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PubMed2001

[Influence of anthropometric parameters on bone mineral density. Correlations with age and sex].

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to analyse the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and some anthropometric parameters such as body weight and height, body mass index, age and sex. METHODS: This study has been carried out between January 1997 and March 2000 in 2839 patients, subdivided into 2679 women (mean age 63.2 +/- 11 years; range: 26-86 years) and 160 men (mean age 58.9 +/- 16.1 years; range: 20-95 years), at the Climatric Unit of the University of Catania The assessment of BMD was measured using a DEXA densitometer method (TurboScan p-DXA, NIM, Verona, Italy). In all patients with high risk for osteoporosis and bone fractures, a statistical analysis of the variance (ANOVA), in order to point out the predictivity of these parameters. RESULTS: The results of the measurements have confirmed a strong relationship between BMD values and sex, age and body constitution. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these results, the importance is stressed of diagnostic, instrumental and laboratory investigations for all patients with and without normal body constitution, in order to analyse the bone mineral status and establish an appropriate preventive therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Longitudinal studies to determine the effect of body fat rate reduction on blood pressure.

Body constitution is estimated by weight as a quantity index and percent body fat (%BF) as a quality index. Obesity is one of the risk factors in hypertension. High blood pressure drops by body weight reduction. The relationship between %BF change and blood pressure change during 1 year, and whether blood pressure changed in subjects whose %BF decreased without body weight reduction, were investigated. %BF was measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis. The changes of body weight, %BF and blood pressure in the decreased %BF group that decreased more than 2 points of %BF, and in the no body weight change group which body weight had not changed in the decreased %BF group, were studied. In the decreased %BF group, average blood pressures fell significantly from 149/92 to 141/86 mm Hg in the subjects in hypertensive state at baseline. In the no weight change group, average blood pressures also fell significantly from 151/93 to 140/87 mm Hg. Even if the body weight had not changed, blood pressure had decreased significantly when %BF had decreased significantly.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

The CYP2D6B mutant allele is overrepresented in the Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease.

Approximately one-fourth of neuropathologically confirmed cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) also have brainstem and neocortical Lewy bodies, constituting a Lewy body variant of AD. Because Lewy bodies are a pathologic hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), this subpopulation of AD subjects may have the same risk factors as PD subjects. Analyses of the cytochrome P450 CYP2D6-debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase mutant B allele, a susceptibility gene for PD, revealed a higher representation of this allele in the Lewy body variant of AD than in pure AD or non-AD without Lewy bodies.

Alleles↗
PubMed1999

A comparison of bone mineral density and muscle strength in young male adults with different exercise level.

The aim of this study was to investigate any differences in bone mass at different sites between young adults subjected to a high physical activity and a group of young adults with a low level of physical activity. In addition, we compared the relationship among bone mass, muscle strength, and body constitution in these two groups. The reference group consisted of 20 men, age 24.6 +/- 2.3 years, not training for more than 3 hours per week. The ice hockey players consisted of 20 players, age 23.4 +/- 4.9 years, from an ice hockey team in the second highest national Swedish league, training for about 10 hours per week. The groups were matched according to age, height, and weight. Areal bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in total body, head, humerus, spine, pelvis, femur, femoral neck, Ward's triangle, trochanter, femur diaphysis, proximal tibia, and tibia diaphysis using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. BMD was significantly higher in the total body (8.1%), humerus (11.4%), spine (12.7%), pelvis (12.4%), femoral neck (10.3%), femur (7.4%), proximal tibia (9.8%), and tibia diaphysis (7.5%) in the high activity group. Fat mass was significantly lower in the high activity group (18.7%). The high activity group also had a significantly higher lean body mass (5.4%) and a significantly higher isokinetic muscle strength of the quadriceps muscle compared with the reference group. In the reference group, there was a general strong independent relationship between muscle strength of the thigh and all BMD sites, except for the head, tibia diaphysis, and proximal tibia. Furthermore, in the same group, body mass index (BMI) independently predicted pelvis BMD. On the contrary, in the high activity group, muscle strength did not predict any BMD site at all. In the same group, body constitutional parameters (weight, height, and fat mass) independently predicted pelvis BMD, and BMI was shown to be an independent predictor of humerus BMD. The differences in BMD between the groups seem to be site-specific and may be associated with the type and magnitude of loading during off season training and preferentially during ice hockey. High physical activity seems to weaken the relationship between BMD and muscle strength. Hence, impact forces may be of greater importance in regulating bone mass than muscle strength in itself in highly trained athletes.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1997

Localization and characterization of inclusion bodies in recombinant Escherichia coli cells overproducing penicillin G acylase.

Various concentrations of isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) were used to induce production of the enzyme penicillin G acylase by recombinant Escherichia coli harboring plasmid pQEA11. The plasmid pQEA11 carries a wild-type pga gene, which is under the control of the tac promoter and lacIq. At low IPTG concentrations (0.025-0.1 mM), enzyme activity increased with increasing IPTG concentrations. At higher IPTG concentrations (0.2 and 0.5 mM), enzyme activity declined progressively. Examination of induced recombinant E. coli cells by transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of only periplasmic inclusion bodies at low IPTG concentrations (up to 0.1 mM) and both periplasmic and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies at high IPTG concentrations (0.2 mM and 0.5 mM). Results from sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblots of whole-cell proteins, membrane proteins and inclusion body proteins in these cells indicated that cytoplasmic inclusion bodies constituted an accumulation of preproenzyme (i.e., precursor polypeptide containing a signal peptide) and that periplasmic inclusion bodies constituted an accumulation of proenzyme (i.e., precursor polypeptide lacking a signal peptide).

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1990

Stromal fat content of the parathyroid gland.

The proportion of stromal fat cells to parenchymal cells in 100 normal parathyroid glands was determined by the image analyzing computer technique. The parathyroid glands were resected at the time of thyroidectomy in 86 patients with thyroid tumors. None of the patients had any evidence of parathyroid dysfunction preoperatively. In the histologic sections of the parathyroid glands, the average percentage of stromal fat cell content was 38%. The percentage of stromal fat cells was correlated with the age and the body constitution of the patients, but the percentages of fat cells varied widely among glands in the given age and body constitution ranges. It was therefore not possible to discriminate a normal parathyroid gland from an abnormal gland solely on the basis of microscopic determination of stromal fat cell content.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Complex analysis of the actual nutrition and nutritional conditions in the GDR].

In the GDR the nutritional balance is characterized by an excessive consumption of fats and also a slight deficiency of some mineral substances and vitamins. The consumption of food products, the calorific intake and that of nutrients depend upon the sociological structure of the society (workers, employees, collective farmers, pensioners) on the socio-economic factors (income, the household size, number of family members) and upon biological parameters. With greater expenditures on alimentation the actual nutritional pattern generally does not improve. In the GDR 20 per cent of males and 40 per cent women suffer from obesity. From among factors influencing the nutritional status subject to consideration are the sex, age, physical activity and body constitution. Model analyses carried out in GDR helped obtain some indications as to the alimentary habits in people with normal and excessive weight.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

[Difficulty of epidural puncture for obstetric analgesia: risk factors].

INTRODUCTION: Predicting technical difficulties in performing an epidural block can affect the anesthesiologist's choice of technique or decisions about who should carry it out. Our aim was to determine patient characteristics associated with difficulty in performing an epidural block for obstetric analgesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We designed a prospective observational study in 540 pregnant women who requested epidural analgesia for obstetric labor. Patient characteristics (age, weight, height), anatomical features (body constitution, visible and/or palpable spinal apophyses, structural anomalies), technical features (number of attempts, repositioning of the needle), anesthesiologist's experience (resident or staff), block success, time taken to accomplish the procedure, and obstetrical variables (parity, gestational age, cervical dilatation). RESULTS: The factor that best correlates with puncture difficulty in the obstetric patient is the presence of visible or palpable spinal apophyses and palpation prior to carrying out the block. Factors like weight, body constitution, or anesthesiologist's experience seem to influence the rate of success or failure of the epidural block for obstetric analgesia, although to a lesser degree. CONCLUSIONS: The most important factor for predicting success of an epidural block for obstetric analgesia in our practice is the presence of palpable spinal apophyses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Definition and application of 8 anthropologic indices].

Quite recently, the existing 3 indices for the evaluation of human body constitution in adults have been supplemented by 5 further ones proposed by Komenda of the Institute of Medical Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine of the Palacký University of Olomouc, CSSR. This gives rise to considerations and comparisons of the now 8 indices the definitions of which are presented first. In contrast to the indices by Quetelet-Bouchard, Quetelet-Kaup-Gould and Rohrer-Buffon-Bardeen combining body weight W and a power of body height L, the Komenda group of indices comprises either interrelations of weight and chest circumference U or of all 3 somatic seizes. For reason of adequate interpretation, the transfer from chest circumference to chest cross-section of the elliptical against a circular form is investigated and assured. Thereafter, the range of application is extended to the whole process of development from birth to adulthood, using growth series of L, U, and W as given by Marcusson and Oehmisch and treated with growth specific approximations after models of Sager. As a result tables and graphs for the improved somatic values and the course of the 8 indices are given complemented by the U/L-curves for males and females.

Adult↗