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Results for “Child Reactive Disorders”

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PubMed1984

Developmental changes in children's reactions to anger in the home.

Developmental trends in children's reactions to anger and affection between others in the home were examined. School-age children evidenced greater emotional self-control and more effective and planful strategies for attempting to alter the course of others' conflicts. Children's responses to anger appeared to be mediated by individual differences in emotionality, which evidenced continuity across settings and between age periods. However, there was evidence that experience could modify reaction patterns to anger. Boys become less likely than girls to react emotionally to affection as they got older, but otherwise there were no developmental changes in responding to affection. Continuity across settings in reacting to affection was also apparent, but there was no relationship between patterns of responding to anger and affection.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Family intervention with bereaved children.

This paper describes an intervention study carried out with 45 families (83 children) where one of the parents died, leaving a child or children under 16 years of age. The families were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups, the treatment group being seen by a family therapist for approximately six sessions within 3-5 months of bereavement. All the families were contacted approximately 1 year after and again 2 years after the bereavement and a structured interview was carried out, covering parental health and psychiatric state, the children's health and behaviour, and the death and events surrounding it. At follow-up, there was some indication that the treatment group had benefited from the brief intervention. The implications for practice are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Annotation: recent life events and psychiatric disorder in school age children.

Life events research in school age children using semi-structured interview techniques has only just begun. The advantages, however, for investigating the role of events and difficulties in children's lives outweigh the problems of data collection and training involved in the technique. Improving the collection of information also improves sensitivity at the level of measurement through a consideration of the personal meaning of social experiences. It is already apparent that recent undesirable life events effects of some importance in the genesis of anxious and depressive disorders in school age children. Investigating the social origins of emotional and behavioural disorders, and determining the role of recent social factors in the course and outcome of these conditions, will be substantially advanced by the application of these techniques in future studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The role of marital discord and parenting in relations between parental problem drinking and child adjustment.

BACKGROUND: Research suggests that children exposed to parental drinking problems are at risk for maladjustment. However, the potential impact of drinking problems in a community sample and the processes involved in the relationship between parental drinking and child outcomes have rarely been examined. METHOD: A community sample of 235 mothers and fathers of kindergarten children completed measures of problem drinking symptoms, family functioning and child adjustment. RESULTS: Model tests indicate that problem drinking was associated with greater marital conflict, and that marital conflict was related to ineffective parenting which was in turn related to poorer child adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Even in a community sample, parental problem drinking behaviors are associated with reduced family functioning that relates to child outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Childhood sexual assault victims: long-term outcomes after testifying in criminal court.

We report a longitudinal study of long-term outcomes of participating in criminal cases following child sexual abuse (CSA). In the 1980s, 218 child victim/witnesses took part in a study of short-term sequelae of legal involvement. Approximately 12 years later, 174 of them, as well as a comparison group of 41 matched individuals with no CSA history, were interviewed about their mental health and legal attitudes. Being young when the legal case started was associated with poorer later adjustment. Additionally, even when controlling for psychological problems at the start of the legal case and other familial, CSA, and life stressors, testifying repeatedly in childhood predicted poorer current functioning. These associations were often moderated by the severity of both the CSA and the perpetrator's sentence: Testifying repeatedly in cases involving severe abuse, and not testifying when the perpetrator received a light sentence, predicted poorer current mental health. In partial contrast to the mental health results, being older when the case began and the perpetrator receiving a lenient sentence predicted more negative feelings about the legal system. In addition, not having testified when the perpetrator received a light sentence predicted more negative legal attitudes. Individuals' emotional reactions while waiting to testify and while actually testifying were also associated with their current mental health and attitudes toward the legal system: Greater distress predicted poorer adjustment, especially in individuals who were adolescents when they went to court. Greater distress also predicted more negative attitudes. Finally, when the former CSA victim/witnesses were compared with individuals with no CSA history, the former reported poorer adjustment and more negative feelings about the legal system. Results have implications for multilevel-transactional models of development, for understanding developmental sequelae of legal involvement following childhood trauma, and for social policy concerning the treatment of child victim/witnesses.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

A theoretical framework for evaluation and treatment of the victims of child sexual assault by a nonfamily member.

Thirty-seven families whose children were victims of sexual abuse by a nonfamily member were evaluated and treated during a nine-month period. The average age of the children was 5.36 years. The youngest children were boys, and all the adolescents were girls. A theoretical framework adapted from Ferreira's and Byng-Hall's work was developed to assess and treat child victims of sexual molestation and their families. The format consists of three concepts. First, the trauma from sexual abuse, being outside the realm of usual human experience, creates a breach in the family's adaptive and protective shield, including its shared values and beliefs. Second, the trauma has a "derailing" effect on the child's and family's predicted passage through their world. And third, issues that arise as a consequence of disclosure are intimately tied to preexisting family myths and beliefs. Evaluation, treatment, and short-term outcomes are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Interviews with psychiatric inpatients about professional intervention with regard to their children.

A description of mentally ill parents' experience and points of view concerning professional intervention in relation to their young children is presented in this paper. The results are from an interview survey designed with the purpose of improving the basis for cooperation between mentally ill patients and professionals, when intervention in relation to these patients' children is needed. Fifty consecutively admitted psychiatric inpatients with children 0-10 years old were interviewed by child psychiatrists and their information constitutes the study material. Data concerning the family situations and children have been published previously. One quarter of the patients had experienced having children placed in institutions or with foster families. Forty per cent had never received professional help related to their children. One third of the patients expressed a need for support, which was not presently received. A large group of patients did not know where to go for help related to children or would not be comfortable doing so. When making a global assessment of the childrens' situation based on the study material the child psychiatrists found reason for concern in regard to approximately 80% of the children. In most cases their views were in accordance with those of the mentally ill parents. Clinical implications concerning planning of intervention in regard to children of mentally ill parents are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Shared parenting after separation and divorce: a study of joint custody.

Intensive case studies of four families in which divorced parents have maintained joint custody of their children suggest that this arrangement works well under certain conditions. Components of a successful joint custody arrangement are considered, limitations are discussed, and support is urged for divorcing parents interested in establishing joint custody.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Psychological costs of bone marrow transplantation in children.

The emotional strain of bone marrow transplantation procedures on child patients, family members and hospital personnel is described, and an illustrative case history is offered. Reasons for the unusually close relationship between family and staff are considered, and the necessity of appropriate psychological support for patients, siblings, parents, and members of the medical team is delineated.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1982

Children under fire: the role of the schools.

Responses of teachers and children in Northern Ireland and observations in other areas of the world beset by the daily threat of violence and death are reported. Respondents showed a deep concern about the role of schools in relation to children who have grown up with warfare in the streets. The concept of school-as-sanctuary is discussed in light of its effects on the processes of teaching, learning, and the emotional development of students.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1984

Findings from research on divorce: implications for professionals' skill development.

Results from research on divorce are synthesized, and practical implications for the development of conceptual, perceptual, and executive skills for educators, lawyers, mental health clinicians, health care professionals, social policy planners, and the media are presented. An interdisciplinary approach to intervention is proposed, and recommendations for future research on divorce are made.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Impasses to the resolution of custody and visitation disputes.

This paper presents a typology of divorce situations that are highly vulnerable to intense and prolonged disputes over the custody and care of the children. The impasses to settling the conflicts are described and counseling/mediation implications outlined. The approach is based on a preliminary study of 80 divorcing and disputing families of multiethnic and mixed socioeconomic class that, despite mediation in the courts, were still entrenched in disputes.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

An ongoing multifamily group in a women's shelter.

A mental health clinic's consultation to a spouse abuse center led to formation of an ongoing multifamily group that included all residents of the shelter and their children of all ages. The theoretical framework is outlined and group dynamics are highlighted by case material focused on illustrating specific intervention techniques.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Long-term effects of divorce on children: a developmental vulnerability model.

Research and clinical work with children of divorce have focused primarily on parental separation as a traumatic event and its effects on children as a crisis situation. The present paper, based on clinical experience, considers potential long-term problems of these children in key developmental areas: handling anger and aggression, separation-individuation, and gender identity. Implications for prevention and service delivery are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Psychological and behavioral correlates of family violence in child witnesses and victims.

Abused and nonabused child witnesses to parental violence temporarily residing in a battered women's shelter were compared to children from a similar economic background on measures of self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and behavior problems, using mothers' and self-reports. Results indicated significantly more distress in the abused-witness children than in the comparison group, with nonabused witness children's scores falling between the two. Age of child and types of violence were mediating factors. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

A preventive intervention program for parents and young children in joint custody arrangements.

A pilot preventive intervention model was developed for a voluntary joint custody counseling program for parents of very young children. The program, which includes assessments, conferences, and ongoing counseling achieved by monitoring at regular intervals, is adaptable to agency or private clinical settings. Based on initial positive reactions of participants, more formal evaluation of the program's efficacy and applicability is proposed.

Child Development↗