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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Analysis of body sway pattern after alcohol ingestion in human subjects.

Movements of the centre of gravity during 60 s of standing with eyes closed and eyes open were analysed before and after alcohol ingestion up to 8 h in 37 healthy human subjects. Blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations (BAC and BAcHC) were measured simultaneously. Among the parameters analysed, area of posturogram was the most sensitive indicator; it increased to 3.8 times that of the control value at 60 min, after 3.5 ml/kg of ingested whisky (mean BAC of this group was 1.4 mg/ml), with the eyes open. The Romberg ratio, which denotes eyes closed relative to eyes open, remained constant. By contrast, there was little change in stabilometry in cases of 1.2 ml/kg of whisky ingestion (mean BAC at 60 min was 0.58 mg/ml). It is considered that body sway starts to increase when the BAC level exceeds 0.6 mg/ml on average; this value is only higher than the threshold of positional alcohol nystagmus. Correlation coefficients between BAC and each parameter of the stabilogram in the eyes open condition, such as area, X- and Y-axis diameters, and velocity of body sway, were 0.53, 0.45 and 0.48, respectively (p less than 0.01). There was no positive correlation between BAcHC and these parameters.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1996

smaug protein represses translation of unlocalized nanos mRNA in the Drosophila embryo.

nanos mRNA, which encodes the localized component of the Drosophila posterior body patterning determinant, is normally translated only at the posterior pole of the embryo, where the mRNA is concentrated. Here we identify two similar cis-acting sequences in the nanos mRNA 3' untranslated region that mediate translational repression. These sequences bind an embryonic protein of 135 kD, smaug, and we refer to them as smaug recognition elements (SREs). Analysis of point mutations in the SREs reveals a strong correlation between smaug binding and translational repression; mutants unable to bind smaug in vitro are not repressed translationally in vivo, whereas mutants that do bind smaug remain repressed translationally. These results strongly suggest that smaug acts in translational repression of unlocalized nanos mRNA. Translational repression is essential, as embryos expressing a nanos mRNA with mutated SREs develop with anterior body patterning defects and die, despite correct localization of the RNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of excess iodine supplement on serum total proteins, electrophoretic patterns and body weight of Fayoumi chickens.

Total proteins and their major fractions were determined in the serum of 135 males and females of Fayoumi chickens, 65 were used as controls and 70 were treated with excess iodine in the form of KI. Serum proteins increased significantly with the increase in age till the 90th day in normals, then decreased gradually. Excess iodine supplement decreased body weight, serum total proteins, alpha2- and beta-globulins in most of males, while in females the decrease was pronounced till the 90 days old. Albumin increased in females than in males in normals, while in the treated groups it decreased in all females and in some of males. A/G ratio decreased with maturation in normals, but in the treated groups it increased in males and decreased in most of females than those of controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of thyroxine replacement therapy on the growth patterns of body, brain, and cerebellum in the neonatal hypothyroid rat.

The reversibility of the effects of propylthiouracil induced neonatal hypothyroidism by daily subcutaneous injections of L-thyroxine (T4) was investigated in the rat. Four groups of rat pups were used in this experiment: Group I (control) received equivalent amounts of saline subcutaneously; Group II (hypothyroid) received propylthiouracil injections daily; Group III (T4-14) are hypothyroid rats who received daily T4 replacement therapy (2.5 micrograms/day) subcutaneously starting on Day 14; Group IV (T4-21) are also hypothyroid rats whose T4 replacement therapy (2.5 micrograms/day) was started on Day 21. The four parameters studied were body length, body weight, brain weight, and cerebellar weight in these four groups of animals at 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 postnatal days. A minimum of eight animals were studied for each time sequence. The present study clearly indicated the beneficial effect of T4 therapy on the length and body weight of the hypothyroid animals, whether therapy was started at Postnatal Day 14 or 21. In addition, a more important finding of this study was the significant increase in brain and cerebellar weights of T4-treated animals compared to the hypothyroid animals, this beneficial effect being more striking in the T4-14 group when compared to that in the T4-14 animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The relationship of gender, diet patterns, and body type to weight change following smoking reduction: a multivariate approach.

We compared two regression models of posttobacco-reduction weight gain using nutrient intake and other variables as predictors. The first model involved the regression of weight gain, in pounds, against absolute change in the nutrient predictor variables. The second model utilized a data transformation, regressing percent change from initial body weight against change in nutrient:weight ratios. Both models included age, initial body-mass index (BMI), and change in nicotine exposure as additional predictors. Separate analyses were conducted for each gender and for obese and normal-weight participants. The results indicated that adjusting changes in nutrient intake for weight predicted posttreatment weight gain better than absolute changes in nutrient intake. The most accurate prediction was observed for normal-weight individuals, with both genders simultaneously in the model. Increase in weight was predicted by a decrease in nicotine exposure, a decrease in calories per pound, decrease in carbohydrates per pound, and an increase in a carbohydrate:protein ratio. Neither model predicted weight change for obese participants. These findings suggest that adjusting nutrient intake for body weight obviates the need for separate examination of each gender, and that a reduction in nicotine exposure is associated with weight gain. The results are consistent with those studies that attribute postcessation weight gain to decreased metabolic activity and reduction in nicotine intake.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Seasonal patterns in body temperature of free-living rock hyrax (Procavia capensis).

Rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) are faced with large daily fluctuations in ambient temperature during summer and winter. In this study, peritoneal body temperature of free-living rock hyrax was investigated. During winter, when low ambient temperatures and food supply prevail, rock hyrax maintained a lower core body temperature relative to summer. In winter body temperatures during the day were more variable than at night. This daytime variability is likely a result of body temperatures being raised from basking in the sun. Body temperatures recorded during winter never fell to low levels recorded in previous laboratory studies. During summer ambient temperatures exceeded the thermoneutral zone of the rock hyrax throughout most of the day, while crevice temperatures remained within the thermoneutral zone of rock hyrax. However, in summer variation in core body temperature was small. Minimum and maximum body temperatures did not coincide with minimum and maximum ambient temperatures. Constant body temperatures were also recorded when ambient temperatures reached lethal limits. During summer it is likely that rock hyrax select cooler refugia to escape lethal temperatures and to prevent excessive water loss. Body temperature of rock hyrax recorded in this study reflects the adaptability of this animal to the wide range of ambient temperatures experienced in its natural environment.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed2002

Segmental regulation pattern of body surface temperature in the rat hindlimb.

Body surface zones or 'thermatomes', whose temperature is regulated by a single spinal segment, were investigated by thermography in the rat hindlimb. First, the spatial relation between the dermatome delineated by dye extravasation and the corresponding thermatome was investigated in rats pretreated with intravenous application of Evans blue. Electrical stimulation of the spinal nerves and sympathetic trunk segments at L3 and L5 induced a distal dominant temperature decrease. In contrast, Evans blue extravasation appeared in the medial (in L3) and lateral (in L5) paw only by electrical stimulation of the spinal nerves. Second, thermatomes L1-L5 were determined in other rats. Electrical stimulation of the sympathetic trunk segments L1-L6 produced a temperature decrease in the abdomen, hindlimb, and tail. However, the hindlimb temperature was regulated mainly by L2-L5 levels, particularly by L4 and L5. The abdomen was regulated uniformly by L1-L6, and the tail by L6. It was demonstrated that thermatomes are manifested differently from the corresponding dermatomes in the rat hindlimb.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Electrical stimulation of the medial frontal lobe elicits a pattern of body movements in sheep.

Acute experiments were conducted in sheep anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital to identify regions in the brain where electrical stimulation would elicit movements of body parts. Stimulating the dorsal frontal cortex 2 mm from midline from the front of the brain backward for 30 mm caused movements, in order, of the lower jaw, face in general, neck, shoulder and front and back legs.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Intercorrelations between menstrual cycle patterns and body dimensions in Austrian women.

The relationships between 29 cephalic and post-cephalic body dimensions and the length and regularity of the menstrual cycle, as well as the duration of menstrual bleeding, have been investigated in 327 Austrian women. Five of the eight head measurements and seventeen of the 21 body measurements correlated statistically significantly with the individual menstrual variables. Measures of facial and post-cephalic robustness and the amount of subcutaneous fat tissue correlated negatively with the length of cycle, as well as with the difference between minimum and maximum cycle length, a measure of the cycle regularity. The post-cephalic height and length dimensions correlated significantly positively with bleeding duration. The results indicated a marked influence of body type, especially the amount of subcutaneous fat, on the length and regularity of the menstrual cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Patterns of body weight in the Baltic Republics.

OBJECTIVE: Previously recorded rates of obesity in the Baltic Republics have been among the highest in the world although little is known about how they vary within the population. This study investigates the distribution of body mass index (BMI) and obesity in these countries. DESIGN: Three cross-sectional surveys conducted in the summer of 1997. SETTING: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. SUBJECTS: Representative national samples of adults with measured weight and height (Estonia: n=1154; Latvia: n=2292; Lithuania: n=2096). RESULTS: Between-country differences are particularly large among women: women from Latvia and Lithuania are approximately three times as likely to be obese as those from Estonia (17.4%, 18.3%, 6.0% respectively); only about one-third of this difference is explained by the sociodemographic and behavioural factors studied. In men, the prevalence of obesity varied only slightly among countries (Estonia: 9.9%; Latvia: 9.5%; Lithuania: 11.4%). While the prevalence of obesity increases with age within each republic, particularly in women, it is not associated with nationality or urban/rural region, and no consistent association is observed with income. Obesity is inversely related to education in Latvia and in Lithuanian women. Latvian men and women and Lithuanian men who smoked had a lower prevalence of obesity than non-smokers. Leisure time physical activity was not associated with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is a major health problem in the Baltic Republics, particularly among Latvian and Lithuanian women. The lack of association between obesity and most demographic, socioeconomic and behavioural factors suggests that the problem is generalized. Health promotion strategies aiming at preventing and controlling excess weight gain in the Baltic Republics will need to target the general population.

Adult↗