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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Spontaneous external endometriosis in a De Brazza's monkey.

A spontaneous case of external endometriosis in a 22-year-old female De Brazza's monkey is described. During diagnostic laparotomy, peritoneal adhesions of the uterus to the urinary bladder, ovaries and abdominal wall were seen. A surgical biopsy of soft tissue attached to the ventral surface of the uterus was examined histologically and consisted of endometrial glands and stroma. These findings were compatible with a diagnosis of endometriosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Evolution and transcription of old world monkey globin genes.

Although apparently inactive in the whole animal, the delta globin genes from three species of Old World monkey (rhesus, baboon and green monkey) are all functional in an in vitro transcription assay. Their activities in vitro are similar to that of the functional human delta gene. A fourth monkey gene, from the colobus monkey, is transcribed approximately fivefold less efficiently than the others. This reduced in vitro activity results from a 20 base-pair deletion, which removes the normal site of mRNA initiation. When the deletion is repaired by site-directed mutagenesis, transcriptional activity increases to the level observed for the other delta genes. We also report the complete nucleotide sequences of the colobus beta, colobus delta, and rhesus delta genes. Sequence comparisons show that the delta and beta genes in the same species have not exchanged genetic information since the divergence of the human and monkey lineages. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences affirms that the Old World monkey delta genes are evolving more rapidly than their functional counterparts. Moreover, the rate of replacement substitutions has risen to equal that of non-coding DNA, as expected for genes no longer under selective constraint.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Subtractive cloning of complementary DNAs and analysis of messenger RNAs with regional heterogeneous distributions in primate cortex.

Morphological heterogeneity of individual neurons in the mammalian brain must ultimately result from differences between cells in their profiles of gene expression. However, the degree to which neurons located in different regions of the brain express different sets of genes is not known. Using differential cDNA cloning procedures, including subtractive hybridization and differential colony screening, a quantitative analysis of RNAs with heterogeneous distributions in the telencephalon of the rat and Old World monkey has been performed. The results suggest that no species of RNA exist with a distribution specific to the hippocampus or neocortex of the rat with an abundance greater than 0.05%. Additionally, the results with an abundance of 0.05% or greater which is present in neocortex of the monkey but absent from the cerebellum suggest that only one species of mRNA exists. A Northern blot analysis of cDNA clones representing mRNAs present in the neocortex but absent from the cerebellum of the monkey is presented, establishing the effectiveness of subtractive hybridization between different regions of the brain for cDNA cloning. Also presented is in situ hybridization analysis of the cellular distributions in primate neocortex of two mRNAs. One of these RNAs, detected by clone 1B4 is present in cortical laminae V and VI, and exhibits a high degree of heterogeneity in the overall density of labelled cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of rank and novel females on behaviour and hormones in male talapoin monkeys.

Two social groups of captive talapoin monkeys (Miopithecus talapoin), each with three intact adult males and three or four ovariectomized, estrogen-treated adult females, were observed. Socio-sexual and aggressive interactions were recorded, and levels of testosterone, cortisol, and prolactin were measured in male serum. Cortisol and prolactin titers did not reflect male rank, nor did changes in one of these hormones parallel changes in the other. In both groups males formed a linear dominance hierarchy, defined in terms of the direction of aggression among animals. Highest male rank was associated with frequent socio-sexual interaction and elevated testosterone levels, even in the absence of ejaculations. Males in one group copulated with females, but no male in the other group copulated. All males of each group were then housed with all females of the other group which resulted in marked changes in males' behaviour; socio-sexual interactions increased in C group males and decreased in B group males. This illustrates the influence that females may have on male behaviour in general, and in particular outlines the potential for female dominance and the consequences this may have especially on reproductive behaviour.

Aggression↗
PubMed1983

Social influences on circulating levels of cortisol and prolactin in male talapoin monkeys.

Three captive groups of adult talapoin monkeys (Miopithecus talapoin), each with four males and four or five ovariectomized, estrogen-treated females, were observed. Behavioral interactions were recorded and levels of cortisol and prolactin were measured. In each group, males formed a linear dominance order, determined by the direction of spontaneous aggression; highest male rank was associated with frequent socio-sexual interactions and lowest rank with infrequent socio-sexual behavior. The first study compared males' cortisol and prolactin titers when all males were either housed with estrogen-treated females, or singly caged. The two lowest-ranking males of each group had elevated cortisol levels when group-housed; prolactin levels did not reflect these changes. In the second study, males of one group interacted with females when only the lowest-ranking, or the highest-ranking, female was made attractive (i.e., received estradiol), while the other females were present, but not estradiol-treated. Across these conditions (1) frequencies of some socio-sexual and aggressive behaviors changed, (2) cortisol levels increased in all males, and (3) prolactin levels decreased in three of four males. Dissociation of changes in cortisol and prolactin titers suggests that these hormones may be differentially responsive to social modifications, not simply reflecting a single intervening variable, such as "stress."

Aggression↗
PubMed1985

Subordination in male talapoin monkeys lowers sexual behaviour in the absence of dominants.

Three experiments assessed the consequences of social status for the socio-sexual behaviour and endocrine state of adult male talapoin monkeys (Miopithecus talapoin). In the first study, each of five males was individually placed into a group of adult females. Neither behavioural responses, nor plasma levels of testosterone, cortisol, or prolactin, predicted males' rank or hormone levels when all males were subsequently placed with these females. In the second study, each of four mixed-sex social groups lived continuously in a large cage for periods ranging from 9-15 months. There were marked differences between the behaviour and hormone levels of highest- and lowest-ranking males. In the third study, each highest- and lowest-ranking male from these groups was individually placed with females. Males that had experienced social subordination for long periods (9-15 months) showed infrequent sexual behaviour and had elevated levels of cortisol and prolactin. These results indicate that the experience of chronic social subordination is a strong predictor of how males will subsequently behave, since both the endocrine and behavioural effects of subordination persist even after the dominant males are removed.

Aggression↗
PubMed1984

An outbreak of poliomyelitis caused by poliovirus type I in captive black and white colobus monkeys (Colobus abyssinicus kikuyuensis) in Kenya.

In the latter part of 1982, three black and white colobus monkeys, Colobus abyssinicus kikuyuensis, from a small breeding group maintained at the Institute of Primate Research in Kenya, became paralysed within one month. Two of these cases were fatal and the third animal survived. The clinical and pathological findings suggested a poliomyelitis-like disease. This was confirmed by the isolation of wild strains of poliomyelitis virus type I from faeces, spleen, kidney, lung and central nervous system from affected animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The epizootics of Kyasanur Forest disease in wild monkeys during 1964 to 1973.

In the Kyasanur Forest disease area two species of wild monkeys, Presbytis entellus and Macaca radiata, succumb to the natural infection with Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD) virus (family Flaviviridae). Between October 1964 and September 1973, 1046 monkeys (860 P. entellus and 186 M. radiata) died. Of these, KFD virus was isolated from 118 P. entellus and 13 M. radiata. Maximum mortality of monkeys was reported during December through May coinciding with the season of activity of immature stages of Haemaphysalis ticks, incriminated vectors of KFD. The epizootic showed an initial spread of the disease to the areas contiguous with the original focus of infection. This was followed by the recognition of epizootics and epidemics in three new foci, removed from the original focus, by the end of 1973. It was also observed that, in certain localities in the original focus, KFD virus activity persisted over several years.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Molecular cloning and characterization of the DNA of two papillomaviruses from monkeys.

Benign and malignant lesions from monkeys were analyzed for the presence of papillomavirus (PV) DNA. By hybridization with different PV DNA probes under conditions of lowered stringency, two tumors were found to contain PV-specific DNA sequences: (1) a cutaneous papilloma from a Colobus monkey; and, (2) a lymph node metastasis of a squamous cell carcinoma of the penis from a Rhesus monkey. Analysis of the DNA of the papilloma from the Colobus monkey indicated the presence of extrachromosomal DNA whereas analysis of DNA from the Rhesus tumor suggested the presence of integrated viral DNA. The physical size (7.8 and 8.1 kb), colinear alignment to HPV-5, and cross-hybridization with other PV types under low stringency indicate that the two genomic DNA clones represent new PV types that have been tentatively designated as Rhesus papillomavirus type 1 (RhPV 1) and Colobus guereza papillomavirus type 2 (CgPV 2). A putative viral-host DNA junction fragment was also isolated from the Rhesus genomic library. Nucleotide sequences very closely related to RhPV 1 were observed by in situ hybridization in a laryngeal carcinoma from the Colobus guereza monkey. This report communicates the finding of novel papillomaviruses associated with a benign cutaneous tumor and genital and laryngeal malignancies in non-human primates which may have significance as a putative system for the study of papillomavirus-induced genital and laryngeal malignancies in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Factors limiting the postnatal development of visual acuity in the monkey.

A major factor underlying the prolonged postnatal improvement of visual acuity in primates is an increase in the sampling limit imposed by the photoreceptor mosaic, which may be as much as 5-fold. Further factors operating peripheral to neurons of the lateral geniculate nucleus, which might include changes in neural connectivity, appear to contribute at most 1.5 octaves, between 3 weeks and 6 months of age. Neural factors at the geniculo-cortical synapse may add another half-octave between 10 weeks and 1 yr. Factors operating after the level of the striate cortex (changes in spatial degradation, attention, motivation, etc.) contribute up to another octave or more to the increase in behavioural acuity between birth and about 11 weeks of age. The foveal image is substantially undersampled in young animals and therefore aliasing could occur over a wide range of spatial frequencies.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Spondyloarthropathy as an Old World phenomenon.

The presence of spine and sacroiliac involvement and the nature and distribution of erosive lesions allowed definitive diagnosis of spondyloarthropathy in the great apes (Gorilla and Pan [chimpanzee]), the lesser ape (Hylobates), and Old World monkeys (Theropithecus, Papio, Cercopithecus, Macaca, Colobus, Presbytis, and Erythrocebus). Analysis of lesional character, distribution, radiological appearance, and sex ratios showed a picture indistinguishable from human spondyloarthropathy. This contrasts with orangutans (Pongo), who lack reactive bone or sacroiliac involvement. A different pathophysiology, as yet undefined, is implied for their erosive arthritis. Limited individual susceptibility to spondyloarthropathy in humans (1% to 4%), Old World monkeys (2.4%), and lesser apes (2.4%) contrasts with the high frequency of disease in the great apes (20% to 28%). The wide geographic distribution of this phenomenon suggests an African and perhaps Asian "panendemic." This natural disease state provides a unique model for in-depth analysis of the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to disease pathophysiology.

Animals↗