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Use of double labeling and photo CD for morphometric analysis of injured skeletal muscle.
We used computer-assisted analysis of myofiber cross-sectional areas to measure skeletal muscle responses to injury and disease. We developed a simple, inexpensive method for measuring myofiber size in human muscle samples using Kodak photo compact discs (CDs) as the image source. The photo CD serves as a permanent image storage medium and provides a high-resolution image that can be used to detect small myofibers. The use of double labeling for dystrophin and desmin allowed positive identification of both degenerating and regenerating fibers in a single biopsy specimen.
Sequential alterations in the nuclear chromatin region during mitosis of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe: video fluorescence microscopy of synchronously growing wild-type and cold-sensitive cdc mutants by using a DNA-binding fluorescent probe.
Video-connected fluorescence microscopy was introduced to study the yeast nuclear chromatin region. It was defined as the nuclear area where a DNA-binding fluorescent probe 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole specifically bound and fluoresced. The 3-dimensional feature of the mitotic chromatin region was deduced by analysing the successive video images of a cell viewed at different angles. By investigating synchronous culture of the wild-type fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we found sequential structural alterations in the chromatin region during mitosis. The steps found include the compaction of the chromatin region from the regular hemispherical form, the formation of a U-shaped intermediate and the rapid segregation into 2 daughter hemispherical forms. Six cs cdc mutants, apparently blocked in mitosis, were observed by fluorescence microscopy. Under the restrictive conditions their chromatin regions exhibited either hemispherical, compact, disk-like, U-shaped or partially segregated chromatin regions. Two mutants showed anomalous nuclear locations. The results of the temperature shift-up experiments of the highly reversible KM52 and KM108 strains supported the above scheme of sequential alterations in the chromatin region.
Enhanced photodocumentation using photo CD imaging and computer color output.
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What, when and how to back up your data.
This article defines and describes the process of backing up data files, which should be undertaken by anyone who routinely uses a computer. The important points to be considered when developing a backup strategy are explained and a résumé given of the backup devices currently available.
Everyone can use a little extra cache.
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Coping and learning with data systems in the information age.
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Compact disc with both numeric and genomic information as DNA microarray platform.
The compact disc (CD) is an ideal toolfor reading, writing, and storing numeric information. It was used in this work as a support for constructing DNA microarrays suited for genomic analysis. The CD was divided into two functional areas: the external ring of the CD was used for multiparametric DNA analysis on arrays, and the inner portion was usedfor storing numeric information. Because polycarbonate and CD resins autofluoresce, a colorimetric method for DNA microarray detection was used that is well adaptedfor the fast detection necessary when using a CD reader. A double-sided CD reader was developed for the simultaneous analysis of both array and numeric data. The numeric data are engraved as pits in the CD tracks and result in the succession of 0/1, which results from the modulation of the laser reflection when one reads the edges of the pits. Another diffraction-based laser was placed above the CD for the detection of the DNA targets on the microarrays. Both readersfit easily in a PC tower. Both numeric and genomic information data were simultaneously acquired, and each array was reconstituted, analyzed, and processed for quantification by the appropriate software.
Using the photo CD in academic radiology.
Photo CD technology has expanded significantly since its introduction a few years ago. Because it is not strictly considered interactive multimedia, it has been largely overlooked in the medical field, but it has tremendous capabilities for image storage, retrieval, and transfer. Images can be used for both educator-assisted conferences and self teaching. Adding audio technology to the photo CD expands the self-teaching concept. The equipment needed is simple and relatively inexpensive. The time required to learn how to create photo CDs is short, and they can be produced at almost any institution.
Interactive multimedia presentations that use photo CD software for teaching.
Interactive educational programs provide an excellent adjunct to traditional lectures. Unfortunately, interactive programs often require more computer resources and financial support than are available to most educators. Photo CD technology provides individual radiologists a way to create relatively inexpensive interactive teaching programs on PCs.
A compact disc containing simulations of hearing impairment.
The author has produced a compact disc (CD) which contains a series of simulations of the effects of cochlear hearing loss. The following aspects are simulated: threshold elevation combined with loudness recruitment; reduced frequency selectivity; and threshold elevation, loudness recruitment and reduced frequency selectivity all together. The effects are demonstrated using speech in quiet and in a background of noise, and using a piece of music with a wide dynamic range. The CD also includes simulations of the effect of having a conventional 'linear' hearing aid, and of having aid incorporating dual-channel fast acting compression. Finally, the CD contains demonstrations of the 'occlusion effect' and the benefits of having a deeply fitting earmould or hearing aid. The purpose of this note is to describe some of the uses of the CD for teaching and educational purposes and to indicate which tracks will be most effective for specific purposes.
Videodisc and compact disc technologies.
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Photo CD in practice.
Kodak Photo CD is an optical disc-based storage system for recording still photographs. This article explores some of the practical aspects of Photo CD for the medical user. Some potential applications are described, along with hardware and software requirements for the effective use of the medium.
Photo CD and medical archives.
Most people involved in medical photography and illustration are aware of the difficulties of efficient archiving and retrieval of picture information. The recent developments in Photo CD now enable cost effective storage of high resolution images. Applications already exist for easy archive management and new software developments make it simple to tailor standard systems for professional people in very specific fields without the necessity of commissioning programmers and system developers with the consequential cost implications.
Development of a 500-Hz masking-level difference protocol for clinic use.
The purpose of this series of experiments was to develop a simple, 500-Hz masking-level difference (MLD) protocol that could be implemented easily in the clinic to assess auditory perceptual abilities using an audio compact disc. Five, 300-ms tones with 250-ms intertone intervals were embedded in 3-s bursts of 200-800 Hz noise presented at 42.2-dB pressure-spectrum level with 4-5 s interstimulus intervals. The homophasic and antiphasic conditions were interleaved with the signal-to-noise ratios decreasing in 2-dB steps. A single-interval, "yes/no" response task was used. Three experiments were performed on 24-28 listeners with normal hearing. The mean SoNo thresholds (58.1- to 59.5-dB SPL) and the mean SpiNo thresholds (45.1- to 46.0-dB SPL) produced approximately 13-dB MLDs. Experiment 3 included a SoNpi condition that had a mean threshold of 48.8-dB SPL and a 10.0-dB MLD. The mean test, retest of the SoNo and SpiNo thresholds on 15 listeners was < 0.5 dB. Over the three experiments, 95% of the listeners had SpiNo MLDs that were > or = 10 dB.
Are the hinges on your 'electronic closet' ready to burst? pgmdigdoc@mcgraw-hill.com.
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Rain, reign, rein--the tyranny of IT.
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