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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[The peripartum disease complex of the sow in industrial swine breeds. 1. Peripartum course of bacteriuria of sows with vaginal-vulvar discharge in a modern swine breeding facility].

In an industrial pig production unit ten sows were selected at random. All the sows had puerperal disease in their anamnesis and all of them revealed at the time of selection--during their late pregnancy--Urinary Tract Infection (UT)I and vaginal-vulvar discharge (VD). Mid-stream early morning urine samples were collected during four days ante partum and during four days post partum. The samples were semiquantitatively examined for E. coli and gram positive cocci. Three sows showed ante partum non significant bacteriuria which turned into significant bacteriuria post partum. The majority of the reminding sows revealed a significant bacteriuria during the whole period of examination.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Macrophage recruitment and activation: a model for comparing resistance to Salmonella enteritidis in different broiler breeds.

A model for comparing resistance to Salmonella Enteritidis was evaluated in different broiler breeds. The recruitment and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages were assessed in three different broiler breeds (A, B and C) which are farmed world-wide. Assessment was performed after three days of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 3% Sephadex G-200 (10 ml), initiated at twenty-one days of age, followed by contact with i.p. live S. Enteritidis (10 ml, 1.2 x 10(8) colony forming units/ml) for 45 min. Assessment included determination of the number of i.p. macrophages recruited, the number of i.p. phagocytized S. Enteritidis cells per macrophage, the levels of degranulated i.p. beta-glucuronidase and beta-galactosidase, and the count of surviving S. Enteritidis cells. Confirmation of the significance of the model was obtained by comparing resistance to field infection by S. Enteritidis in the three broiler breeds. The recruitment of i.p. macrophages in response to challenge with Sephadex and S. Enteritidis was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in birds of breed A (mean cumulative i.p. macrophage count, in 10 fields of microscopic slide smear magnified at x1,000, was equal to 81.7), compared to recruitment in birds of breed B (33.3) or breed C (41.2). The mean number of phagocytized S. Enteritidis cells per i.p. macrophage in birds of breed A (2.68) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in breed B (0.83) and insignificantly higher (P > 0.05) than in breed C (2.35). In addition, the highest level of recruitment and phagocytic activity of macrophages, in birds of breed A, was associated with a higher significant mean i.p. beta-glucuronidase activity (10,425.5 units/ml) than in breed B (3,438.2 units/ml) or breed C (3,356.94 units/ml) (P < 0.05). Moreover, birds of breed A demonstrated a higher mean i.p. beta-galactosidase activity (2.225 units/ml) than birds of breed B (0.852 units/ml) or breed C (1.852 units/ml) (P > 0.05). The higher level of recruitment and activity of i.p. macrophages and the higher rate of degranulation of i.p. enzymes in breed A were associated with a greater number of surviving i.p. S. Enteritidis cells. In response to outbreaks of S. Enteritidis in the field, the average mortality was significantly higher in flocks of breed A (3.2%) than in flocks of breed B (1.2%) or breed C (0.96%) (P < 0.05). These data provide an indication of the significance of the model in reflecting the differences in resistance of S. Enteritidis of broiler breeds reared in a farm environment.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

MtDNA diversity among four Portuguese autochthonous dog breeds: a fine-scale characterisation.

BACKGROUND: The picture of dog mtDNA diversity, as obtained from geographically wide samplings but from a small number of individuals per region or breed, has revealed weak geographic correlation and high degree of haplotype sharing between very distant breeds. We aimed at a more detailed picture through extensive sampling (n = 143) of four Portuguese autochthonous breeds - Castro Laboreiro Dog, Serra da Estrela Mountain Dog, Portuguese Sheepdog and Azores Cattle Dog-and comparatively reanalysing published worldwide data. RESULTS: Fifteen haplotypes belonging to four major haplogroups were found in these breeds, of which five are newly reported. The Castro Laboreiro Dog presented a 95% frequency of a new A haplotype, while all other breeds contained a diverse pool of existing lineages. The Serra da Estrela Mountain Dog, the most heterogeneous of the four Portuguese breeds, shared haplotypes with the other mainland breeds, while Azores Cattle Dog shared no haplotypes with the other Portuguese breeds.A review of mtDNA haplotypes in dogs across the world revealed that: (a) breeds tend to display haplotypes belonging to different haplogroups; (b) haplogroup A is present in all breeds, and even uncommon haplogroups are highly dispersed among breeds and continental areas; (c) haplotype sharing between breeds of the same region is lower than between breeds of different regions and (d) genetic distances between breeds do not correlate with geography. CONCLUSION: MtDNA haplotype sharing occurred between Serra da Estrela Mountain dogs (with putative origin in the centre of Portugal) and two breeds in the north and south of the country-with the Castro Laboreiro Dog (which behaves, at the mtDNA level, as a sub-sample of the Serra da Estrela Mountain Dog) and the southern Portuguese Sheepdog. In contrast, the Azores Cattle Dog did not share any haplotypes with the other Portuguese breeds, but with dogs sampled in Northern Europe. This suggested that the Azores Cattle Dog descended maternally from Northern European dogs rather than Portuguese mainland dogs. A review of published mtDNA haplotypes identified thirteen non-Portuguese breeds with sufficient data for comparison. Comparisons between these thirteen breeds, and the four Portuguese breeds, demonstrated widespread haplotype sharing, with the greatest diversity among Asian dogs, in accordance with the central role of Asia in canine domestication.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Heterosis, additive maternal and additive direct effects of the Red Poll and Boran breeds of cattle.

Data on 202 calves born, 191 calves weaned and 182 calves at 30 mo of age produced in 1969 from the Boran and Red Poll breeds and their reciprocal crosses were analyzed to estimate heterosis, additive maternal effects and additive direct effects on survival and growth traits from birth to 30 mo of age. The calves were produced in the Ankole District of south-western Uganda as a part of a beef cattle research program designed to provide information to support a commercial ranching development scheme in an area that had been cleared of the tsetse fly. Breed of sire effects were significant for birth and weaning weight, and breed of dam effects were significant for birth, weaning and 12-mo weight. Breed of sire and breed of dam effects that were significant showed the Boran breed to have higher values for all traits except breed of dam effects on birth weight; calves with Red Poll dams were 3.6 kg heavier (P less than .01) at birth than calves with Boran dams. Steers were significantly heavier than heifers at all ages except birth. Young cows (3 and 4 yr old) and old cows (9 yr old and older) produced calves that weighed significantly less at weaning, 12 mo and 18 mo than calves with dams that were 5 through 8 yr old. Heterosis effects were significant for weights at weaning, 12, 18, 24 and 30 mo of age; generally, heterosis effects on weight increased with age. Heterosis effects approached significance for survival from birth to 30 mo. Additive maternal effects were significant for birth weight; crossbred calves with Boran dams weighted 6.0 kg less at birth than crossbred calves with Red Poll dams. There was a reversal of the reciprocal effect between prenatal and postnatal gains; crossbred calves with Boran dams weighed 7.1 kg more at weaning than crossbred calves with Red Poll dams. Examination of additive direct effects showed the Boran breed to be significantly heavier than the Red Poll breed for birth weight and weaning weight. Additive direct effects showed the Boran breed to have generally higher (P greater than .05) values than the Red Poll breed for most other traits analyzed. Differences between straightbreds of the Boran and Red Poll breeds, which reflect differences in additive maternal and additive direct effects combined, significantly favored the Boran breed for weaning weight and 18-mo weight and favored (P less than .05) the Boran breed for all other traits except birth weight. It was concluded that the Red Poll breed had higher values for additive maternal effects for birth weight than the Boran breed in the climatic and nutritive environment in which this experiment was conducted; for most other traits evaluated, the Boran breed generally had higher values for additive maternal and higher values for additive direct effects than the Red Poll breed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Crossbreeding cattle in beef production programmes in Kenya. II. Comparison of purebred Boran and Boran crossed with the Red Poll and Santa Gertrudis breeds.

Two series of breed group comparisons for maternal traits were conducted at one location in Kenya. Data were collected on breed group series I for three years (Boran, 1/2 Red Poll-1/2 Boran (1/2 RP-1/2 B), 1/3 Red Poll-2/3 Boran (1/3 RP-2/3 B) and 2/3 Red Poll-1/3 Boran (2/3 RP-1/3 B) and on breed group series II for five years (Boran, 1/2 Santa Gertrudis-1/2 Boran (1/2 SG-1/2 B) and 1/2 Red Poll-1/2 Boran (1/2 RP-1/2 B]. The advantage in calf weight weaned per year per cow calving of 15.4% for the mean of three Red Poll-Boran crossbred groups over the purebred Boran in breed group series I can probably be accounted for by maternal heterosis. Thus the Red Poll breed probably does not exceed the Boran breed in additive maternal genetic effects in the environment where these data were collected. But the results suggest that the Red Poll breed exceeds the Boran breed in additive direct genetic effects for size while the Boran breed exceeds the Red Poll breed in additive maternal genetic effects as expressed by calf weight weaned per year per cow calving. Breed group series II comparisons show the Boran and the 1/2 SG-1/2 B breed groups do not differ (P greater than 0.05) in calf weight weaned per year per cow calving. The 1/2 SG-1/2 B breed group has maximum expected maternal heterosis; thus, it is indicated that the Boran breed exceeds the Santa Gertrudis breed in additive maternal genetic effects but the Santa Gertrudis breed exceeds the Boran breed in additive direct genetic effects for size.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Breeding soundness and libido examination of Belgian Blue and Holstein Friesian artificial insemination bulls in Belgium and The Netherlands.

Data on breeding soundness and libido evaluations in Belgian Blue (BB) bulls are scarce. The present study compared results of breeding soundness and libido evaluations of young BB bulls to young Holstein Friesian (HF) bulls prior to acceptance into an AI program. Breed differences for breeding soundness exist between BB and HF bulls, as 93.7% of the young BB bulls failed the breeding soundness examination (BSE) compared to 59.3% of the HF bulls (P=0.0005). Within the BB breed, differences were present between bulls of different ages, and bull selection for better fertility with increasing age apparently influenced the results. The number of reasons for which bulls failed the test differed between the age groups in the BB breed, whereas a tendency for more failure reasons in the BB breed was noticed in the breed comparison. The most important reasons for failure were sperm morphology and scrotal circumference (SC), but far more BB bulls failed for these traits compared to the HF breed (82.8% versus 56.0% and 43.8% versus 17.6% in the BB and the HF breed for sperm morphology (P=0.0005) and SC (P<0.0001), respectively). The high proportion of BB bulls with a substandard SC and poor sperm morphology might suggest an increased prevalence of testicular hypoplasia or degeneration within this breed. Concerning libido, the reaction time did not differ either between breeds or between age groups within the BB breed, whereas mounting enthusiasm, although not different between the two breeds, did decline with increasing age, probably due to the greater mating experience of the older bulls. All in all, libido did not seem to be different between the breeds.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic diversity and population structure of 20 North European cattle breeds.

Blood samples were collected from 743 animals from 15 indigenous, 2 old imported, and 3 commercial North European cattle breeds. The samples were analyzed for 11 erythrocyte antigen systems, 8 proteins, and 10 microsatellites, and used to assess inter- and intrabreed genetic variation and genetic population structures. The microsatellites BoLA-DRBP1 and CSSM66 were nonneutral markers according to the Ewens-Watterson test, suggesting some kind of selection imposed on these loci. North European cattle breeds displayed generally similar levels of multilocus heterozygosity and allelic diversity. However, allelic diversity has been reduced in several breeds, which was explained by limited effective population sizes over the course of man-directed breed development and demographic bottlenecks of indigenous breeds. A tree showing genetic relationships between breeds was constructed from a matrix of random drift-based genetic distance estimates. The breeds were classified on the basis of the tree topology into four major breed groups, defined as Northern indigenous breeds, Southern breeds, Ayrshire and Friesian breeds, and Jersey. Grouping of Nordic breeds was supported by documented breed history and geographical divisions of native breeding regions of indigenous cattle. Divergence estimates between Icelandic cattle and indigenous breeds suggested a separation time of more than 1,000 years between Icelandic cattle and Norwegian native breeds, a finding consistent with historical evidence.

Alleles↗