PubMed · 9833471
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S Sugai. 1998. [Immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9833471/
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Usher syndrome is an autosomal recessively inherited disease, characterised by sensorineural hearing loss, tapetoretinal degeneration and in some cases vestibular problems. Based on the clinical heterogeneity, the disease can be classified into three clinical types (I, II and III), which have their own genetic subtypes (Usher 1A-Usher IG, Usher 2A-Usher 2C and Usher 3). The majority of the Usher type I cases are caused by mutations in the MYO7A gene (Usher 1B) while mutations in the USH2A gene (Usher 2A) are the cause of most cases of type II. Usher syndrome type III, caused by mutations in the USH3 gene, is frequently seen only in Finland.
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a genetically heterogeneous disease and an important cause of blindness in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. In an attempt to identify the disease locus in families with the recessive form of the disease, we used the approach of screening for homozygosity by descent in offspring of consanguineous and nonconsanguineous families with RP. Microsatellite markers closely flanking 21 known candidate genes for RP were genotyped in parents and affected offspring to determine whether there was homozygosity at these loci that was shared by affected individuals of a family. This screening approach may be a rapid preliminary method to test known loci for possible cosegregation with disease.
In the last years, the molecular approach of the muscular dystrophies with mutated gene and deficient protein identification has completely renewed the knowledge of these myopathies. The combination of the following data 1. clinical phenotype, transmission mode; 2. evidence of muscle protein expression deficiency by immunocytochemical assay; and 3. gene mutation allow an unquestionable identification of the muscle disease. A new dystrophy classification has been established: thus 3 groups of autosomal recessive dystrophies have been isolated on molecular grounds, calpainopathies, sarcoglycanopathies, dysferlinopathies; each of these corresponding to a particular clinical phenotype. A suitable genetic council is now possible in most dystrophies. Finally, therapeutical prospects using "molecular repairing" may be now considered.