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PubMedDate not supplied

Antenatal care: some characteristics of the booking visit in a major teaching hospital in the developing world.

BACKGROUND: The first (booking) visit is a very important component of antenatal care as service providers use the occasion to collect basic medical information that will form the basis to care for the patient throughout pregnancy. The study was undertaken to establish the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients booking at the UBTH, and determine areas where changes could be made to improve service uptake. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between the months of February and August 1998, 378 consecutive pregnant women initiating antenatal care were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: The majorities (52.1%) of the patients were middle class, while 87.5% have a secondary or tertiary education. The mean age of the mothers was 29.7 years, and a mean parity of 1.3. Primigravidae constituted 32.0% of the patients; the number of mothers booking declined with increasing parity. The mean gestational age at booking was 23.7 weeks. The sixth month was the peak period for the initiation of antenatal care. The decision to attend UBTH for antenatal care was taken by the husband alone in 52% of the cases. Late booking because of ignorance and financial constraints was observed in 41.5% and 25% of the patients respectively. CONCLUSION: Patients attending UBTH are educated and of low parity. Initiation of antenatal care is late due to ignorance and financial constraints. Male dominance influences patients' adequate utilisation of antenatal services. Provision for the expectant fathers to attend maternity care activities will improve service uptake.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

["The Art of Nursing" by Florence Nightingale, published by Claud Morris Books Limited and printed in 1946, which is considered a draft of "Notes on Nursing"].

There are three versions of "Notes of Nursing," that is Nightingale's most famous work. Recently a book that is considered a draft of Nightingale's "Notes on Nursing," was published by Claud Morris Books Limited in 1946. This book is not contained in the "Bio-Bibliography of Florence Nightingale" by Bishop and Goldie. The publisher says about the source that this book is an entirely new and revised edition of Miss Florence Nightingale's personal notes on nursing, first written in 1859. The publisher acknowledges with gratitude the cooperation of Miss P.E. Nutt, in making available correspondence of Florence Nightingale and of Colonel C.H. Paynter in preparing a copy of the first edition of Miss Nightingale's "Notes on Nursing". This book is composed of the preface and 14 chapters. The preface's title is "Every woman is a nurse", and there is Nightingale's autograph with the date 1859 at the end of the preface. There are some differences between "The Art of Nursing" and "Notes on Nursing". In the former, there is a title to the preface and the first chapter's title is "Don't leave it to the doctor" and the last chapter's title is "Testament for a good nurse". In the latter, there is no title to the preface and the content of the former's first chapter is put only as a prologue before the first chapter. The former's last chapter's title is changed to "Conclusion". Further, each chapter has been somewhat expanded. From the above, we can see that, at what may be considered the draft stage of "Notes on Nursing", Nightingale wanted to emphasize the following things: "Every woman is a nurse", "Don't leave it to the doctor,; and "Testament for a good nurse". However, we can see that, at the stage of publishing of "Notes of Nursing", Nightingale had second thoughts. She complied with advice she received to avoid dissension among the knowlegeable and antipathy from doctors, and she settled on plain expression to make the contents clear to all.

England↗
PubMed2003

["Baur-Fischer-Lenz" in 1921-1940 critical book reviews: a quantitative study of contemporary reception of racial eugenics theories].

In 1921 the distinguished scientists Erwin Baur, Eugen Fischer and Fritz Lenz published the book "Menschliche Erblichkeitslehre und Rassenhygiene" in two volumes. Until 1941 their work went through 5 editions and became the standard textbook on human heredity and racial hygiene (eugenics) in Germany. Between 1921 and 1941 Baur's, Fischer's and Lenz's book was reviewed in many German and foreign scientific and popular journals. 325 of these reviews have been systematically analysed. They paint a representative picture of the book's contemporary reception. The analysis of the reviews helps to quantify the acceptance of the book among the German scientific community and shows how the reviewers created the image of the book as a standard work. Furthermore, the analysis elucidates the style of thinking that was prevalent among the reviewers.

Ethnicity↗
PubMed1996

Selected list of books and journals in allied health.

This list of 410 books and 76 journals is intended as a selection guide to be used in a library supporting allied health educational programs or allied health personnel in either an academic or health care setting. Because of the impossibility of covering the large number and wide variety of allied health professions and occupations, the recommended publications are focused primarily on the educational programs listed and described in the AMA's Allied Health and Rehabilitation Professions Education Directory, plus physical therapy, dental allied health, medical secretarial, nutrition, and speech pathology/audiology programs. Books and journals are categorized by subject; the book list is followed by an author/editor index, and the subject list of journals by an alphabetical title listing. Items suggested for initial purchase (163 books and 31 journals) are indicated by asterisks. To purchase the entire collection of books and journals (1996 subscriptions) would require an expenditure of about $26,740. The cost of only the asterisked items totals $11,160.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

As a prelude: bringing melancholia to book.

Democritus Junior, the alleged author of the Anatomy of Melancholy, resembles his creator, Robert Burton, in that he is melancholy. If Burton, who must have practised the art of memory, who has been called a belated survivor of the Middle Ages, and who read too many books for his own good, was melancholy, it was probably because he lived at the time when the great research libraries were being created and when the invention of the printing press led to an extraordinary proliferation of books. Democritus Junior, Robert Burton's invention, attempts to reinvent the book which the real Democritus was writing when the pseudo-Hippocrates arrived "to visite him one day in his garden at Abdera" supposedly to cure him of his alleged madness; this book, like all of Democritus's books, has not come down to us.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Books as therapy for children of alcoholics.

Books can help child welfare professionals who work with children of alcoholics as an adjunct to other therapies and interventions. Fiction books used in bibliotherapy and nonfiction books directed at the COA, adult, and professional communities can all serve useful purposes. As with any other technique, there are limitations to its effectiveness. Children who are good readers and/or used to finding solutions for other kinds of needs in books will probably profit most. When combined judiciously with personal interaction, however, books can help professionals break through COAs' defensive barriers and meet the special needs of this difficult-to-reach, at-risk population.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1982

Skin cancer comic book: evaluation of a public educational vehicle.

A 16-page 4-color comic book was developed as part of a multimedia public education campaign designed to improve skin cancer knowledge and prevention/detection behavior. A concentrated comic book distribution to each of 8,000 households in a predominantly Caucasian area was preceded and followed by personal interviews with 300 residents randomly selected from this area. In households reading the comic book (N-122), respondents reported the following changes as a direct result of readership--avoidance of sun exposure between 10 am and 2 pm (44.3%), use of sunscreens with SPF 8 and over (38.5%), skin self-examination (34.4%), and use of protective clothing (29.5%). To a lesser extent nonreaders also showed positive increases, suggesting exposure to other educational efforts of the skin cancer campaign. Over 90% of the readers felt that the comic book was easy to read, easy to understand, and interesting. The comic book appealed less to males and to those above the age of 50 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Observations on the effect of work on human health in a book by John Baptiste Lalangue].

The paper presents particulars on damaging effects of work on human health drawn from the first professional medical book published in the Croatian language. Most official documents and papers of the 18th century were written in Latin. Originally, the subject book, Medicina Ruralis, was also written in Latin and subsequently translated to Croatian. It was published in 1776, in the city of Varazdin, Croatian capital at the time. The author was John the Baptist Lalangue, the viceroy's physician and the official physician of the Varazdin county, during the rule of Hapsburg archduchess Maria Theresa. The paper attempts to show to what extent does the Lalangue's book reflect the first ideas and recommendations related to occupational diseases, particularly those described in the capital work of Ramazzini who was acknowledged as "the father of occupational health". Such ideas developed with the progress of the Industrial Revolution at the end of 17th century. In his book, Lalangue considers hard, physical work the major cause of diseases in population he observed and cured in his everyday practice. He gave detailed recommendations for physicians on how to get professional history data of the patient. Furthermore, Lalangue's book introduces the first ideas as to the professional rehabilitation of diseased persons. The paper concludes that Lalangue's ideas represent the origins of modern occupational health on Croatian territory, and emphasises the significance of such ideas appearing soon after their occurrence in other industrially more developed European countries.

Belgium↗
PubMed2004

[Medical publications within private libraries of the European enlightenment. About the medically learned German novelist Johann Gottwerth Müller (1743-1828) and his stock of medical books].

The German novelist J. G. Müller is one of the popular writers of the late 18th century. The encyclopaedically educated scholar, from his point of view, is obliged to support publicly the welfare of state and society. Although Müller studied medicine he did not practise making his living from his novels which dealt critically with absolutist society. Medical studies and serious illness caused a lifelong interest in medical affairs ranging from the treatment of patients, the organisation of healthcare, the distribution of medicines, charlatanism, to everybody's responsibility for health. For him the syndrome of health/illness/medical science became part of the general status of science and a metaphor for the present and future conditions of class society. This engagement led to the compliation of approximately 280 medical books as part of his library which contained more than 13,000 volumes documented in the catalogue printed for public sale in 1829: "Verzeichnib der von dem Herrn Dr. Ph. Joh. Gottw. Müller in Itzehoe hinterlassenen Bibliothek, [...]/Contents of Joh. Gottw. Müller, Ph.D., library left behind in Itzehoe [...]."The essay comprises an introduction to Müller's collection of medical books and a complete bibliographical documentation. His books cover the medical discourse from the 17th to early 19th century focusing on publications of the 18th century. They offer information on medical bibliographies, catalogues, biographies, history of medical science, reference, specific publications on a large variety of actual topics such as medical science, treatment, politics, appliances, and social as well as hygienic questions. This stock of publications reveals itself as an additional source for an understanding of book-collecting in the 18th century, the history of privately organised medical libraries, and the discourse of medical science and treatment at a time of transition from a humoral-pathological to a firmer understanding of pathological concepts around 1800.

Book Collecting↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of consumer-oriented books on medications.

Consumers increasingly want to be informed about the processes involved in their own health care. Health professionals may be called upon to recommend appropriate consumer-oriented sources of information. To assist the health professional in making a rational recommendation, 15 currently available consumer-oriented books on prescription medications were compared with respect to readability, number of drugs covered, completeness of drug monograph information, price, and other factors. Mean readability scores, reported as a reading grade level, ranged from 9.2 to 14.3. The number of drugs covered by these books ranged from 135 to 1,200. Monograph completeness scores were assigned by determining the percentage of information from a standard reference's drug monograph covered in each book. The lowest percentage completeness score was 21.4%, while the highest was 76.7%. Prices for the books ranged from $2.50 to $19.95. Regardless of the relative priorities placed on these factors, a consumer or health professional may use the objective and descriptive assessments of this study to make an informed decision when choosing among consumer-oriented sources of medication information.

Books↗
PubMed2006

Brazilian plants as possible adaptogens: an ethnopharmacological survey of books edited in Brazil.

In a survey, from Brazilian books, we searched plants that are in popular use for purposes resembling those of an adaptogen. This study focused on 24 books by authors from diverse regions in the country, resulting in a total of 1317 citations of uses related to a possible adaptogen effect from approximately 766 plants. Only species native to Brazil, cited in at least four books, were selected, resulting a total of 33 species, belonging to 24 families. Of these, four species have been studied previously in relation to effects that are considered as part of an adaptogen effect (anti-stress, memory enhancement, increased physical and/or sexual performance): Heteropterys aphrodisiaca (Malpighiaceae), Paullinia cupana (Sapindaceae), Ptychopetalum olacoides (Olacaceae), and Turnera diffusa (Turneraceae). Three others--Pfaffia glomerata, Pfaffia paniculata (Amaranthaceae), and Trichilia catigua (Meliaceae)--have also been the object of pharmacological studies that support their use as a possible adaptogen, but they are listed in less than four books. The overall results obtained in the present review of Brazilian folk literature reveals that Brazil is rich in plants with potential adaptogen-like effect, but lacks pharmacological studies (mostly clinical ones) to confirm these therapeutic properties.

Books↗
PubMed2006

Get the picture? The effects of iconicity on toddlers' reenactment from picture books.

What do toddlers learn from everyday picture-book reading interactions? To date, there has been scant research exploring this question. In this study, the authors adapted a standard imitation procedure to examine 18- to 30-month-olds' ability to learn how to reenact a novel action sequence from a picture book. The results provide evidence that toddlers can imitate specific target actions on novel real-world objects on the basis of a picture-book interaction. Children's imitative performance after the reading interaction varied both as a function of age and the level of iconicity of the pictures in the book. These findings are discussed in terms of children's emerging symbolic capacity and the flexibility of the cognitive representation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

Fostering literal and inferential language skills in Head Start preschoolers with language impairment using scripted book-sharing discussions.

PURPOSE: Preschoolers with language impairment have difficulties with both literal and inferential language, both of which are critical to later reading comprehension. Because these children are known to be at risk for later reading comprehension difficulties, it is important to design and test interventions that foster both literal and inferential language skills. Using a randomized pretest-posttest control group design, we investigated whether an 8-week, one-on-one book-sharing intervention would improve both the literal and inferential language skills of Head Start preschoolers with language impairments. METHOD: Thirty children were randomly assigned to either a control group that received no intervention or to a treatment group that received twice-weekly 15-min sessions in which adults read books and asked both literal and inferential questions about the books using scripts that were embedded throughout the text. Treatment and control groups were compared using pre- and posttest scores on 2 measures of literal and 1 measure of inferential language skill. RESULTS: Significant group differences, and medium to large effect sizes, were found between pre- and posttest scores for all 3 measures. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that book sharing with embedded questions that target both literal and inferential language skills can result in gains on both types of language in this population. Future studies with larger number of children are needed to corroborate these findings.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Measuring leg-length discrepancy by the "iliac crest palpation and book correction" method: reliability and validity.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the reliability and validity of a clinical measurement of leg-length discrepancy (LLD), by using the iliac crest palpation and book correction (ICPBC) method. DESIGN: Intra- and interrater reliability and validity determinations. SETTING: Rehabilitation center. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-four healthy subjects, none of whom had an apparent LLD, as determined by iliac crest palpation. INTERVENTIONS: We induced a simulated LLD (7-53 mm) for each subject. To measure the LLD, the examiner performed the ICPBC method by palpating the iliac crests and correcting identified differences with a book opened to the required number of pages. The thickness of the book correction was measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reliability LLD measurement (n = 20), by using the ICPBC method to measure the LLD; construct validity (n = 34), comparing ICPBC measurement with the extent of the induced LLD; and concurrent validity (n = 14), the difference in heights of the superior aspect of the femoral heads from standing radiographs. RESULTS: The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the intrarater and interrater reliabilities were.98 and.91, respectively. The ICCs for the construct and concurrent validities were.62 and.76, respectively. The ICPBC method underestimated the induced LLD by a mean difference +/- standard deviation of 3.8 +/- 10.3mm (p =.055) and the radiologic measure by 5.1 +/- 8.6 mm (p =.043). CONCLUSIONS: The ICPBC technique for measuring LLD is highly reliable and moderately valid. When there is no history of pelvic deformity and the iliac crests can be readily palpated, we recommend using iliac crest palpation to detect LLD, and the book correction to quantify it.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An approach to publishing an edited book.

This article outlines the steps taken by the authors to publish a co-edited nursing research book to assist nurses interested in editing a book or writing a book chapter. The authors' experiences are used to help illustrate the preparation and editing of manuscripts. Collaboration among co-editors, chapter authors (contributors), and the staff of the publishing company is vital when publishing an edited book.

Books↗
PubMed2005

Measurements of radioactivity in books and calculations of resultant eye doses to readers.

Natural and fallout radioactivity in some book samples were measured with an HPGe detector coupled with a 4096 channel analyzer in order to estimate the radiation doses to readers' eyes from books. The radiation doses to a population at large due to the presence of radioactivity in the book are not significant. Thus, no radiation hazard occurs from the radioactivity content in the book. The estimated radiation doses to eyes were found to be below the maximum permissible dose to eyes recommended by ICRP.

Books↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Number of children's books in the home: an indicator of parent health literacy.

BACKGROUND: One in 4 US adults have poor health literacy, unable to read and understand written medical information. Current tools that assess health literacy skills are too lengthy to be useful in routine clinical encounters. OBJECTIVE: To determine which of 7 screening questions is most useful for identifying parents with adequate health literacy. DESIGN/METHODS: A cross-sectional study of an ethnically diverse sample of 163 parents of children aged 12 to 24 months presenting for routine care at 1 of 6 inner-city clinics. Literacy was measured by performance on the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy for Adults, which was categorized as "adequate" or "inadequate or marginal." The 7 screening questions concerned parents' educational achievement, educational expectations for the child, and home literacy environment. RESULTS: Eighty-three percent of respondents had adequate health literacy, which was highest among those who were African American, were born outside the United States, spoke English primarily at home, and had completed high school. Only 2 factors, however, were independently associated with adequate health literacy: more than 10 adults' books or more than 10 children's books in the home. "More than 10 children's books" had a positive predictive value of 91%. CONCLUSIONS: Having more than 10 children's books in the home is a useful, independent indicator of adequate parent health literacy. More research is needed, however, to find a better screening tool for identifying parents with increased health literacy needs.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Agreement among readers on what is relevant in self-help psychology books.

It was hypothesized that text marking in self-help psychology books would indicate that readers agree on which pages and lines contain relevant information. Previously owned copies of two self-help book titles (n=48, n=38), all with marked text, were collected from second-hand book stores and scored for line and page marking. Chi-squares for goodness-of-fit yielded significant differences between observed and chance agreement in marking behavior. Intraclass and KR-20 correlations were significantly different from zero, suggesting that readers agreed on what information was relevant and irrelevant. Actual users of self-help books may have similar standards because of cultural values, social group relations, or common problem experiences.

Adult↗