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PubMed1994

Methylated C-glycosylflavones as taxonomic markers in orchids of the subtribe Ornithocephalinae.

In a leaf flavonoid survey of 15 Brazilian orchid species from the subtribe Ornithocephalinae, flavone C-glycosides were found to be the major constituents in all except two Ornithocephalus taxa. In Zygostates cornuta a rare glycoside, apigenin 7,4'-dimethyl ether 6-C-glucoside-2"-O-rhamnoside, was identified. This also occurred in Z. alleniana, Z. lunata, Z. pellucida and Z. pustulata. Two further similar apigenin 7,4'-dimethyl ether C-glycoside-O-rhamnosides, possibly with different C-linked sugars, were detected in Z. multiflora and Z. grandiflora. In Z. cornuta, apigenin 4'-methyl ether 6-C-glucoside-2"-O-rhamnoside was found to co-occur with the apigenin 7,4'-dimethyl ether derivative. Ornithocephalus myrticola was distinguished by the presence of an apigenin 8-C-methylpentoside and three apigenin 7-methyl ether 8-C-glycoside derivatives. In O. bicornis and O. kruegeri, another apigenin 7,4'-dimethyl ether C-glycoside was found, while from Phymatidum falcifolium, apigenin 7,4'-dimethyl ether and apigenin 7-methyl ether C-glycosides and their O-arabinosides were isolated. Chytroglossa marileoniae also contained an apigenin 7,4'-dimethyl ether C-glycoside, which appeared to be the same as that in P. falcifolium. Rauhiella silvana, on the other hand, could be distinguished from all the other taxa studied by the absence of methylated C-glycosylflavones and presence of isovitexin. 6-Hydroxyflavone O-glycosides, which are characteristic leaf constituents of some Oncidium species in the related subtribe Oncidinae were not detected in the present sample.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed2002

[Bystander effect mediated by herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase/ganciclovir approach on prostatic cancer cells and its regulation].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the bystander effect mediated by herpes simplex virus-thymidine kanase/ganciclovir (HSV-TK/GCV) suicide gene therapy approach on PC-3m, a prostate cancer cell line, to explore the role of connexin (Cx) mediated gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in the procedure of bystander effect of HSV-TK/GCV system and to investigate the modulation of apigenin, a Cx expression up-regulator on the connexin43 (Cx43) expression and GJIC of PC-3m cells. METHODS: PC-3m cells were cultured and PC-3m cells transfected with EBV-based expression vector containing HSV-TK gene (TK(+) PC-3m cells) and TK(-) PC-3m cells were mixed at the ratio of 1:9. GCV was added into the mixture. The bystander effect was evaluated by MTT assay. GJIC and HSV-TK/GCV induced bystander effect in several typical cell lines, such as NIH-3T3, Cos-7, and L-02 cells, were determined by crape loading dye tracing (SLDT) and MTT assay respectively. Cx43 mRNA expression and inherent GJIC capacity of PC-3m cells were examined by RT-PCR and SLDT. TK(+) PC-3m cells and TK(-) cells were mixed and divided into 4 groups and added with GCV, apigenin, apigenin + GCV, and apigenin + GCV + 18-alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid (AGA) respectively. Then the killing rate on PC-3m cells was examined by MTT. RESULTS: After 72 h treatment of 100 micro mol/L GCV on the mixture of wild-type PC-3m cells and HSV-TK gene modified PC-3m cells, only 23.5% +/- 3.2% cells were killed. The magnitude of HSV-TK/GCV bystander effect were more powerful in NIH-3T3, Cos-7, and L-02 cells which manifested excellent GJIC than in ACHN and HeLa cells (P < 0.001). Expression of Cx43 mRNA was shown by RT-PCR, however, it is weaker than that in ACHN cells and normal prostate tissue. With the administration of apigenin, the expression of Cx43 mRNA and the GJIC function of PC-3m cells were increased by 2.2 times (P < 0.01) The enhancing effect of apigenin on GJIC function of PC-3m cells lasted 48 hours and could be inhibited by addition of AGA. Apigenin of the concentration of 10 micro mol/L could obviously improve the bystander effect of TK system on PC-3m cells (P < 0.001). The killing rate of GCV on the mixed PC-3m cells was 59.86% +/- 2.44%, and was only 25.34% +/- 2.89% with the addition of AGA. CONCLUSION: There is a positive correlation between the magnitude of bystander effect mediated by HSV-TK/GCV approach and the potency of internal GJIC in the target cells. Down-regulated Cx43 expression and disrupted inherent GJIC potential of PC-3m cells result in the poor magnitude of HSV-TK/GCV bystander effect. Chemical agent like apigenin up-modulates Cx43 expression and invokes GJIC capacity of PC-3m cells, thus enhancing the bystander effect and augmenting the efficacy of TK suicide therapy.

3T3 Cells↗