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PubMed1987

Preliminary electron microscopic observations on ependymal cells in the caudal segment of the filum terminale and the ampulla caudalis of Macaca fascicularis and Cercopithecus griseoviridis (primates, Cercopithecidae).

In a previous paper, the concept of the terminal organ (TO) of the subcommissural complex was forwarded. Functionally this complex is a neuro (glio-) hemal organ which serves to discharge the Reissner's secretory material into the systemic circulation. The TO is characterized by structural specializations that make feasible the discharge and chemical decomposition of the secretory material stowed in the massa caudalis (MC). The TO is probably not only the ampulla caudalis (AC); it may comprise even parts of the filum terminale next to the AC. The boundary of the TO is uncertain as yet. It cannot be precluded that the AC, which itself varies in shape and size, is just a receptaculum massae caudalis. The material of the MC escapes from the AC either through apertures of the wall of the AC or of the filum terminale (Neuropori caudalis, slit-shaped gaps). It is also likely that the secretory material becomes chemically decomposed in the AC and is intra- (trans-) cellularly discharged. In this connexion, certain ependymal cells may be of significance. These cells exhibit large, tongue-shaped central projections (temporarily developed?) which bear a considerable number of long microvilli. The significance of these cells probably lies in the enlargement of the cell surface bathing in the CSF which contains the MC. These cells are most abundant in the area of the TO; single, isolated cells of the same type occur in other areas of the ependyma of some primates. This would indicate that the TO does not contain special types of cells not found in other parts of the ependyma, but that the TO differs from other ependymal regions in the density of peculiar cell types.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Sensory nerve endings in the penis in green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).

The authors examined the sensory innervation of the skin in the penis in green monkey in four adult individuals both in the light and in the elctron microscope. They found 3 kings of nerve endings. The free nerve endings were the most frequently occurring kind of nerve endings in the superficial layers of the corium--altogether 6,444 in number. The second kind of sensory nerve endings is represented by the glomerular endings out of which 96 per cent were found in the papillae. The typical Meissner's endings were observed in the light microscopy only rarely. Deeper in the corium the authors also found single simple sensory corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles. Studying the ultrastructure the authors found in the papillae of the corium 4 types of glomerular endings: quite simple glomerular endings with irregularly arranged Schwann cells, larger and more complicated glomerular endings having a thicker capsule, endings with lamellar system around the terminals and typical Meissner's endings. In the epidermis the authors observed naked axons which passed in the spaces among the epidermal cells. They contained an accumulation of mitochondria. In the basal cell layer of the epidermis there was a small amount of Langerhans cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Chronic haloperidol or fluphenazine: effects on dopamine metabolism in brain, cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of Cercopithecus aethiops (vervet monkey).

Chronic treatment with haloperidol for 3 to 5 weeks (0.5 mg/kg, daily) resulted in significant increases of homovanillic acid (HVA) content in dorsal and orbital frontal cortex and in cingulate cortex. No change in HVA was seen in the olfactory cortex, basal ganglia, cisternal cerebrospinal fluid or plasma of animals chronically treated with haloperidol. Treatment with a single weekly dose of fluphenazine decanoate (5 mg/kg) for 3 weeks resulted in increased HVA levels in all the above brain regions, cisternal cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Moreover, the fluphenazine-treated group had a significantly higher incidence of extrapyramidal side effects than the haloperidol-treated group. It is concluded that chronically increased dopamine metabolite production in the basal ganglia but not in cortex is reflected by increases in the HVA level of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma and is accompanied by severe extrapyramidal side effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Nutritional effects on blood lipid and HDL cholesterol concentrations in two subspecies of African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops).

The African green monkey has previously been found to be a promising model for the study of atherosclerosis. We have compared the plasma and HDL cholesterol response to dietary manipulation in the two subspecies of African green monkeys (vervets and grivets) most often imported for biomedical research purposes. Twenty vervets and 20 grivets were fed, in succession, diets containing safflower oil, butter, or lard as the principal dietary fat at a level of 40% of calories. Ten animals of each subspecies were fed the diets without added cholesterol (control groups) and 10 were fed diets with either added crystalline cholesterol (safflower oil and butter diets) or egg yolk (lard diet) to raise the diet cholesterol level at least five-fold. The effect of the type of dietary fat was that total plasma cholesterol (TPC) and HDL cholesterol concentrations were lowest while the safflower oil diet was fed, were significantly higher when butter fat diets were fed, and were highest when the egg yolk-lard based diets were fed. In addition, a significant effect of the elevated level of dietary cholesterol, independent of the type of dietary fat, was seen: a statistically significant negative correlation between TPC and HDL cholesterol concentrations was induced. In contrast, a positive correlation between TPC and HDL cholesterol concentrations was found at the lower dietary cholesterol level. Thus, the different factors (type of fat versus cholesterol) influenced lipoprotein metabolism in distinct yet related ways. Although average values for both plasma and HDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in the grivet subspecies than in the vervet subspecies, the data for both subspecies fit the same regression lines. This outcome suggested that the subspecies differed in the magnitude of response rather than in the mechanism of response.

Animals↗