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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The role of nitric oxide in the cardiovascular system.

Nitric oxide (NO) exerts various pathophysiological effects on the cardiovascular system; inhibition of platelet aggregation or leukocyte adhesion on endothelium and vasorelaxation including lethal hypotension in endotoxic shock. In spite of these significant roles of NO, its direct action on individual cardiovascular cells remains unclarified. Therefore, we have investigated the function of NO on cells which constitute vascular wall and heart, and have found this new evidence. 1) ATP increased intracellular ([Ca2+]i) in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and decreased [Ca2+]i of adjacently cocultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), as detected by 2-D fura-2 image analysis. 2) The [Ca2+]i reduction in cocultured VSMCs with ECs by ATP was attenuated by pretreatment of several types of NO inhibitor, whereas the NO inhibitor potentiated the [Ca2+]i elevation in ECs, suggesting that NO affects VSMCs in a paracrine manner while ECs in an autocrine fashion. 3) Physiological concentration of lysophosphatidylcholine, which is an atherogenic constituent of oxidized LDL, but not native phosphatidylcholine, acted on ECs and VSMCs like a NO inhibitor, indicating that this material attenuates NO effect and disturbs vessel relaxation in the short term. 4) Highly efficient transfection of the ecNOS gene in rat heart showed a toxic effect on individual cardiomyocytes in vivo. In conclusion, NO may exert both beneficial and harmful effects on the cardiovascular system.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1992

Control of the cardiovascular system of Aplysia by identified neurons.

The neural network that controls the cardiovascular system of Aplysia adapts cardiovascular function to a variety of different physiological and behavioral situations. It (1) coordinates the cardiovascular system with the renal and respiratory systems; (2) modifies both systemic and regional blood flow during food-elicited arousal and feeding; and (3) changes the tension of longitudinal vascular muscle to adapt the arterial tree to changes in body shape. Indirect evidence suggests that the cardiovascular control circuit may also play a role in maintaining homeostasis during egg laying. Several putative neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, serotonin, R15 alpha 1 and R15 alpha 2 peptides, have been localized to identified neurons in this circuit.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Actions of parathyroid hormone in the cardiovascular system.

Recent studies from several laboratories have suggested that the cardiovascular system may be considered a new target organ system for parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH caused a sharp, dose-dependent reduction in blood pressure of several mammalian models. This hypotensive response was mediated by direct interaction of PTH with the vascular smooth muscle of arteries and resistance vascular beds. Increases in intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations were temporally and quantitatively correlated with smooth muscle relaxation by PTH. Direct (nonreflex) positive inotropic and chronotropic effects have been observed in cardiac tissue after treatment with PTH. Considering these and other observations, a physiological role for PTH as a homeostatic regulator of the cardiovascular system may be speculated.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Role of the elastin-laminin receptor in the cardiovascular system.

Extracellular matrix (ECM)-cell interactions play a key role in regulating cell and organ functions, and many of them are mediated by receptors belonging to the integrin family. A nonintegrin ECM receptor has a 67 kDa perimembrane subunit that contains a high-affinity binding site for laminin and elastin peptides (Kd approximately nM), as well as a second lectin site whose occupation by galactoside-type carbohydrates results in release of the peptide bound to the first site and of the 67 kDa subunit from the cell membrane. This elastin-laminin receptor is involved in the regulation of several biological systems and in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. In the cardiovascular system, the 67 kDa receptor contributes to the modulation of circulating inflammatory cell activity and helps to regulate the adhesion, growth, or synthetic activity of cells starting in utero. The 67 kDa receptor is present on both adherent cardiovascular system cells and on circulating inflammatory cells. It is involved in balancing degradation processes initiated by inflammatory cells and in the response of adherent cells to alterations in surrounding ECM. These events may play a key role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, as well as in the fibrotic processes secondary to myocardial infarction. The 67 kDa receptor may also contribute to vascular tone regulation by the endothelium, to attachment of circulating metastatic cells to the endothelium followed by tissue invasion, and to tumor neovascularization. Its multiple functions suggest that the elastin-laminin receptor may be pivotal in the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system and other systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A modular numerical model of the cardiovascular system for studying and training in the field of cardiovascular physiopathology.

A modular numerical model of the cardiovascular system has been developed to reproduce the most important circulatory phenomena in terms of pressure and volume relationships. It is an easy tool to use, designed to be used with a friendly approach on any IBM or compatible personal computer: it offers a wide selection of graphical and numerical outputs and can be rearranged easily for a particular experiment. A set of subroutines related to different circulatory phenomena has been developed; they can be assembled easily together and communicate with each other by two variables. A full description of the existing subroutines is presented in this paper with three different application examples resulting from the rearrangement of the existing software modules: the first concerns the behaviour of the natural ventricle model itself and can be regarded as a ventricle stand-alone characterization test in terms of preload and afterload sensitivities, the second is related to the use of a pneumatic ventricle instead of the model of the natural ventricle, and the third is a full model of the cardiocirculatory system.

Cardiology↗
PubMed2004

[The damage of cardiovascular system in heroin abuses].

The heroin abuses can seriously damage human body system, among them the damage of cardiovascular system is various. In this paper those damages involved heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, heart function, blood circulation, the changes of some material inside, and complications of cardiovascular system are reviewed.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed2006

Nicotine effect on cardiovascular system and ion channels.

Smoking is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Nicotine is one of the components of cigarette smoke. Nicotine effects on the cardiovascular system reflect the activity of the nicotine receptors centrally and on peripheral autonomic ganglia. It has been found that cigarette smoke extract-induced contraction of porcine coronary arteries is related to superoxide anion-mediated degradation of nitric oxide. Treatment of rabbit aortas with an oxygen free radicals scavenger attenuated cigarette smoke impairment of arterial relaxation. Treatment of smokers with vitamin C, an antioxidant, improved impaired endothelium-dependent reactivity of large peripheral arteries. Thus it appears that chronic smoking and acute exposure to cigarette smoke extract may alter endothelium-dependent reactivity via the production of oxygen derived free radicals. This review discusses the effects of nicotine on resistance arterioles, compliance arteries, smooth muscle cells, and ion channels in the cardiovascular system. We discuss studies performed on humans, nicotine-exposed animals, and cell cultures yielding varying and inconsistent results that may be due to differences in experimental design, species, and the dose of exposure. Nicotine exposure appears to induce a combination of free radical production, vascular wall adhesion, and a reduction of fibrinolytic activity in the plasma.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Regulation of the cardiovascular system by non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nerves.

The control of the cardiovascular system is now known to involve a diversity of both humoral and neuronal mechanisms. With the advancement of immunohistochemical electrophysiological and microscopy techniques it has become clear that the nervous control of the cardiovascular system comprises several transmitters other than the classical autonomic neurotransmitters. These non-adrenergic non-cholinergic transmitters include substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide and nitric oxide. These particular substances play important roles in the control of vascular tone and altered activity of these mediators contribute to several cardiovascular disease states. In the light of this there is considerable interest in exploiting these mediators as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Central action of catecholamines on the cardiovascular system in rats.

Central action of catecholamines on the cardiovascular system in rats. Acta Physiol Pol., 1978, 29 (2): 123--130. It was demonstrated that noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine and isoproterenol as well as normethanephrine administered into the lateral ventricle of the rat brain, under urethane anaesthesia, caused significant changes in arterial blood pressure. This action is due to stimulation of central adrenergic receptors. Arterial blood pressure rise after intraventricular administration of noradrenaline is caused by activation of the renin-angiotensin system in the periphery. The results of these experiments point to a role of central catecholamines in functional regulation ofthe cardiovascular system.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

QRAR models for cardiovascular system drugs using biopartitioning micellar chromatography.

The capability of biopartitioning micellar chromatography (BMC) to describe and estimate pharmacological parameters of cardiovascular system drugs has been studied. The retention of cardiovascular system drugs was studied using different pH of Brij-35 as micellar mobile phase in modified C(18) stationary phase. Quantitative retention-activity relationships (QRAR) in BMC were investigated for these compounds. An adequate correlation between the retention factors (log k) and the toxicity (LD(50)) of cardiovascular system drugs was obtained.

Cardiovascular Agents↗
PubMed1989

Congenital anomalies in twins in Northern Ireland. III: Anomalies of the cardiovascular system, 1974-1978.

Rates of congenital anomalies of the cardiovascular system were compared between twins and singletons in a population-based study in Northern Ireland during the period 1974-1978. Multiple sources of ascertainment were used. As in previous studies, the rate of anomalies of the cardiovascular system in twins (91.0/10,000) was higher than the rate in singletons (66.4/10,000). The excess was confined to twins from pairs of like sex and, in the main, anomalies of the circulatory system other than of the heart itself were involved. Problems in the interpretation of this excess are discussed. No twins were concordant for congenital cardiovascular anomalies of any type.

Diseases in Twins↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of the cardiovascular system using NMR.

The current status and suggestions of the future potential for nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the cardiovascular system are described. With many of the potential applications, there is overlap with existing methods. For example, imaging of the left ventricle can be accomplished with either echocardiography or radionuclide techniques with adequate evaluation of the left ventricular function. At current costs these conventional techniques may provide a more cost-effective approach for morphologic and functional assessment of the cardiovascular system. For this type of imaging, the advantages of NMR include its excellent resolution, the inherent tissue contrast, the sensitivity to blood motion, the 3-dimensional measure, and the lack of ionizing radiation. Because of these, NMR could provide an important adjunct for evaluation of the cardiovascular system. However for NMR to achieve its full promise as a cardiovascular imaging technique, some of its unique potentials need to be developed. These include: the ability to reliably image at least the proximal coronary arteries, the ability to delineate regional myocardial blood flow distribution, the ability to evaluate regional metabolic activity such as high-energy phosphate metabolites, and the ability to characterize myocardial disease using proton T1 and T2 alterations.

Angiography↗
PubMed1975

[Mortality of children and adolescents in Poland caused by congenital cardiovascular system malformations, in 1961-1971 (author's transl)].

Congenital cardiovascular system malformations (including more than 90 per cent of heart malformations) constitute the largest group among patients with congenital malformations. The high mortality of children with these malformations in the first year of life (with the greatest threat in the first month of life) subsequently diminishes. The mortality rates of infants from congenital cardiovascular system malformations high in Poland and are exhibit no tendency to decrease. In opposition to countries with a generalized, efficient cardiological, particularly cardiosurgical treatment (Table I). The rate of occurrence of congenital circulatory system malformations amounts to 8 per 1000 live-born children. Consequently about 4300 children are born annually in Poland with cardiovascular malformations. With the present development of surgical and anesthesiological technique, and according to the kind of heart malformation, the indications for cardiosurgery include some 1,400 children annually with congenital heart and great arteries annually. In the last years annually some 200-250 cardiac operations and surgery of great arteries in children are performed in Poland; this amounts to 15 per cent of the present need.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Effects of autonomic drugs on the cardiovascular system: dogs with achalasia (under halothane anesthesia).

The parasympathetic and sympathetic components of the autonomic systems as they relate to cardiovascular function were studied on dogs with achalasia of the esophagus. This was accomplished by administering the parasympathomimetic drugs methacholine (0.2 mg/kg, subcutaneously), 2 doexy-D-glucose (100 mg/kg, intravenously (IV), the parasympatholytic drug atropine (0.2 mg/kg, IV), the sympathomimetic agent epinephrine (2.5 microng/kg, IV), and the beta adrenergic blocker propranolol (0.5 mg/kg, IV); and then measuring cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance, PaCO2, PaO2, pH, and base deficit. Cardiovascular responses to the administration of the parasympathomimetic drugs, methacholine and 2 deoxy-D-glucose, or the parasympatholytic drug, atropine, were similar to those observed in normal dogs. Cardiovascular responses to the administration of the sympathomimetic drug epinephrine and the sympatholytic drug propranolol or beta blocker were also consistent with those observed in normal dogs. It can be interpreted from this pharmacologic evidence that parasympathetic and sympathetic innervations to the cardiovascular system are present in dogs with achalasia of the esophagus. Fewer cardiovascular variables were significantly altered in dogs with achalasia than in normal dogs. Since this was true for both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic values, it is interpreted as reflecting their general health rather than a specific lesion.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗