PubMed · 9708040
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1998-08-15. Exercise-induced asthma.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9708040/
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The simulation of a microbial transformation course is an important tool for the optimal design or characterization of industrial processes. Usually, models are developed to describe a specific part of the culture such as microbial growth and most of the time ignore the influence of physical and chemical environment on growth dynamics of the microorganism. In this work we propose a method which combines the description of the evolution of components involved in the bioprocess including biomass and the physical environment generated mainly by the bioreactor characteristics and operational conditions. Stoichiometric, kinetic, fluid dynamics and mass transfer models are linked to predict the course of the Escherichia coli culture under the influence of different experimental conditions and types of bioreactors. A set of 22 kinetic and physical parameters obtained from independent experiments and from literature are used in order to predict glucose, biomass, acetate, dissolved oxygen and CO(2) concentrations in airlift and stirred tank bioreactors.
We tested the ability of human subjects to distinguish between members of homologous series of aliphatic ketones (2-butanone to 2-decanone) and acetic esters (ethyl acetate to n-octyl acetate). In a forced-choice triangular test procedure, 20 subjects per series were repeatedly presented with all 21 binary combinations of the seven stimuli and asked to identify the bottle containing the odd stimulus. We found (a) that as a group, the subjects performed significantly above chance level in all tasks but three with the ketones, and all tasks but six with the acetic esters, and thus were clearly able to discriminate between most of the odor pairs presented; (b) marked interindividual differences in discrimination performance, ranging from subjects who were able to significantly distinguish between all 21 odor pairs of a series to subjects who failed to do so with the majority of tasks; and (c) a significant negative correlation between discrimination performance and structural similarity of odorants in terms of differences in carbon chain length for both homologous series. In line with findings of two previous studies using homologous series of aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids, our results suggest that carbon chain length may generally be an important determinant of the interaction between stimulus molecule and receptor, and thus may generally be a molecular property affecting odor quality of aliphatic substances.
The arginine catabolism of Thermanaerovibrio acidaminovorans was investigated. T. acidaminovorans was able to produce approximately 0.4--0.5 mol citrulline and 0.5--0.6 mol ornithine from 1 mol of arginine. However, in a methanogenic coculture with Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Z245 1 mol arginine was converted to approximately 1 mol of propionate, 0.5 mol acetate, 4 mol ammonia and 4 mol hydrogen; citrulline and ornithine were not formed. Enzyme measurements indicated the presence of the arginine deiminase pathway (ADI) in cells of T. acidaminovorans growing on arginine.