PubMed · 9914742
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P Jensen. 1998-12-10. [Piercing].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9914742/
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The incidence of occupational dermatitis of the hands is particularly high in the hairdressing trade. To elucidate the role of various risk factors, and to ultimately improve primary prevention of occupational hand dermatitis, a prospective cohort study was conducted between 1992 and 1997, including 2352 hairdressing trainees. Already six weeks after the start of training (median) 35.4% had--usually mild--irritant skin changes, mainly involving the interdigital web spaces. These were associated with subsequent, possibly more severe, hand dermatitis. Reduced exposure to wet work, i.e., improved skin protection with gloves, often led to the resolution of dermatitis of the hands. In conclusion, early irritant skin damage is a sentinel event that heralds possibly disabling occupational skin disease and should prompt adequate preventive measures.
BACKGROUND: The prevalence rates of both skin cancers and indoor tanning among the US population are high and have increased substantially in recent years. Low compliance by indoor tanning facilities with safety regulations may place consumers at greater risk of skin and ocular damage. OBJECTIVE: This study quantified the level of compliance by indoor tanning facilities with selected federal and state regulations and recommendations. METHODS: Tanning facilities (N = 54) in San Diego County, California, were visited by a confederate posing as a prospective customer. Compliance with 13 regulations/recommendations were assessed by either direct query or observation of the presence/absence of signs and warning labels. Operators' responses to 5 risk-based questions also were noted. RESULTS: No facility complied with all 13 regulations/recommendations. Compliance with 3 protective eyewear regulations was high (89%-100%). In contrast, compliance with maximum tanning frequency recommendations (approximately 6%) and parental consent regulations (approximately 43%) was disturbingly low. CONCLUSION: The investigators recommend instituting mandatory, comprehensive training for operators, as well as systematic compliance monitoring with enforcement of penalties for noncompliance.
In the article, basic modes of understanding the human body are systematically and critically described and discussed as premises for our understanding of exercise and sports. The article is based on relevant sources from the philosophy and the sociology of the body and from sports studies. In a traditional dualistic perspective, the body is seen as an object and as a part of a deterministic nature. In exercise and sports, the body is seen as a means towards external goals such as health and performance. In an alternative, phenomenological perspective, human beings are looked upon as body-subjects. The focus is on experiences and values in bodily movement and activity. A third perspective sees the body as a social construction. Our experience and understanding of the body are shaped by the psychosocial and socio-cultural contexts of which we are part. Exercise and sports are understood as expressions of various interests and power relations. In conclusion, it is suggested that the good life is a life in which the various perspectives of the body are balanced, with valuable experiences as body-subjects as the primary goal.