied under the same change in contingencies. These birds varied in their response histories from naive to having several years' experience. The previously naive pigeons also showed rapid declines in responding under the negative contingency; the responding of the birds with extended training histories declined much more slowly. Eventually, however, six of the eight pigeons showed little or no responding under the negative contingency, while they responded consistently when re-exposed to the positive contingency. These findings question the power and the generality of the negative automaintenance phenomenon.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Thiamine deficiency and pulmonary hypertension in Crow-Fukase syndrome.

A 57-year-old woman with Crow-Fukase syndrome presented thiamine deficiency and pulmonary hypertension of unknown etiology. After oral administration of prednisolone and thiamine, echocardiogram showed marked improvement of the pulmonary hypertension. To our knowledge, this is the first case of this syndrome associated with thiamine deficiency and precapillary pulmonary hypertension, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of polyneuropathy and heart failure of this syndrome.

Drug Therapy, Combination↗
PubMed2003

Predictive value of serial platelet count and VEGF determination for the management of DIC in the Crow-Fukase (POEMS) syndrome.

We report a case of a 62-year-old man diagnosed as Crow-Fukase syndrome (POEMS syndrome), in which the serial platelet count and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration were determined before and during the state of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The serum VEGF concentration was noted to be gradually decreased prior to DIC, after which it abruptly decreased with a corresponding drop in platelet count upon the onset of DIC. The physiological effects of VEGF are viewed as one of the causative factors in DIC and its abrupt and excessive release may have caused the exacerbation of the patient's clinical symptoms.

Antithrombins↗
PubMed2004

Dead crow reports and location of human West Nile virus cases, Chicago, 2002.

During the summer and fall of 2002, an epidemic (223 cases) and epizootic of West Nile virus infections occurred in Chicago. Retrospective spatial analysis demonstrated that age-adjusted human case rates were three times higher inside geographic areas with high early-season crow deaths than outside these areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Aspergillosis in common crows in Nebraska, 1974.

During fall 1974, approximately 1,000 to 1,500 common crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) died of aspergillosis in south-central Nebraska. The birds were debilitated, lethargic and dyspneic. On necropsy, typical lesions of aspergillosis were found in the lungs and air sacs. Histopathologic examination revealed granulomatous lesions around fungal hyphae in the respiratory system.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Prolonged effects of vecuronium in a patient with Crow-Fukase syndrome].

We gave anesthesia to a patient with the Crow-Fukase syndrome. A patient with this syndrome shows polyneuropathy, endocrinological symptoms, skin change, hypertrichosis, organomegaly and osteosclerotic change. We monitored the effects of vecuronium using a neuromuscular blockade monitor. The patient with this syndrome was hypersensitive to vecuronium and its effects lasted longer than usual. It is important to monitor neuromuscular blockade carefully in patients with this syndrome.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1999

Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in free-living fledgling American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos).

From June 1994 to June 1996, 18 fledgling American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos) from multiple locations on Long Island, New York, were presented with signs of metabolic bone disease characterized by folding fractures of the proximal tibiotarsus. Plasma alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated, and the calcium/phosphorus ratio and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-(OH)D3) levels were decreased. The histopathologic diagnosis was parathyroid hyperplasia and generalized osteodystrophia fibrosa. A diet low in bioavailable calcium and/or vitamin D3 was the probable cause. Also, exposure to xenobiotics could have contributed to the depression of 25-(OH)D3 levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Genetic-demographic characteristics of the rural population of the Republic of Tuva: reproductive indicators and the structure of Crow's indices].

The age limits of the female reproductive function, vital statistics, and Crow's indices were estimated in populations of three districts of the Tuva Republic that were remote from one another. These were the Kyzyl (the Shinaan population), Todzhinskii, and Bai-Taiginskii raions. The monoethnic Shinaan population was characterized by the longest reproductive period (15.88 years) but the lowest average number of pregnancies throughout the reproductive period (5.77); childbirth was an outcome of 86.72% of pregnancies. In the Bai-Taiginskii population, which was also monoethnic but lived in an industrial area of Tuva, these parameters were 12.99 years, 7.06 pregnancies, and 81.97%, respectively. The Todzhinskii population, which was ethnically mixed, exhibited the shortest actual reproductive period (10.72 years) and the greatest average number of pregnancies throughout the reproductive period (7.29), with the proportion of pregnancies ending in childbirth as low as 48.30%. The indices of potential selection and their components related to differential mortality and differential fertility were the following: in the Shinaan population, Itot = 0.59, Im = 0.19, and I(f) = 0.34; in the Bai-Taiginskii population, Itot = 0.48, Im = 0.18, and I(f) = 0.26; and in the Todzhinskii population, Itot = 0.90, Im = 0.23, and I(f) = 0.55. Thus, reproductive parameters in the studied populations of the Tuva Republic were largely determined by the ethnic composition of the population and social factors.

Female↗
PubMed2001

[Anesthetic management of a patient with Crow-Fukase syndrome complicated with severe heart failure].

A 31-year-old man with Crow-Fukase syndrome was scheduled for orthopedic surgery of the right lower limb. Preoperative examination revealed severe heart failure due to cardiomyopathy. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen, and supplemental fentanyl combined with continuous epidural block. During surgery, we evaluated cardiac function using transesophageal echocardiography. To maintain his cardiac function, intravenous dopamine and dobtamine were administered continuously, and the surgery was performed successfully. We must take care of cardiac function during anesthetic management of a patient with this syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental inoculation of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) with Mycobacterium bovis.

The purpose of this series of pilot studies was to determine whether the passerine species studied are susceptible to infection with Mycobacterium bovis. Separate experiments were conducted on wild-caught starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos). In each experiment, four birds were challenged intraperitoneally and four were challenged orally with microorganisms. Challenge dose was 1 x 10(5) colony-forming units of M. bovis cultured from a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) case in Michigan. Birds were euthanatized at 1 and 2 mo postinoculation. Histologic lesions suggestive of mycobacteriosis, without the presence of acid-fast bacilli, were noted in all experimental groups. Mycobacterial cultures performed on pooled tissue samples were positive for M. bovis in only some of the intraperitoneal inoculates of each species.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Beyond the "Jim Crow" experience: blacks in chiropractic education.

Although the first chiropractic adjustment was given by D.D. Palmer to a black man in 1895, within two decades attendance at the Palmer School of Chiropractic was forbidden to blacks. Not until mid-century were blacks allowed entrance into the oldest and largest chiropractic college in the United states. Denied entry at the Palmer School, most blacks who entered chirporactic studied in "Jim Crow" schools run by white practitioners in the North. This paper explores the social, historicl and economic factors influencing the exclusion of blacks from medical education, and concludes that chirpractic education is at the stage medical education was twenty-five years ago in its attempts to recruit black students. The author recommends that the Association of Chiropractic Colleges establish a task force on minoritiy recruitment to expand the educational opportunities in chiropractic for blacks and other minorities.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2002

[Comparison of Chuvashs with Maris and Russians by vital statistics and the Crow index].

Genetic demographic characteristics were calculated for Chuvash and Russian inhabitants of the Republic of Chuvashia. The generation lengths were 27.09 and 26.4 years and the sibship sizes were 2.54 and 1.82 for Chuvashes and Russians, respectively. Crow's indices and their components were as follows: Im = 0.05, If = 0.31, and Itot = 0.37 for Chuvashes and Im = 0.03, If = 0.43, and Itot = 0.46 for Russians. The genetic demographic characteristics obtained were compared with those for Highland and Meadow Maris.

Demography↗
PubMed2001

Tracking reliability for space cabin-borne equipment in development by Crow model.

Objective. To study and track the reliability growth of manned spaceflight cabin-borne equipment in the course of its development. Method. A new technique of reliability growth estimation and prediction, which is composed of the Crow model and test data conversion (TDC) method was used. Result. The estimation and prediction value of the reliability growth conformed to its expectations. Conclusion. The method could dynamically estimate and predict the reliability of the equipment by making full use of various test information in the course of its development. It offered not only a possibility of tracking the equipment reliability growth, but also the reference for quality control in manned spaceflight cabin-borne equipment design and development process.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2002

CROW for large scale macromolecular simulations.

CROW (Columns and Rows Of Workstations - http://www.sicmm.org/crow/) is a parallel computer cluster based on the Beowulf (http://www.beowulf.org/) idea, modified to support a larger number of processors. Its architecture is based on point-to-point network architecture, which does not require the use of any network switching equipment in the system. Thus, the cost is lower, and there is no degradation in network performance even for a larger number of processors.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed2002

[Successful treatment of Crow-Fukase syndrome with radiation therapy].

A 73-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of gait disturbance. She had peripheral polyneuropathy which was mainly of the demyelinating type, splenomegaly, a skin change and M protein (IgA-lambda). A bone scinti and a CT scan showed a mass lesion in the thoracic vertebra, and a biopsy revealed plasmacytoma. She was diagnosed as Crow-Fukase syndrome, and treated with local radiation therapy. After the treatment, M protein became undetectable, and gait disturbance was improved.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Vascular endothelial growth factor and Crow-Fukase syndrome].

Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is highly elevated in patients with Crow-Fukase syndrome (CFS) and is well correlated with the clinical manifestations of CFS. In circulating blood, VEGF is specifically stored in platelets and released during platelet aggregation. To clarify the role of VEGF in the pathomechanism of CFS, we transplanted VEGF secretion tumors in nude mice and studied the pathological findings in these mice. Prominent edema with elevated serum VEGF were found. Organomegaly was also found in liver, spleen and kidney. Pathological findings in these organs were similar to those found in autopsies of CFS patients. In peripheral nerve, mild intraneural edema was seen, however, neuropathy was not prominent. These findings suggest that elevated VEGF may be closely correlated with generalized edema (anasarca). However, it is also important to consider factors such as cytokines and other T cell functions that, in association with VEGF, may be the cause of neuropathy in CFS.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation of the West Nile fever virus from the great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, the crow Corvus corone, and Hyalomma marginatum ticks associated with them in natural and synanthroic biocenosis in the Volga delta (Astrakhan region, 2001)].

Four strains identified as West Nile fever virus by inhibited hemagglutination and neutralization tests, enzyme immunoassay, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were isolated during a virological examination of birds and their collected ticks in the natural and synanthropic biocenoses of the Volga delta. The strains were isolated from the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), the crow (Corvus corone) and its collected Hyalomma marginatum nymphs. The types of interpopulational relations in the ecological system wild-birds-virus-mosquitoes-synanthroic birds-ticks are discussed.

Animals↗