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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Immunisation of smallholder dairy cattle against anaplasmosis and babesiosis in Malawi.

A field study was conducted in the Southern Region of Malawi to evaluate the possible benefits of immunisation of improved dairy cattle against Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis. Friesian crossbred heifers were immunised when they were being reared on Government farms. They were then issued to smallholder farmers, together with unvaccinated controls, where many of them were exposed to heavy tick infestation. Vaccination was shown to provide a significant degree of protection against babesiosis on the smallholder farms; 15/32 unvaccinated controls developed clinical disease as compared to only 3/28 vaccinates.

Anaplasma↗
PubMed1985

Observations on erythrocytic acetylcholinesterase activity in experimentally induced anaplasmosis in calves.

Erythrocytic acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was assessed in splenectomized bovine calves inoculated with Anaplasma marginale. Other parameters, i.e., haematological values (haemoglobin, packed-cell volume, and total erythrocytic count), percentage parasitaemia and the ensuing host reactions during Anaplasma infection were also studied in relation to AChE activity. There was significant inhibition of red blood cell-AChE activity commencing soon after inoculation of infected blood; this preceded a substantial decrease in haematological values along with high parasitaemia. The changes in AChE activity may possibly be associated with increased cell membrane permeability, thus triggering the entry of A. marginale organisms into red blood cells.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1990

Post-thawing viability of vaccines for bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis cryopreserved with glycerol.

Live frozen vaccines containing Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina or Anaplasma centrale were prepared using glycerol as cryoprotectant and stored in liquid nitrogen. The viability of the vaccines was tested inoculating calves 1 h (n = 12), 2 h (n = 12), 12 h (n = 6) and 24 h (n = 6) after thawing. Babesia bovis and A. centrale were detected in thin and/or thick blood smears in all vaccinated calves; however, 1 of 12 calves inoculated 1 h after thawing and 3 of 6 calves inoculated 24 h after thawing did not develop a B. bigemina parasitaemia. The longer post-thawing durability of frozen vaccines cryoprotected with glycerol compared with those cryoprotected with dimethyl sulfoxide, presented by other authors, will extend their use under field conditions.

Anaplasma↗
PubMed1995

Recent developments in the molecular biology of anaplasmosis.

Recent applications of DNA analysis, cloning, sequencing and expression technology have resulted in significant advances in our understanding of the hemoparasite Anaplasma marginale. Analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA has confirmed a phylogenetic position close to Ehrlichia sp. and Cowdria ruminantium. Intact genomic DNA of A. marginale digested with SfiI separates into bands from 14 to 170 kbp on pulse-field gels, with a total genome size of 1200-1260 kbp and G + C content of 56 mol%. Major surface proteins (MSP1-MSP5) have been identified and DNA coding sequences are available for most of these. These data have revealed that MSPs may be quite polymorphic between different geographic isolates, may be encoded by multi-gene families, and have some similar features to other prokaryotes including signal peptidase cleavage sites and gene regulatory sequences. Homologies have been detected between MSPs and immunodominant proteins of Cowdria ruminantium. Several MSPs have been expressed to high level and purified from recombinant Escherichia coli. MSP 1, 2 and 4 have potential for the development of vaccines and MSP3 and 5 for improved diagnostic assays.

Anaplasma↗
PubMed2006

Serological evidence for tick-borne encephalitis, borreliosis, and human granulocytic anaplasmosis in Mongolia.

Five hundred and forty-five serum samples from donors from various parts of Mongolia were investigated for antibodies against the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Seroprevalence against TBE was 5.1% in the province of Selenge and 0.9% in Bulgan province, seroprevalence against B. burgdorferi was 1.9% in Selenge province and Bulgan province, 13.9% in Dornogov province, and 3.0% in Tov province and Ulaanbaatar. Seroprevalence against A. phagocytophilum was 2.3% in Selenge province, 5.6% in Bulgan province, 2.8% in Dornogov province, and 3.0% in Tov province and Ulaanbaatar. We conclude that all three pathogens are endemic in Mongolia.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum↗
PubMed1997

Variations in seroprevalence and host factors for bovine anaplasmosis in Illinois.

The modified card agglutination test (MCAT) was used to detect antibodies to Anaplasma marginale in 4994 samples collected from market cattle through the Brucellosis Eradication Program in Illinois. The MCAT reactor rate in the sample was 6.4%. The statewide prevalence estimate increased to between 7.1% and 10.7% when corrected for sampling distribution and test sensitivity and specificity. While the sample reactor rate measures the proportion of infected cattle moving through the market system and into new herds, consideration of the sampling proportions and test characteristics is important when estimating the overall prevalence. Cows were found to be at decreased risk relative to male cattle in lower-prevalence areas, but the risk was similar in higher-prevalence areas. In both higher- and lower-prevalence areas, the risk for seropositivity increased from 1 year of age onwards, but the rate of increase with age was greater in the higher-prevalence areas. Calves, however, had higher seroprevalence levels than 1-2-year-old animals. The risk was highest for Angus and Angus-Hereford cross cattle, while dairy cattle showed a decreased risk in the whole sample, but not when the analyses were stratified by prevalence level. There was a higher concentration of dairy cattle in areas with lower prevalence levels.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Collection and sterilization of large volumes of bovine serum and its use in vaccines against bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis.

A method is described for the collection and sterilization of 100 1 batches of bovine serum. Serum was prepared by defibrination of 20 1 volumes of whole blood using an impeller spinning at 400-500 rev./min. After freezing and thawing the raw serum was clarified through milk filters, pre-filtered through cartridge filters and sterilized by membrane filtration. The bacteriologically sterile serum was used in vaccines against bovine babesiosis and anasplasmosis after testing indicated no toxicity for Babesia and Anaplasma.

Anaplasma↗
PubMed1990

The indirect fluorescent antibody test for bovine anaplasmosis.

An indirect fluorescent antibody test was used successfully for the serodiagnosis of experimental Anaplasma infections in cattle. Specific antibodies were detected three to ten days after anaplasma bodies were found in the blood, and persisted at least 15 weeks post-infection. An American and an African stock of A. marginale were used to prepare antigens, and gave comparable results when tested on sera positive to either of these stocks, as well as to an A. central-like stock from Korea. There were no cross-reactions with several Theileria, Babesia, Trypanosoma and Eperythrozoon species.

Anaplasma↗