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Results for “CESTODE INFECTIONS”

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PubMed2006

Infection with the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta induces changes in acetylcholine metabolism and muscarinic receptor mRNA expression in the rat jejunum.

Total and neuron-specific uptake of [3H] choline into smooth muscle/myenteric plexus (SM/MP) preparations from the jejunum of rats infected with five Hymenolepis diminuta for 30 days compared to uninfected rats was significantly increased, as was choline acetyltransferase activity and acetylcholine biosynthesis. Although acetylcholinesterase and total cholinesterase activity levels in SM/MP preparations from infected rats were not significantly different from uninfected animals, pseudocholinesterase activity was significantly elevated in infected rats. Infection resulted in a significant elevation in the relative expression of muscarinic 2 (M2) receptor mRNA in jejunum compared to uninfected rats. Conversely, in rats infected with 50 worms for 30 days, the relative expression of muscarinic 1 (M1) receptor mRNA in the jejunum was significantly depressed, while the expression of M2 receptor mRNA was not significantly different from that in five worm infections. The relative expression of muscarinic 3 receptor mRNA was unaffected by infection. The present study shows that infection of rats with low numbers of an enteric cestode leads to a significant modulation of the cholinergic components of the myenteric plexus and M2 receptor mRNA, and that large number of worms result in suppression in the relative expression of M1 receptor mRNA.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1981

Toxicological profile of praziquantel, a new drug against cestode and schistosome infections, as compared to some other schistosomicides.

2-Cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a] isoquinolin-4-one (praziquantel, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide), a new anthelminthic drug with activity against all species of schistosomes pathogenic to man, and against a wide range of cestodes, did not reveal any undesired pharmacodynamic effects. After oral administration praziquantel is quantitatively and rapidly absorbed, metabolized and excreted as a variety of metabolites predominantly via the kidneys by all species tested, including man. Its acute toxicity tested in rats, mice, rabbits and dogs is very low as compared with other schistosomicidal drugs. After repeated oral administration rats tolerated daily doses of up to 1000 mg/kg for four weeks, and dogs up to 180 mg/kg for thirteen weeks without any organ damage. In contrast to some other schistosomicidal drugs praziquantel did not disturb the whole reproductive process (up to F2-generation) in rats, nor did it reveal teratogenic effects in mice, rats and rabbits. In extensive mutagenicity trials performed in different European laboratories in a variety of test systems no induction of point mutations, nor of gene conversion, nor of DNA-repair, nor of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), nor of X-linked recessive lethals was detected. Besides, Salmonella tests with urines of praziquantel-treated mice, rats, healthy and Schistosoma-infected persons gave no indication of a mutagenic effect. In different in vivo mammalian assays praziquantel was not mutagenic either. In contrast to these findings other schistosomicidal drugs demonstrated mutagenic potential, in bacterial tests at least. According to the results available so far from carcinogenicity studies with oral doses of 100 and 250 mg praziquantel/kg, given once weekly to Syrian hamsters for 80 weeks and to rats for 104 weeks, there is no hint of a carcinogenic potential of praziquantel in small rodents, while hycanthone had cancerogenic effects in mice and niridazole was carcinogenic in mice, rats and Syrian hamsters.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A human infection of the cestode, Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense Yamane et al., 1986].

A mature cestode, obtained from a 49-year-old man in Fukuoka, southern Japan, was examined. The worm was about 70 cm in length without scolex. The largest segment was 1.8 x 0.8 cm. Cirrus sac lay at an obtuse angle (about 150 degrees) to seminal vesicle. The eggs were 62.06 +/- 9.40 x 43.33 +/- 6.43 microns and the shell thickness 1.0-1.5 microns, with round, shallow and sparsely distributed surface pits ranging 0.8-2.0 microns in diameter. The above features suggested that this worm was identified as the cestode, Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Peritoneal cestodiasis in a dog.

An unusual case of progressive abdominal distention due to massive infection with proliferating cestode larvae is reported in an imported Italian Greyhound. Cystic parasites, first detected incidentally at ovariohysterectomy, eventually infiltrated most abdominal organs and entered the pericardium. Morphologic, histologic, and electromicroscopic observations did not permit definitive identification of the parasites; however, they were not typical of the larval forms of species of either Taenia or Mesocestoides, which have been associated with this rare condition in the United States.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Surface markers of a purified peritoneal eosinophil population from Mesocestoides corti-infected BALB/c male mice.

Eosinophils of approximately 95% purity were prepared from the peritoneal cavities of BALB/c male mice infected with larval cestode, Mesocestoides corti. The alloantigenic surface marker phenotype of this cell population was shown to be H-2+Ly4+Ly5+Lyt-1-,2-,3-Ly-6-,7-Ia-Thy-1-TL-. Two of four anti-Lyt-2 sera were positive when tested on purified eosinophils by using the Staphylococcus aureus protein A sheep erythrocyte rosetting method, but absorption studies indicated that this reaction was not due to anti-Lyt-2 antibodies. Eosinophils are therefore Lyt-2-, although some Lyt-2 sera contain additional eosinophil reactive antibodies. A proportion (20 to 40%) of the population of eosinophils was positive for the Fc receptor, but all were negative for the C3 receptor and for surface immunoglobulin.

Animals↗