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Results for “Body Dysmorphic Disorders”

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PubMed2002

[Body dysmorphic disorder in psychiatric outpatients: diagnosis, other psychiatric diagnosis, demographic and clinical correlates].

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the clinical and demographic properties and comorbidity of 47 patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). METHOD: Fifty-four patients with BDD among 4768 consecutive outpatients over a 5-year period were reviewed and invited for comprehensive re-examination. A total 47 patients (male female=26:21) were rediagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria for BDD and comorbid lifetime psychiatric disorders using SCID-I. RESULTS: The mean age of BDD patients was 23.1 +/- 5.5 years and the mean age at onset of BDD was 17.6 +/- 2.4 years. The face (27.7%) and nose (25.5%) were the most common areas of concern, followed by hair loss/thinning, legs/knees, hands, and thinness. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (31.9%), major depression (21.3%), and social phobia (17.0%) were the most frequent additional lifetime DSM-IV diagnoses. Eleven patients (23.4%) had ideas of reference and 9 patients (19.1%) had delusions of deformity or reference. Four patients (8.5%) had made suicide attempts. CONCLUSION: BDD may be related to obsessive-compulsive disorder in several aspects, including patterns of comorbidity and symptom profile. These findings also support the idea that BDD has a psychotic subtype that is closely related to the primary disorder. BDD patients among the Turkish population have a symptom profile similar to those in western countries except for lower suicide attempts.

English Abstract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathological skin picking in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and clinical correlates of pathological skin picking (PSP) in a large sample of individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). METHOD: One hundred seventy-six individuals with BDD (71.0% women; mean age, 32.5+/-12.3 years) were assessed with respect to comorbidity, BDD severity, delusionality (insight), quality of life and social/occupational functioning, using reliable and valid measures. All variables were compared in BDD subjects with and without lifetime PSP. RESULTS: About 44.9% of subjects reported lifetime PSP, and 36.9% reported current PSP secondary to BDD. BDD subjects with PSP were more likely to be female, to have skin preoccupations, to have comorbid trichotillomania or a personality disorder, to camouflage with makeup and to seek and receive nonpsychiatric (e.g., dermatological) treatment for their skin preoccupations. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of PSP among individuals with BDD, and clinicians should be aware of the clinical correlates of this problematic behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The "obsessive" cosmetic surgery patient: a consideration of body image dissatisfaction and body dysmorphic disorder.

"Obsessive" cosmetic surgery patients often present as "hyper-focused" on their appearance. We may best be able to understand these patients through examining their thoughts and feelings about their body image. This paper reviews the relationship between physical appearance, body image dissatisfaction, and the pursuit of cosmetic surgery. An extreme form of body image dissatisfaction, Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), which may characterize many "obsessive" patients, is also discussed. Recommendations for assessing patients' body image concerns include a comprehensive history as well as specific questions about appearance-related concerns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Interpretive biases for ambiguous information in body dysmorphic disorder.

Anxiety-disordered patients and individuals with high trait anxiety tend to interpret ambiguous information as threatening. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether interpretive biases would also occur in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), which is characterized by a preoccupation with imagined defects in one's appearance. We tested whether BDD participants, compared with obsessive-compulsive disorder participants and healthy controls, would choose threatening interpretations for ambiguous body-related, ambiguous social, and general scenarios. As we hypothesized, BDD participants exhibited a negative interpretive bias for body-related scenarios and for social scenarios, whereas the other groups did not. Moreover, both clinical groups exhibited a negative interpretive bias for general scenarios.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Body dysmorphic disorder: implications for its validity as a DSM-III-R clinical syndrome.

A sample of 258 college students responded to three items in Likert-format designed by the authors to elicit information relating directly to the three criteria for body-dysmorphic disorder described in DSM-III-R (1987). 70% of the participants endorsed some agreement with an item regarding dissatisfaction with some aspect(s) of their bodies. 46% indicated some preoccupation with this aspect of their appearance, and 48% indicated some exaggeration of their perceived body image. Sex differences were significant on all three items. 28% of the sample endorsed all three of the items taken together. These results raise questions about the utility of a diagnosis which, as it is currently defined, could conceivably apply to a large percentage of the population and which disproportionately targets women.

Attitude↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Body dysmorphic disorder and aesthetic surgery: case report.

The appearance of psychiatric disorders among plastic surgery patients is well-known, and its frequency is higher than in other surgical branches. There is evidence that these patients may suffer from body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a mental disorder characterized by excessive concern about some imaginary or slight physical defect, causing significant clinical discomfort, social deterioration, and losses in other important areas of the individuals' activity. We present a typical case of BDD and discuss diagnostic criteria and the proper attitude the plastic surgeon should adopt toward this kind of patient.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1998

Psychological assessment of patients requesting orthognathic surgery and the relevance of body dysmorphic disorder.

The psychological assessment of patients requesting orthognathic treatment is a vital and integral part of the overall assessment procedure. It allows identification of potential problems at an early stage before irreversible decisions have been made. This paper aims to highlight some of the aspects of psychological assessment which are particularly important. It also discusses current concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of those patients suffering from body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). This is the term applied to those individuals with a normal appearance who present requesting treatment because they believe that they have a 'defect'.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Predictive validity of the overvalued ideas scale: outcome in obsessive-compulsive and body dysmorphic disorders.

Overvalued ideas have been theoretically implicated in treatment failure for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Until recently, there have not been valid assessments for determining severity of overvalued ideas. One recent scale, the Overvalued Ideas Scale (OVIS; Neziroglu, McKay, Yaryura-Tobias, Stevens & Todaro, 1999, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 881-902) has been found to validly measure overvalued ideas. However, its predictive utility has not been determined. Two studies were conducted to examine the extent to which the OVIS predicts treatment response. Study 1 examined the response to behavioral therapy in a group of participants diagnosed with OCD. Residual gain scores showed a significant correlation between treatment outcome for compulsions and pretreatment OVIS scores (28.1% variance accounted). Pretreatment OVIS scores were not significantly correlated with residual gains in obsessions (1.7% variance accounted). The predictive utility of the OVIS was superior to a single item assessment of overvalued ideas available on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Scale in predicting outcome for compulsions. For this item, the variance accounted for compulsions was 6.3% and for obsessions was 3.9%. Study 2 examined the response to behavioral therapy in a group of participants diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a condition ostensibly linked to OCD and presumed to present with higher levels of overvalued ideas. Residual gains scores showed a significant relationship between obsessions and OVIS (accounting for 34.8% of the variance), but not for compulsions (10.2% variance accounted). As in Study 1, the predictive utility of the OVIS was superior to the single item assessment (with 0.2% variance accounted for compulsions, 2.4% variance accounted for obsessions). Taken together, the studies reported here show that this OVIS is predictive of treatment outcome, and the predictive value depends on which symptoms are used to assess outcome. Further, the scale is more effective in predicting outcome than a widely used single item assessment.

Adolescent↗