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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Stereotaxic operations in the treatment of patients with infantile cerebral palsy].

The main neurosurgical forms of infantile cerebral palsy (ICP) are singled out: athetosis-torsional-dystonic, athetosis-spastic, athetosis-torsional-choreatic. Results of 273 stereotaxic operations in 163 ICP patients are analyzed. The best results were observed in with athetosis-choreatic and athetosis-torsional-dystonic forms that were associated with rigidity-spasticity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Topography of secondary dystonia lesions].

Biological causes provoking dystonia can not be systematized, with the exception of the small group of levodopa-responsive dystonia. Therefore the pathophysiology of the dystonic syndrome can be approached by considering the site of the lesions. In 40 cases of uni or bilateral symptomatic dystonias, this site could be identified with CT Scan or MRI. Twenty-one were located in the striatum, six in the pallidum, seven in the thalamus, six in the midbrain. Each group is characterized by etiologic and clinical criteria, sometimes associated with abnormal movements. In the striatal group, the most important, dystonia was often associated by athetosis or choreoathetoid abnormal movements. In some cases, in children, lesions were vascular due to impairment of lenticulo-striatal arteries, often following cranial trauma. The pallidal lesions were usually provoked by metabolic or infectious agents. Most thalamic dystonias were of vascular origin, sometimes accompanied by myoclonia. Midbrain lesions were usually vascular with tremor. Athetosis occurred after striatal rarely after pallidal lesions. It is advisable not to assimilate dystonia and athetosis as both are simultaneously observed if the lesions are located in the striatum, rarely in the the pallidum but not in the midbrain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Involuntary movements and birth injuries to brain].

Asphyxia may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy (CP) in a subpopulation of patients, although this has recently been questioned by some investigators. Here I describe the results of our analyses into the involuntary movements of children with CP, which resulted from perinatal hypoxic brain damages. Based on cranial CT or MRI findings, the patients were divided into five groups: A, those showing high density on CT in the basal nuclei (bilateral thalami in particular); B, those showing destruction of bilateral putamina; C, those with diffuse low-density areas in the cerebral white matter on CT during the neonatal period that evolved later into polycystic leukomalacia; D, those with similar low-density areas which subsequently resolved; and E, those without any pathological findings. Using video records, I demonstrated the motor development of six cases with CP. Patients of Group A showed pure athetosis with hypotonia. A patient of Group B had severe athetoid CP with spasticity, being unable to right his trunk and neck. A case of Group C developed severe spastic quadriplegia with athetosis. His mental ability was retained to some extent. In Group D, there was moderate spasticity and mild athetosis. A patient with transient anxia had disturbance in the coordinated finger movements. Cases with choreic movements had no particular CT or MRI findings. Even in the severest of these cases, distinction from normal infants was difficult in the very early infancy. After four to five months, locomotive prognoses were well predicted by the patients' ability to control their trunk. To know more about the pathogenesis and CP and to elucidate the significance of involuntary movements, further data should be accumulated by clinical observations on motor development, and by imaging studies.

Birth Injuries↗
PubMed1991

Image-directed functional neurosurgery with the Cosman-Roberts-Wells stereotactic instrument.

An isocentered system for functional stereotactic procedures with the Cosman-Roberts-Wells frame and a CT localizer that allows extrapolation of target data directly from the CT slice is presented. Based on anatomical landmarks and on the scaled corresponding transverse plates of the Schaltenbrand and Wahren atlas, we delineate the thalamic and cerebellar nuclei. Twenty three image-directed functional procedures were performed in one year on 18 patients (7 with Parkinson's disease, 4 with dystonia, 3 persons with essential tremor, 2 patients with choreo-athetosis and 2 with de-afferentiation pain). The 23 procedures included 19 thalamotomies, two dentatotomies and two stereotactic implantations of deep seated brain electrodes. Successful targeting was verified by intra-operative electrical stimulation and postoperative CT scan. Complete reduction of symptoms was observed in 4 persons with Parkinson's disease and in 2 patients with essential tremor with significant improvement observed in the rest of the patients with the exception of the individual with choreo-athetosis. There were no operation-related complications. The reported technique is safer and less distressing for patients than previous radiological procedures and it makes image-directed stereotactic functional neurosurgery available to many units with the CRW frame.

Athetosis↗
PubMed1981

Dyskinetic strabismus as a sign of cerebral palsy.

We found dyskinetic strabismus in 66 patients with cerebral palsy. The most striking feature of dyskinetic strabismus is the fluctuation from esotropia to exotropia under the same accommodative conditions with a slow tonic deviation similar to a vergence movement. With increasing age, exodeviation becomes more prevalent. Dyskinetic strabismus is seen exclusively in cerebral palsy patients. Many of these patients have an athetoid component to their disorder. The association of dyskinetic strabismus with athetosis and upward gaze palsy suggests that the basal ganglia may be the site of the malfunction. The strabismus responds poorly to surgery and the associated athetosis is important in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral palsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Recurrent artery of Heubner infarction in infancy.

Classically, acquired occlusion of the recurrent artery of Heubner (RAH) results in hemiparesis with faciobrachial predominance. Infarction in the territory of the RAH represents a specific stroke syndrome not yet described in infancy with a range of motor and functional manifestations. An infant is described with apparent congenital infarction of the recurrent artery of Heubner. The child had prominent involvement of the contralateral upper extremity with athetosis. Neuroimaging changes were evident in the vascular territory classically attributed to the RAH. The clinician should suspect congenital RAH infarction in those infants with congenital upper-extremity athetosis.

Athetosis↗