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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Three commercial polyclonal immunoassays for cyclosporine in whole blood compared: 1. Results with patients' specimens.

We assessed the performance of three commercially available polyclonal immunoassays for apparent cyclosporine in 120 whole-blood specimens collected from transplant recipients just before their next dose of cyclosporine (CsA). The assays were (a) Abbott's TDx fluorescent polarization immunoassay for CsA and its metabolites in whole blood; (b) the Sandoz radioimmunoassay (RIA); and (c) Incstar's Cyclo-Trac RIA. Mean respective CVs were 3.8%, 9.3%, and 24.3%. Analytical recovery was nearly 100% for concentrations up to 1000 micrograms/L for Incstar and up to 1500 micrograms/L for Abbott and Sandoz; linearity was compromised at greater concentrations. We also quantified the parent CsA concentrations by HPLC. Moreover, to follow day-to-day fluctuations in patients' "cyclosporine" concentrations with each method and to assess the impact these differences have on interpretation of the analytical results, we assayed serial specimens from six post-transplant patients. These showed significantly dissimilar, but parallel, results among the methods for any single sample. Occasionally, however, a result would not fit the established trend. Biases observed among the assays can be explained in part by the nonspecific antisera cross-reacting with CsA metabolites. Most important, we demonstrate that patients' results are not reliably interchangeable among the methods.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measurement of tetracycline levels in parakeets.

Parakeets were fed hulled millet seed containing 0.5% chlortetracycline (CTC) or minocycline. Blood concentrations of more than 1 micrograms CTC/ml and more than 5 micrograms minocycline/ml were obtained. Equivalent drug assay results were obtained from blood specimens collected by venipuncture or by use of treated filter-paper discs. The latter is a fairly simple method for assaying CTC concentrations in blood of treated psittacines.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1998

The safety of intraoperative autologous blood collection and autotransfusion during cesarean section.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the safety of intraoperative autologous blood collection and autotransfusion during cesarean section. STUDY DESIGN: A multicenter historical cohort study identified 139 patients in whom autologous blood collection autotransfusion during cesarean section was performed. We also identified 87 control patients who underwent similar surgical procedures at the same centers without autotransfusion. The outcome variables we compared were acute respiratory distress syndrome, amniotic fluid embolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation, need for ventilatory support, infectious morbidity, and the length of postpartum hospitalization. RESULTS: Demographic and obstetric characteristics were similar in both groups. The ranges of autotransfused volumes were 200 to 11,250 mL at Yale, 225 to 1160 mL at Good Samaritan, and 125 to 4750 mL at Hinsdale. No statistically significant differences existed between the two groups in any of the outcome variables analyzed. No case of acute respiratory distress syndrome or amniotic fluid embolism was identified in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Our multicenter experience reveals no demonstrably increased risk of complications in patients receiving autologous blood collection autotransfusion during cesarean section.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1998

[RT-PCR in the prenatal diagnosis of rubella. Report of 2 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To confirm the interest of the reverse transcription-coupled polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in prenatal diagnosis of rubella. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Maternal blood, amniotic fluid and foetal blood specimens collected at 21 to 24 weeks of amenorrhea from two pregnant women with serologically proven rubella infection were tested by RT-PCR and cell culture for detection of rubella virus. Rubella virus-specific IgM antibodies were also assayed in foetal blood. RESULTS: In both cases, rubella virus was detected in foetal blood by RT-PCR and cell culture, whereas it was not detected in maternal blood. Rubella virus-specific IgM were also detected in foetal blood. In amniotic fluid specimens, rubella virus was detected by RT-PCR in one case and by cell culture in the other one. A termination of pregnancy was carried out in both cases. COMMENTS: RT-PCR is a rapid test. It could be useful to confirm foetal infection and could represent a criterion for considering a pregnancy termination. However, this technique which is not yet standardized for detection of rubella virus, needs further validation by additional studies.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Glutamic acid decarboxylase and IA-2 autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes: comparing sample substrates for autoantibody determinations.

Large-scale programs designed to assess risk for type 1 diabetes through serologic assessment of autoantibodies to recombinant beta-cell autoantigens are hampered by several limitations, including the methods for sample collection and assay performance, as well as the volume required for autoantibody determinations. The present study was designed to develop a low sample-volume, primary screening method for autoantibody detection of high specificity and sensitivity, and to determine the feasibility of dried blood spots collected on filter paper in serving as vehicles for such determinations. Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and ICA512bdc (IA-2), both individually and in combination, were determined in persons with type 1 diabetes, healthy controls, or individuals with other autoimmune disorders. Autoantibody results for serum, plasma, and dried blood spots were compared. GAD, IA-2, and combined GAD/IA-2 autoantibodies were concordant in their measurement from minimal volumes of serum, plasma, and whole blood extracted from dried filter paper. The autoantibody levels from the dried blood spots were, however, lower than corresponding serum samples, and, as currently designed, failed to detect low-titer autoantibodies. Despite this limitation, screening for diabetes risk can be performed using small volumes of whole blood, serum, or plasma collected onto filter paper. These methodological improvements should simplify matters, reduce costs, and increase the efficacy of screening programs for type 1 diabetes. Further development of better substrates/methods for blood-specimen collection seems necessary to exploit the full potential of this and other autoantibody measurement strategies for screening large populations.

Journal Article↗