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PubMed · 974263

Red cell membrane deformability: new data.

B S Bull·J D Brailsford
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Abstract

Red cells arrested by fine fibers and subjected to drag forces in a moving stream of fluid can be stressed beyond the point of rupture. The technique, which is basically an in vitro analogue of the microangiopathic hemolytic state, thus permits a study of red cell behavior over the entire range of stress that the membrane can withstand. Measurements made by this approach show an exponential relationship between the velocity of fluid flow and the resultant membrane deformation. Such exponential membrane deformation is consistent with the morphology of red cell fragments and appears to explain their mechanism of formation.

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Blood Flow VelocityErythrocyte MembraneErythrocytesErythrocytes, AbnormalHumansJournal Article

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B S Bull, J D Brailsford. 1976. Red cell membrane deformability: new data.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/974263/

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Abnormal epicardial coronary resistance in patients with diffuse atherosclerosis but "Normal" coronary angiography.

BACKGROUND: Coronary arteries without focal stenosis at angiography are generally considered non-flow-limiting. However, atherosclerosis is a diffuse process that often remains invisible at angiography. Accordingly, we hypothesized that in patients with coronary artery disease, nonstenotic coronary arteries induce a decrease in pressure along their length due to diffuse coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Coronary pressure and fractional flow reserve (FFR), as indices of coronary conductance, were obtained from 37 arteries in 10 individuals without atherosclerosis (group I) and from 106 nonstenotic arteries in 62 patients with arteriographic stenoses in another coronary artery (group II). In group I, the pressure gradient between aorta and distal coronary artery was minimal at rest (1+/-1 mm Hg) and during maximal hyperemia (3+/-3 mm Hg). Corresponding values were significantly larger in group II (5+/-4 mm Hg and 10+/-8 mm Hg, respectively; both P<0.001). The FFR was near unity (0.97+/-0.02; range, 0.92 to 1) in group I, indicating no resistance to flow in truly normal coronary arteries, but it was significantly lower (0.89+/-0.08; range, 0.69 to 1) in group II, indicating a higher resistance to flow. In 57% of arteries in group II, FFR was lower than the lowest value in group I. In 8% of arteries in group II, FFR was <0.75, the threshold for inducible ischemia. CONCLUSION: Diffuse coronary atherosclerosis without focal stenosis at angiography causes a graded, continuous pressure fall along arterial length. This resistance to flow contributes to myocardial ischemia and has consequences for decision-making during percutaneous coronary interventions.

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