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PubMed1966

Hemoglobins M: identification of Iwate, Boston, and Saskatoon variants.

Hemoglobin M variants, M Iwate, M Boston, M Saskatoon are easily and accurately identified by electron spin resonance with small amounts of patients' blood. In hemoglobin M Iwate and M Boston the electron spin resonance of both fresh blood (unprocessed) and isolated pure ferrihemoglobin M revealed similar signal shapes; whereas that of hemoglobin M Saskatoon was doublet in fresh blood and triplet in pure ferrihemoglobin M.

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy↗
PubMed1999

It all started on a streetcar in Boston.

We first met on a Boston streetcar in 1940, being introduced by a mutual friend. Celia was returning from research work at the Massachusetts General Hospital as part of her senior thesis at Radcliffe College, and Herb was returning from a concert by the Boston Symphony. We were married in 1946 after Celia had finished her medical training. We started working together in 1952, and we are still actively collaborating in our studies on various aspects of the biosynthesis and function of polyamines. We are honored to have been invited by the editors of the Annual Review of Biochemistry to summarize our activities in biochemical research over the past 60 years. During most of this time we have been at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md., and we have witnessed the enormous expansion of biomedical research that has occurred during this period. In addition to summarizing our research, Herb summarizes his association with the Journal of Biological Chemistry and the remarkable developments that have occurred recently in electronic publication and dissemination of scientific literature.

Biochemistry↗
PubMed1983

The delta-beta-crossing-over site in the fusion gene of the Lepore-Boston disease might be localized in a preferential recombination region.

The delta-beta-fusion gene of heterozygous Lepore-Boston patient contains a large intervening sequence (IVS2) which could derive entirely from the beta-gene. This conclusion was obtained using a specific beta-IVS2 probe to analyse the physical map of the Lepore-Boston DNA which has shown the presence of a specific beta-AvaII site at the 5' end of the delta-beta-Lepore fusion gene. Thus, the crossing-over between delta- and beta-globin genes to explain the delta-beta-Lepore recombination could be localized between the delta-codon 87 and the 5' end of the beta-IVS2. The second protein-encoding region might represent a preferential recombination position in disorders associated with structurally abnormal globin chains resulting from fusion genes.

Cell Fusion↗
PubMed2000

Differences in stroke subtypes among natives and caucasians in Boston and Buenos Aires.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Several issues regarding ethnic-cultural factors, sex-related variation, and risk factors for stroke have been described in the literature. However, there have been no prospective studies comparing ethnic differences and stroke subtypes between populations from South America and North America. It has been suggested that natives from Buenos Aires, Argentina, may have higher frequency of hemorrhagic strokes and penetrating artery disease than North American subjects. The aim of this study was to validate this hypothesis. METHODS: We studied the database of all consecutive acute stroke patients admitted to the Ramos Mejia Hospital (RMH) in Buenos Aires and to the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIMC) in Boston, Massachusetts, from July 1997 to March 1999. Stroke subtypes were classified according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria. All information on patients (demographic, clinical, and radiographic) was recorded prospective to the assessment of the stroke subtype. RESULTS: Three hundred sixty-one and 479 stroke patients were included at RMH and BIMC stroke data banks, respectively. Coronary artery disease was significantly more frequent in BIMC (P:<0.001), whereas tobacco and alcohol intake were significantly more frequent in RMH (P:<0.001). Intracerebral hemorrhage (P:<0.001) and penetrating artery disease (P:<0.001) were significantly more frequent in the RMH registry, whereas large-artery disease (P:<0.02) and cardioembolism (P:<0.001) were more common in the BIMC data bank. CONCLUSIONS: Penetrating artery disease and intracerebral hemorrhage were the most frequent stroke subtypes in natives from Buenos Aires. Lacunar strokes and intracerebral hemorrhage were more frequent among Caucasians from Buenos Aires than Caucasians from Boston. Poor risk factor control and dietary habits could explain these differences.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Localization of the site of recombination in formation of the Lepore Boston globin gene.

The site of crossover between the delta- and beta-globin gene sequences resulting in Lepore Boston globin gene formation has been localized at the DNA Level. Probes specific for detecting the intervening sequences (IVS) of the delta- and beta-globin genes were used to map the origin of cellular DNA fragments of a patient homozygous for hemoglobin Lepore Boston. Restriction endonuclease analysis and hybridization of this DNA to IVS specific probes show that most, if not all, of the large intervening sequences (IVS 2) in Lepore DNA are derived from the beta-globin gene IVS 2. In addition, the crossover occurs in a region of DNA in which the delta- and beta-genes have almost complete nucleotide homology, and might be expected to pair most tightly during meiosis.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

The Boston Teacher Questionnaire. 2. Assessments of validity.

We assessed the validity of the Boston Teacher Questionnaire in a sample of 3451 9-year-old children. Those identified by the questionnaire as having a learning difficulty syndrome were compared to those without any characteristic of that syndrome. The validity reference measures were individually administered neuropsychological assessments at age 7 years and a group-administered reading achievement test at age 9 years. Girls and boys with the reading syndrome had much lower reading scores at age 9 years than did their peers. Boys, but not girls, with the arithmetic syndrome were much more likely than their peers to have arithmetic scores more than one grade below the expected level at age 7 years. Girls and boys with the tasks syndrome, characterized by impersistence, dependence, and inflexibility, were more likely than those without any features of the syndrome to be classified as having little or no goal orientation by a neuropsychologist who assessed the children in an office setting. Similarly, the neuropsychologist was much more likely than expected to have classified children with the attention syndrome as having a short attention span, and to have classified boys, but not girls, with the hyperactivity syndrome as having an unusual/extreme level and nature of overactivity. Children with any syndrome were more likely than others to have low scores on components of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, items of the Bender-Gestalt Test that assessed integration and distortion, and measures of reading comprehension. We conclude that the Boston Teacher Questionnaire validly identifies children with learning problems.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1994

Implementing the Boston Healthy Start Initiative: a case study of community empowerment and public health.

This article examines the efforts on the part of a city health department, in partnership with a broad-based coalition of community-based, government, and social service agencies, to plan and implement, using principles of empowerment and community participation, a federally funded infant mortality reduction program. It examines the social and institutional dynamics of sharing power in an environment highly charged politically. Infant mortality in Boston is much more than a public health problem. It is the focal point of complex racial, political, and institutional factors. This case study illustrates how empowerment moves from rhetoric to reality and the challenge to both traditional public health practice and traditional community mobilization. The article describes the federal Healthy Start Initiative and its community participation mandate, the background on infant mortality in Boston, a case study of the development of the Healthy Start program from the perspective of community empowerment, and finally, the lessons learned in the first 2 years of the program. It describes the controversies encountered, some of the mistakes made, and the ways found that government must be reinvented if empowerment is to be a real public health tool.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2002

Visual degradation in Boston Naming Test performance.

The 60 pictures of the Boston Naming Test were degraded via a mask to be either "easy," "medium", or "hard" to process visually. The visual mask was created by cutting a 2-in. x 2-in. square from a security mailing envelope and progressively reducing the size 25% on a copy machine. Three groups of 50 undergraduates each were randomly assigned to one of these three degradation conditions, and the number of correct identifications made was measured. We expected that as degradation increased (from easy to medium to hard), Boston Naming Test performance would decrease. A one-way analysis of variance indicated that group scores differed. With "easy" degradation more pictures were identified in comparison with performance in the "hard" degradation condition, but no other differences were significant. Results were discussed from the perspective of how unknown situational variables may affect performance on psychological tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Use of bioelectrical impedance to predict leanness of Boston butts.

The objective of this research was to make available bioelectrical impedance technology for the prediction of kilograms of lean and kilograms of fat-free muscle of Boston butts. Seventy butts were removed from 70 pork carcasses according to standard procedures (NAMP, #406), with the exception that the fat was not removed. After the weight in kilograms (BUTT) and internal temperature in degrees centigrade (TEMP) were recorded, each butt was measured for resistance (Rs, ohms), reactance (Xc, ohms), and distance (L, centimeters) between detector terminals four different ways: parallel or perpendicular to the top of the carcass and on either lean surface or fat surface of the cut. Each cut was physically separated into lean, fat, and bone. Chemical composition (moisture, protein, and fat) was determined on the lean portion. Variable selection analysis was used to develop equations for predicting kilograms of lean and kilograms of fat-free muscle of Boston butts. Results of measurements of the four sites were quite similar; however, measuring perpendicularly on the lean surface is recommended. The prediction equation for kilograms of lean from measurements thus taken is as follows: .461-.0304 x TEMP + .576 x BUTT - .0118 x Rs + .00845 x Xc + .0630 x L. The respective coefficients of these independent variables for predicting kilograms of fat-free muscle are .537, -.0415, .479, -.0139, .00804, and .0764. In an industry application of these coefficients, recording temperature would not be imperative because the temperature range would be sufficiently narrow to render temperature of little practical influence when separating butts according to leanness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Initial correction with the Boston Thoracic Brace.

The Boston Thoracic Brace, i.e. a Boston Brace without superstructures, has been used for treatment of scoliosis in 57 patients with 91 major curves measuring 31.8 +/- 6.5 degrees, the apex of the scolioses varying from D 7 to L 3. There was a mean correction of 12.9 +/- 6.4 degrees (41 per cent), which was superior to that of the Milwaukee Brace also in the thoracic scolioses (mean correction 3.6 +/- 5.8 degrees) (10 per cent).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Effect of the Boston thoracic brace on the frontal and sagittal curves of the spine.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the sagittal and lateral curves in progressive idiopathic scoliosis treated conservatively with the Boston thoracic brace. The importance of the delordosation was confirmed. The correlation was, however, seen only between correction of the lumbar lordosis and correction of the lumbar scoliosis. The correction of the proximal thoracic scoliosis with the brace was equally good, without a similar correlation between correction of the proximal scoliosis and correction of the sagittal curves being observed. A coupling between the correction of the two scolioses may therefore be suspected. Further, the correcting forces of the Boston thoracic brace seemed to be approximately the same independent of the range of the scoliosis, at least between 10 degrees and 40 degrees.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Health care study on industry perspective on health reform. The Boston Consulting Group.

Many senior health care executives support President Clinton's health care reform objectives, although they question the government's ability to execute reform and control escalating health care costs, according to a survey released by The Boston Consulting Group. The survey also revealed that the majority of those interviewed endorse managed competition and believe that universal coverage is the right goal to pursue. Seventy-five CEOs or senior executives at some of the nation's largest teaching and community hospitals, HMOs, pharmaceutical companies, and medical suppliers were interviewed by The Boston Consulting Group for the survey.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contrast sensitivity in extended wear of the Boston IV lens.

Over a one-year period we evaluated subjective and objective factors associated with extended wear of Boston IV rigid gas permeable contact lenses. Patients wore the lens on an extended wear schedule, with removal at 2-week intervals for cleaning. We performed keratometry and endothelial cell counts and measured visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, refraction, and corneal thickness at the initial visit (with patients wearing their former glasses or soft or hard lenses) and again at 6 and 12 months (with patients wearing the Boston IV lens). Twenty-four of 31 patients (77%) completed the study. All measured parameters were checked for statistically significant change over time. Contrast sensitivity increased at all spatial frequencies tested, with the largest increments occurring at higher frequencies (P less than .001). The other parameters showed no significant changes (P greater than .05). Our data support the use of contrast sensitivity for qualitative assessment of visual function among contact lens wearers and suggest that contrast sensitivity testing may prove to be a more effective means of evaluating visual acuity in contact lens wearers over time than Snellen acuity.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1966

Boston libraries...what have we here.

From the vast array of libraries in the Boston area, a sampling is described. While the emphasis is on medical and nursing libraries, other libraries of various types and sizes are included in order to whet the appetites of librarians visiting Boston in 1966. Since the Medical Library Assistance Act has generated interest in planning and construction, a brief survey of new library buildings is presented.

Libraries↗
PubMed1984

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis revisited: a review of experience at Boston City and other hospitals.

During a 10-year period, 136 patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis were seen at Boston City Hospital and other hospitals affiliated with Boston University School of Medicine. Review of these cases revealed that the prevalence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis was declining less rapidly than that of pulmonary disease. Extrapulmonary disease represented 4.5% of all new cases of active tuberculosis and tended to occur in older patients than in previous reports. Sites of involvement included lymph nodes, blood, genitourinary tract, bone and articular sites, the meninges, peritoneum, adrenal glands, pericardium, and miscellaneous sites, in this order. Diagnosis was confirmed by a variety of techniques whose relative merits are discussed. Overall, 14 deaths occurred among the 136 patients. One-half of the deaths resulted from causes other than tuberculosis and two patients died before diagnosis and initiation of therapy. Evaluation of the relative efficacy of therapeutic regimens was hampered by a high degree of recidivism in this population and the multitude of regimens utilized. These observations indicate that extrapulmonary tuberculosis still occurs with substantial frequency among patients seen in "inner-city" hospitals and that its recognition may be complicated by its occurrence in older patients with other medical conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Idiopathic scolioses treated with the Boston brace].

It is well known that Boston bracing may stop progression in many patients with minor curves. One hundred and thirty-eight patients were treated with the Boston brace for idiopathic scoliosis. Age was 14.1 +/- 1.6 years at the time of bracing, and the length of time spent in the brace was 2.6 +/- 1.0 years. The major curve at the time of bracing was 39 +/- 10 degrees, and 36 +/- 11 degrees at the time of follow-up in the patients who completed bracing. Thirty-six patients progressed, and were later fused. None of the patients with the apex of the curve between T11 and L1 required spinal fusion (p < 0.0001). No patients with curve magnitude on sidebending of less than 11 degrees needed spinal fusion. None of the patients who had a Harrington factor of less than five degrees per vertebra needed spinal fusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Long-term results of Boston brace treatment on vertebral rotation in idiopathic scoliosis.

The long-term effect of Boston brace treatment was investigated by computed tomography measurements before treatment, after bracing, and at mean follow-up at 8.5 years in 25 patients with idiopathic scoliosis. At follow-up, the pretreatment Cobb angle, the vertebral rotation, the rib hump, and the translation of the apical vertebra were not significantly changed. The sagittal diameter of the thoracic cage was significantly decreased at follow-up. The current study demonstrates that the Boston brace does not improve, but prevents progression of vertebral rotation, translation, rib hump, and Cobb angle in idiopathic scoliosis. The reduced sagittal diameter is noteworthy and may be of importance for cosmesis and pulmonary function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Initiation of services in the Boston HAPPENS Program: human immunodeficiency virus-positive, homeless, and at-risk youth can access services.

This study evaluates the factors associated with initiation of services in the Boston HAPPENS Program, which is a collaborative network of care consisting of multiservice outreach agencies, community health centers and hospitals, for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and hard to reach youth who are 12-24 years old. The program served 2116 youth who were 19.8 +/- 2.9 years old; 64% female; 45% youth of color; 16% gay/lesbian, bisexual, or undecided; and 10% homeless or runaway. At first contact with the program, 56% received outreach services; and 91% received a health intervention. Among those receiving a health intervention, 55% had HIV counseling and testing services, 49% medical care, 24% case management, and 9% mental health services. HIV-positive youth needed more contacts before a first medical visit than those who were HIV-negative or untested (p < 0.001). Different kinds of service sites reached different populations of at-risk youth. Logistic regression modeling showed that for young women, older age, lesbian-bisexual orientation, substance use, high-risk sexual behaviours, and receiving outreach services at first contact were independent predictors of initiation of services at outreach agencies; however, unprotected sex with males, and pregnancy were associated with a greater likelihood of care at hospitals or community health centers. For young men, older age, Asian/other ethnicity, and substance abuse were associated with care at outreach agencies; however, positive HIV status and unprotected sex with females were associated with care at hospitals or community health centers. Comprehensive networks of care offering a continuum of services and a variety of entry routes and types of care sites are needed to connect underserved youth to health care.

Adolescent↗