SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The effect of single and repeated injection of hydrocortisone to rats during the last week of pregnancy on the reactivity of the hypothalamic-hypophysial-suprarenal complex of their adult descendants was studied. The reaction of hypophysial-suprarenal system of the adult rats to an amotional stressor and injection of norepinephrine in the brain lateral vesicle was shown to decrease. Under similar experimental conditions the reaction to ether and combined stressors, as well as to intraventricular injection of 5-HT or carbocholine resembled that in the control animals. It is suggested that hydrocortisone injected during the prenatal period exerts, to a certain extent, the selective influence on the central adrenergic mechanisms the changes in which may serve as one of the causes of decrease in emotional reactivity of adult animals.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The authors studied the functional interrelations between the adrenal glands and the thyroid gland of female albino rats of various age groups. Blood content of 11-oxycorticosteroids and protein-bound iodine was determined. Analogous determinations were carried out in partial exclusion of the adrenal gland function (metapyron block) and of the thyroid gland function (6-methyluracil block). It is supposed that in the young sexually-mature female albino rats the functions of the adrenal glands and the thyroid gland were in direct relationship irrespective of the cyclic variations in the sex steroid secretion; with the advance of age this association became deranged.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The activity of cytoplasmic dehydrogenases of the adrenal cells was examined during the prolonged injections of ACTH to Wistar rats. The indices of specific steroid synthesis function of the glands remained relatively high in the course of the whole experiment. Changes in the rats of corticosterone synthesis and dehydrogenase activities were phasic in character; they included an initial synchronic activation the first two days with its subsequent decrease (7 days of ACTH injections). The prevalence of activities of NADP-dependent dehydrogenases in combination with reactivation of steroidogenesis was marked during the concluding phase (13 days) of the experiment. A possibility of the adaptive role of selective activation of NADP-dependent enzymes in the maintenance of a high level of hormone biosynthesis under conditions of prolonged ACTH stimulation is discussed.
Two chronic schizophrenic patients and a psychiatrist spent 21 days in an isolation unit. For the first 4 days they lived on normal time but thereafter the clock was removed and they were free-running. The psychiatrist followed the schedule set by the schizophrenics, one of whom spontaneously decided the times of retiring and rising while the other followed passively. The psychiatrist commonly retired some time later but without disturbing the schizophrenics, the mean duration of whose days was 23.7 h, distinctly shorter than is usual in healthy subjects. This was made up of an activity period of 11.77 h and a rest period of 11.94 h. Pulse rate and temperature were measured frequently throughout the waking hours and rectal temperature was monitored during sleep. Urine samples were also collected throughout the 24 h and were analysed for potassium, sodium, chloride, creatinine, phosphate, calcium and uric acid. Urinary and temperature rhythms followed approximately the activity rhythm, in both healthy and schizophrenic subjects. Pulse rate in the schizophrenics followed a rhythm with a period slightly less than that of activity, and in one schizophrenic showed a consistently early phasing. 11-hydroxycorticosteriods at the end of the observation showed a very early phasing corresponding to that of activity. The findings suggest that schizophrenics may have an abnormally short circadian period.
Changes in the content of ascorbic acid in the blood, urine and suprarenals and also of glucose and 11-oxycorticosteroids in guinea pigs with different vitamin C allowances under conditions of cold stress were studied. The data obtained suggest that the degree of the vitamin C allowances is essential for adequate reactions of the organism exposed to the action of cold, but the shifts in metabolic transformations point to the need for a more reserved utilization of high ascorbid acid doses.
The author studied the glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex in 93 patients (40 males and 53 females) with acute disturbances of brain circulation, in 59 patients with ischemic strokes and 21 patients with cerebral hemorrhages. The functional activity of the adrenal cortex was judged by the content of 11-oxycorticosteroids in the plasma of the peripheral blood and in the liquor in the dynamics during 4 weeks from the beginning of the stroke. The patients with a severe course of the stroke (in spite of its character) demonstrated a statistically significant increase of 11-OCS concentration in the above-mentioned biological fluids during the acute period of the disease (first 14 days).
Exposure of pigs with a body mass of 25-30 kg to long-lasting motor noise (108 dB, 60-8000 Hz, 72 hours) results in a considerable increase of catecholamine concentration in the plasma. Coincidently there is a sharp continuous decrease of the 11-OHKS in the plasma during the whole period of exposure to noise. Immediately after stopping the acoustic irritation the concentration of plasma corticosteroids increases again. The electroencephalogram (EEG) giving evidence of inhibition signs during exposure to noise an adaptation effect of the information processing system is concluded. The increase of the PBJ during the period of acoustic stress points to an increased function of the thyroid gland but simultaneously it is considered to be an expression of the elevated adrenergic situation. By reason of the strong deviation of the three observed regulatory systems must be concluded that longer-lasting exposure to noise with the applied quality and intensity represents a stress situation for pigs having noise character as established for men. A possible influence on the productivity of the pork type pig by permanent acoustic stress is indicated.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The effect of prednisolone injections during the early postnatal ontogenesis on the diurnal rhythm of corticosteroid function and stress reactivity in adult animals has been studied in rats. The injections of prednisolone to 7--9 days old rats resulted in the subsequent disturbance of diurnal rhythmicity in the suprarenal cortex functioning: the diurnal fluctuations of the content of 11-oxycorticosteroids in the blood plasma are smoothed out; the diurnal changes in the hormonal reaction to the stress stimulation disappear. This disturbance appears to be due to changes in the central mechanisms of the control of hypophysis-suprarenal system. The reactivity of this system per se suffered no changes.
The authors studied the sensitivity to the inhibitory action of 0.5 mg of dexametasone (determined by a drop in 11-oxycorticosteroids in the blood content) in 22 patients with endogenous depressions. In 20 cases among the 22, the dexametasone test appeared to be disturbed. In 14 patients refractory to the action of dexametasone during the depressive period in intermissions the inhibitory effect was restituted. In 7 among 8 cases of reactive depressions the indices did not differ from the control group. The insufficiency in the regulation of glucocorticosteroids is considered as a significant link in the pathogenesis of endogenous depression which may be due to disorders of metabolism of the brain biogenic amines.
The state of the steroidogenic function of the adrenal glands, lipid spectrum of the adrenal gland tissue and metabolism rate of 11-oxycorticosteroids (11-OCS) in the liver tissue and their levels in the blood plasma were studied on rats after a single administration of karminomycin in a dose of LD50 (1.55 mg/kg). The hormones of the adrenal cortex were shown to play a definite role in the mechanism of the karminomycin damaging effect. Dependence of the changes on the time of the drug effect was noted. The shifts were of a reversible character. No direct toxic damages in the tissue of the adrenal glands were observed. Only an increase in the 11-OCS blood levels and a decrease in the steroid metabolism in the liver tissue were shown. The latter must be due to the direct cytotoxic effect of karminomycin on the tissue of this organ.
The experiments were conducted in 14 male rabbits dynamically on the 5th, 10th, 20th, 30th, 40th, 60th and 80th day of the central nervous system tension or at rest, including the studies of lipid metabolism (total cholesterol and beta-lipoproteins content), the function of the thyroid gland (protein bound iodine content) and the function of the adrenal cortex (11-OCS content). Such lasting stimulation of the adrenal cortex was found to be accompanied by hypercholesterolemia, hyper-beta-lipoproteinemia, elevated 11-OCS level and lack of thyroid function changes. A lasting tension of the central nervous system against the background of chronic stimulation of the adrenals delays the development of hypercholesterolemia and hyper-beta-lipoproteinemia, reduces the function of the thyroid gland, and increases the function of the adrenal cortex. The observed shifts in the lipid metabolism may be of atherogenic importance. The obtained data may be useful for the study of the pathogenesis of hormonal shifts in atherosclerosis.
Histological changes in lymph nodes and dynamics of 11-oxycorticosteroid levels in blood were studied in intact and adrenalectomized rats under staphylococcal intoxication. At early stages (up to 24 h) after staphylotoxin or staphylococcal injection, stress reaction of the organism, which produces a rise of corticosteroid level in blood, was demonstrated to play the major role in aplasy of the lymphoid tissue. At later stages, when the level of corticosteroids decreases, the lymphoid tissue begins to restore. In adrenalectomized rats, aplasy of the lymphoid tissue begins at later stages (in 3--4 days) because of a decreased amount of corticosteroids in blood. From the data obtained a suggestion is made that under intoxication, devastation of the lymphoid tissue occurs via mediated and direct action of the toxin.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.