PubMed · 9929014
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D A Rew, G Woltmann, A J Wardlaw. 1999-01-23. Laser-scanning cytometry.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)74940-0
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Twelve human embryos and fetuses aged of 7-30 weeks of intrauterinal life were examined to determine the expression of bcl-2 gene in the developing kidney. Tissue samples were routinely processed and three-step indirect immunohistochemical method was used for the detection of Bcl-2 protein. End-point cytophotometry was performed with computer-controlled microscope photometer with a scanning table and the mean relative absorbance of the final product of peroxidase reaction was determined and taken as a measure of Bcl-2 expression. The morphometric evaluation was carried out from the TV display using Weibel s universal hexagonal raster and we determined the relative volume of Bcl-2 positive structures in the various zones of the embryonal kidney. The aim of our research was mapping of the Bcl-2 occurrence in the developing kidney of human embryos and fetuses. The Bcl-2 protein is involved in the regulation of apoptosis and its effect is antiapoptotic. The highest Bcl-2 expression was proved in the cells of metanephrogenic blastema. The lower occurrence of Bcl-2 positive cells was demonstrated in proximal tubules analges+ and it was almost on the borderline of detection in branches of ureteral bud. In the fetal period the marked Bcl-2 expression was maintained in the epithelial cells of proximal tubules analges.
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A novel combined photographic and cytophotometric technique provides information on the physiological state of leaves and a permanent record of each leaf measured in field studies. The method has the ability to determine the distribution of photosynthetic potential within various portions of the leaf and to scale up to the canopy level as well as down to the cellular level. Photographic transparencies are taken in the field, then brought back to the lab to be analyzed cytophotometrically at the investigator's convenience. The image encoded on the film yields an absorption curve that is similar to that of intact leaves with peaks in the blue (450 nm) and red (660 nm) for paper birch. Internal standards of fluorescein and first surface mirrors combined with standardized magnification and illumination (e.g., ring flash) are used to insure precision and accuracy. Two wavelength and plug cytophotometric equations have been modified for use in this technique. Some problems with the two-wavelength method remain, but the usefulness of the plug method for cytophotometry has been expanded through the use of portable leaf area and chlorophyll meters and portable photosynthesis laboratories. Total photosynthetic potential (TPP) is shown to equal leaf area multiplied by the mean optical density of the leaf. With the use of internal standards TPP can be expressed in fluorescein units or adjusted by optical density of the image of the first surface mirror.